CN108590300B - 自复位金属耗能拉索 - Google Patents
自复位金属耗能拉索 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种自复位金属耗能拉索,包括复位耗能单元、通过连接单元与所述复位耗能单元连接的拉索筋材,复位耗能单元包括外槽、设置在所述外槽上端开口中的轴心管、并排设置并固定安装在外槽中的两个倒U形软钢、由所述两个倒U形软钢夹持并与之固定连接的轴心托板、设置在外槽中并套在轴心管上的蝶形弹簧组。受拉筋穿入筋底连接头和筋顶连接头后两端被筋底锚头和筋顶锚头锚固,筋底连接头连接轴心管,筋顶连接头连接底端连接头,全拉索通过底端和顶端连接头与待加固结构相连。本发明能降低自复位耗能支撑的自重和成本、充分利用高强材料强度和提高支撑耗能稳定性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种自复位金属耗能拉索技术,属于土木工程抗震加固领域。
背景技术
为了提高结构的抗侧刚度和减轻地震作用对结构的破坏往往在结构中设置支撑来提高结构的抗侧刚度和耗散地震输入能量。现有的普通支撑在强震下会产生不可修复的残余变形并对结构产生各种不利的影响。为了避免结构在强震下发生不可修复的破坏,自复位耗能支撑应运而生,目前现有的自复位耗能支撑多为双向受力支撑,为了避免受压屈曲和实现复位效果,往往构造复杂、造价高昂。
目前可恢复功能性支撑中恢复力的来源主要有蝶形弹簧、钢绞线、FRP筋材和记忆合金等,但钢绞线和FRP筋材对锚固要求苛刻且使用过程中会产生较大的预应力损失,而记忆合金材料目前价格高昂。
目前耗能支撑多采用金属塑性变形耗能、摩擦耗能和粘滞材料流动耗能等,其中金属塑形变形耗能性能稳定,可靠性高;摩擦耗能存在摩擦材料易老化和最大静摩擦力与滑动摩擦力差异大的问题;粘滞材料流动耗能存在对温度敏感和粘滞材料泄露等弊端。目前可恢复功能性支撑广泛存在构造复杂、自重大、成本过高、耗能效果不稳定和材料强度利用率低等问题。
发明内容
技术问题:本发明提供一种降低自复位耗能支撑的自重和成本、充分利用高强材料强度和提高支撑耗能稳定性的自复位金属耗能拉索。
技术方案:本发明的自复位金属耗能拉索,包括复位耗能单元、通过连接单元与所述复位耗能单元连接的拉索筋材,复位耗能单元包括外槽、设置在所述外槽上端开口中的轴心管、并排设置并固定安装在外槽中的两个倒U形软钢、由所述两个倒U形软钢夹持并与之固定连接的轴心托板、设置在外槽中并套在轴心管上的蝶形弹簧组。连接单元包括安装在轴心管上端的筋底连接头、筋顶连接头、顶端连接头、底端连接头,所述拉索筋材包括受拉筋、分别设置在所述受拉筋上下两端的筋顶锚头和筋底锚头,所述筋底连接头与轴心管连接,受拉筋通过筋底锚头锚固在筋底连接头上,所述筋顶连接头与顶端连接头连接,受拉筋通过筋顶锚头锚固在筋顶连接头上。
进一步的,本发明装置中,轴心管下端与轴心托板上端的端头螺纹连接,轴心管通过上端设置的外螺纹安装有锁力螺母,套在轴心管上的蝶形弹簧组施加有预压力,通过调节锁力螺母旋进轴心管的长度来调节蝶形弹簧组的压缩量和预压力。
进一步的,本发明装置中,倒U形软钢材质为软钢且其两侧壁底端开孔,并通过高强螺栓安装在外槽中,同时通过另一组高强螺栓将两个倒U形软钢和夹持在二者之间的轴心托板连接为一体,通过调节软钢的的壁厚和宽度调节来改变自复位金属耗能拉索的耗能能力。
进一步的,本发明装置中,轴心托板为T形截面,包括竖向的下端板、设置在所述下端板顶端的中部托板和设置在所述中部托板上侧的端头,所述中部托板支承碟形弹簧组,端头设置有外螺纹,下端板设置在两个倒U形软钢之间并通过高强螺栓和倒U形软钢连接。
进一步的,本发明装置中,外槽底侧设置有底端连接头,筋顶连接头上连接有顶端连接头,所述底端连接头和顶端连接头分别采用销轴连接与待加固结构连接,从而保证拉筋轴向传力。
本发明的自复位金属耗能拉索为土木工程抗震加固领域的结构构件,使用时双向布置,采用预压蝶形弹簧组为该耗能拉索提供恢复力,利用屈服强度较低的倒U形软钢的塑形变形来耗散地震能量。采用高强度、高弹性伸长率的筋材作为受拉筋。自复位金属耗能拉索利用U形软钢塑形变形来耗散地震能量,通过预压的蝶形弹簧组提供恢复力。受拉筋一端通过拉筋连接头和轴心管连接,一端通过拉筋连接头和端部连接头与待加固结构相连。轴心管的内管可旋进轴心托板的开螺纹端头,其顶部开螺纹端可旋入锁力螺母从而锁死蝶形弹簧组的预压力,顶部内壁可旋进筋底连接头。碟形弹簧组由轴心管串联起来,其个数按需要刚度来设定。蝶形弹簧组放置在外槽顶端和轴心托板之间,通过调节锁力螺母旋进轴心管的距离可以调节蝶形弹簧组的预压力。倒U形软钢下侧壁开孔并分别与轴心托板和外槽通过高强螺栓相连,随着轴心托板的运动,U形软钢的塑形变形区域不断变化。受拉筋穿入筋底连接头和筋顶连接头后两端被筋底锚头和筋顶锚头锚固,筋底连接头连接轴心管,筋顶连接头连接底端连接头,全拉索通过底端和顶端连接头与待加固结构相连。
有益效果:本发明相比于现有的自复位耗能支撑,具有造价低廉、构造简单、安装方便、耗能能力和复位能力稳定的优点。本自复位金属耗能拉索通过双向交叉布置规避了受压屈曲问题且采用高强材料作为受拉筋,从而大幅度减小了支撑的自重和造价。本自复位金属耗能拉索采用预压蝶形弹簧组提供复位力,通过张拉串联蝶形弹簧组的轴心管到指定位移并拧紧锁死螺母就可以精确调节蝶形弹簧组的预压力。采用预压缩的蝶形弹簧作为复位材料比采用预应力筋材更稳定且施工更简单,比采用记忆合金作为复位材料成本更低。本自复位金属耗能拉索采用两侧壁被夹持的倒U形软钢塑形屈服耗散地震能量,随着轴心托板的移动,倒U形软钢的塑形屈服段不断发生变化故而相比于其他塑形屈服区域不变的金属耗能支撑大幅度提高了耗能金属的使用寿命。本自复位金属拉索支撑全支撑构件都可通过高强螺栓连接,其装配不需要张拉设备和施焊设备,故而相比于其他支撑安装方便、施工效率高且安全性高。
附图说明
图1:蝶形弹簧组示意图
图2:外槽示意图
图3:轴心管示意图
图4:轴心托板示意图
图5:倒U形软钢示意图
图6:锁力螺母示意图
图7:筋底连接头示意图
图8:筋顶连接头示意图
图9:底端连接头示意图
图10:顶端连接头示意图
图11:复位耗能单元未组装蝶形弹簧组的构造示意图
图12:复位耗能单元组装蝶形弹簧组的构造示意图
图13:拉索筋材与连接单元构造示意图
图14:拉索筋材、连接单元与外槽、蝶形弹簧组组装的构造示意图
附图中:1-蝶形弹簧组,2-外槽,3-轴心管,4-轴心托板,5-倒U形软钢,6-锁力螺母,7-筋底连接头,8-筋顶连接头,9-底端连接头,10-顶端连接头,11-高强螺栓,12-受拉筋,13-筋顶锚头,14-筋底锚头。
具体实施方式
本发明的自复位金属耗能拉索,包括复位耗能单元、连接单元和受拉筋材。其中复位耗能单元包括通过预先压缩来提供复位力的蝶形弹簧组1、用来串联蝶形弹簧组1和连接轴心托板的轴心管3、通过旋入轴心管3来锁死蝶形弹簧组预压力的锁力螺母6、用来支承蝶形弹簧组1和连接倒U形软钢5的轴心托板4、塑形屈服区域随加载位移变化的倒U形耗能软钢,其构造见图12。连接单元包括通过筋顶锚头13和受拉筋12连接的筋顶连接头8、通过筋底锚头14和受拉筋12连接的筋底连接头7,连接待加固结构的顶端连接头10和底端连接头9,其构造见图14。拉索筋材包括高强度的受拉筋12、将受拉筋12和筋顶连接头8连接的筋顶锚头13和将受拉筋12和筋底连接头7连接的筋底锚头14,其构造见图13,其中受拉筋12可以是钢绞线和FRP筋材。
将蝶形弹簧组1放置在轴心托板4上并一起放入固定好的外槽2中,然后将筋顶连接头8、筋底连接头7和轴心管3依次穿在受拉筋12上,并采用锚固设备对受拉筋的两端用筋顶锚头13和筋底锚头14锚固(见图13),然后将轴心管3从外槽2顶部穿过蝶形弹簧组1并旋进轴心托板4的上端头,然后张拉轴心管3到蝶形弹簧组1预压缩位移并旋入锁力螺母6将蝶形弹簧组1的预压力锁死,然后将根据耗能能力的大小设计的2个倒U形软钢5分别放置在轴心托板4和外槽2之间并用高强螺栓11连接,然后将筋顶连接头8和顶端连接头10螺纹连接、筋底连接头7和轴心管3螺纹连接并将底端连接头9和外槽2连接,最后将顶端连接头10和底端连接头9和待加固结构通过销轴连接,销轴连接可以保证自复位金属耗能拉索的轴向受力要求。
本发明自复位金属耗能拉索按照以下方式安装使用:
1.把轴心托板4放入外槽2,然后将蝶形弹簧组1放置在轴心托板4的中部托板上。
2.将筋顶连接头、筋底连接头和轴心管依次穿入受拉筋,然后将受拉筋的两端用筋顶锚头13和筋底锚头14锚固。
3.把轴心管3从外槽2顶部穿入把蝶形弹簧组1串联起来,并旋进轴心托板4的开螺纹上端头。
4.固定外槽2并张拉轴心管3至碟形弹簧组1设定预压力,然后将锁力螺母6旋入轴心管3外管开螺纹端锁死蝶形弹簧组1的预压力。
5.使用高强螺栓11把倒U形软钢5分别与轴心托板4和外槽2相连。
6.将受拉筋12穿入筋底连接头7和筋顶连接头8并采用筋顶锚头13和筋底锚头14将两端锚固。然后将筋底连接头7旋入轴心管3,将筋顶连接头8旋入顶端连接头9,并将外槽2和底端连接头10通过高强螺栓11相连。
Claims (5)
1.一种自复位金属耗能拉索,其特征在于,该耗能拉索包括复位耗能单元、通过连接单元与所述复位耗能单元连接的拉索筋材,复位耗能单元包括外槽(2)、设置在所述外槽(2)上端开口中的轴心管(3)、并排设置并固定安装在外槽(2)中的两个倒U形软钢(5)、由所述两个倒U形软钢(5)夹持并与之固定连接的轴心托板(4)、设置在外槽(2)中并套在轴心管(3)上的蝶形弹簧组(1);
所述连接单元包括筋顶连接头(8)和安装在轴心管(3)上端的筋底连接头(7),所述拉索筋材包括受拉筋(12)、分别设置在所述受拉筋(12)上下两端的筋顶锚头(13)和筋底锚头(14),所述筋底连接头(7)与轴心管(3)连接,受拉筋(12)通过筋底锚头(14)锚固在筋底连接头(7)上,受拉筋(12)通过筋顶锚头(13)锚固在筋顶连接头(8)上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的自复位金属耗能拉索,其特征在于,所述轴心管(3)下端与轴心托板(4)上端的端头螺纹连接,轴心管(3)通过上端设置的外螺纹安装有锁力螺母(6),套在轴心管(3)上的蝶形弹簧组(1)施加有预压力,通过调节锁力螺母(6)旋进轴心管(3)的长度来调节蝶形弹簧组(1)的压缩量和预压力。
3.根据权利要求1所述的自复位金属耗能拉索,其特征在于,所述倒U形软钢(5)材质为软钢且其两侧壁底端开孔,并通过高强螺栓(11)安装在外槽(2)中,同时通过另一组高强螺栓(11)将两个倒U形软钢(5)和夹持在二者之间的轴心托板(4)连接为一体,通过调节软钢的的壁厚和宽度调节来改变自复位金属耗能拉索的耗能能力。
4.根据权利要求1、2或3所述的自复位金属耗能拉索,其特征在于,所述轴心托板(4)为T形截面,包括竖向的下端板、设置在所述下端板顶端的中部托板和设置在所述中部托板上侧的端头,所述中部托板支承碟形弹簧组(1),端头设置有外螺纹,下端板设置在两个倒U形软钢(5)之间并通过高强螺栓(11)和倒U形软钢(5)连接。
5.根据权利要求1、2或3所述的自复位金属耗能拉索,其特征在于,所述外槽(2)底侧设置有底端连接头(9),筋顶连接头(8)上连接有顶端连接头(10),所述底端连接头(9)和顶端连接头(10)分别采用销轴连接与待加固结构连接,从而保证拉筋(12)轴向传力。
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