CN108588737A - A method of processing vanadium-containing waste liquid prepares sodium metavanadate - Google Patents

A method of processing vanadium-containing waste liquid prepares sodium metavanadate Download PDF

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CN108588737A
CN108588737A CN201810434551.7A CN201810434551A CN108588737A CN 108588737 A CN108588737 A CN 108588737A CN 201810434551 A CN201810434551 A CN 201810434551A CN 108588737 A CN108588737 A CN 108588737A
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vanadium
waste liquid
containing waste
sodium metavanadate
sodium
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CN108588737B (en
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刘帅舟
李君涛
史小虎
余龙海
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Dali Energy Storage Hubei Co ltd
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Hunan Vanadium Valley New Energy Technology Co Ltd
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    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25BELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
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    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01GCOMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G31/00Compounds of vanadium
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    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25BELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/04Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/008Disposal or recycling of fuel cells
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    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/80Compositional purity
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/84Recycling of batteries or fuel cells

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Abstract

The invention belongs to field of waste liquid treatment, specifically disclose a kind of method that processing vanadium-containing waste liquid prepares sodium metavanadate, and the cathode chamber that vanadium-containing waste liquid is passed through to electrolytic cell carries out anode reaction, the total Vanadium valence of vanadium-containing waste liquid is electrolysed to pentavalent, pentavalent vanadium solution is obtained;Pentavalent vanadium solution alkali adjusts pH value to 8~12, is evaporated crystallization or dilution crystallization later, obtains the mixed crystal of sodium metavanadate and sodium sulphate;The mixed crystal of sodium metavanadate and sodium sulphate is dissolved with glycerine, is then filtered, and with washes of absolute alcohol filter residue, gained filter residue is through being dried to obtain pure sodium metavanadate product.The method of the present invention can not only solve the process problem of waste liquid, reduce discharging of waste liquid, prevent environmental pollution, can more produce high value-added product, and this method step is simple, the rate of recovery is high, no dangerous, environmental-friendly.

Description

A method of processing vanadium-containing waste liquid prepares sodium metavanadate
Technical field
The present invention relates to devil liquor recovery processing technology field, more particularly to vanadium-containing waste liquid is recycled technical field.
Background technology
Vanadium redox battery possesses adjustable energy conversion efficiency height, capacity, service life length, high security And advantages of environment protection, it is mainly used for the mating energy storage devices of electricity generation system of the regenerative resources such as solar energy, wind energy, power grid Peak-clipping and valley-filling device and uninterruptible power supply and emergency power system.In vanadium cell, the energy content of battery is stored in the form of electrolyte 's.Full V electrolyte is the important component of vanadium cell, is the carrier of energy storage, electrolyte is by vanadium ion and sulfuric acid group At anode is made of VO2+/VO2+ oxidation-reduction pairs, and cathode is made of V3+/V2+ group oxidation-reduction pairs.In recent years Come, with the rise of vanadium cell, the output of full V electrolyte is increasing.
But as vanadium cell is used for a long time, battery system constantly carries out charge and discharge, the ionic species of V electrolyte And content can change, and be mainly shown as that sulfate concentration, vanadium ion concentration increase, there is crystallization, precipitation in electrolyte, positive and negative Pole vanadium ion valence state is unbalanced, foreign ion increases etc., and vanadium cell positive and negative anodes is caused to mismatch, and energy imbalance can not normally make With.Although the method that can utilize electroreduction returns to original state vanadium ion valence state in electrolyte, by long-term Recycling be electrolysed again, the impurity content in electrolyte is excessively high, and chemical property reduces, and impurity removal process is complex, it is difficult to will Electrolyte is restored to initial performance, eventually leads to electrolyte and fails after long-time service, can not use.Also having been reported that at present is Vanadium in waste liquid is extract in the form of vanadic anhydride or vanadic sulfate, but refines vanadic anhydride or vanadic sulfate work Skill is complex, also needs to use the special equipments such as high temperature, high pressure, it is higher to refine cost.At present be limited by environmental protection etc. requirement and The efficient utilization of resource, the processing for the electrolyte that fails are the urgent problems to be solved that many vanadium cell manufacturers face.
Equally, the problem of there is also liquid waste processings for vanadic sulfate preparation industry.Vanadic sulfate preparation process is usually sulphur Acid dissolving vanadic anhydride, reducing agent reduction, evaporative crystallization, dehydration obtain vanadic sulfate.Vanadic sulfate produce after containing vanadium and The liquid waste processing of acid, is the urgent problem to be solved that manufacturer faces.
For these reasons, it is necessary to the vanadium-containing waste liquid of relevant industries is studied, it is simple to seek a kind for the treatment of process, The rate of recovery is high, the recovery and treatment method of profitable vanadium-containing waste liquid.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is attempting to find such a Moxifloxacin water injection, it is existing it is ideal use concentration, Again the invention mainly solves the technical problem of providing a kind of method of processing vanadium-containing waste liquid, the processing of waste liquid can be not only solved Problem reduces discharging of waste liquid, prevents environmental pollution, can more produce high value-added product, and this method step is simple, returns High income, it is no dangerous, environmental-friendly.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:A kind of processing vanadium-containing waste liquid prepares metavanadic acid The method of sodium, steps are as follows:
Electrolysis processing vanadium-containing waste liquid:The cathode chamber that vanadium-containing waste liquid is passed through to electrolytic cell carries out anode reaction, by vanadium-containing waste liquid Total Vanadium valence is electrolysed to pentavalent, obtains pentavalent vanadium solution;
Prepare sodium metavanadate crude product:The pentavalent vanadium solution with alkali adjust pH value to 8~12, be evaporated later crystallization or Dilution crystallization obtains the mixed crystal of sodium metavanadate and sodium sulphate;
Sodium metavanadate crude product purifies:The mixed crystal of sodium metavanadate and sodium sulphate is dissolved with glycerine, is then filtered, with nothing Water-ethanol cleans filter residue, and gained filter residue is through being dried to obtain pure sodium metavanadate product.
Wherein, when electrolysis processing vanadium-containing waste liquid, the reaction setting time of anode reaction is calculated by following steps:
Vanadium-containing waste liquid total V density C and average valence M are measured using the method for constant-current titration or chemistry titration,
Wherein, total V density C=C (II)+C (III)+C (IV)+C (V),
Average valence M is:
C (II), C (III), C (IV), C (V) indicate the concentration of bivalent vanadium, the concentration of trivalent vanadium, four in vanadium-containing waste liquid respectively The concentration of valence vanadium, the concentration of pentavalent vanadium, unit are mol/L;
The reaction setting time t of anode reaction is:
Wherein, M is vanadium-containing waste liquid average valence;C is vanadium-containing waste liquid total V density, unit mol/L;V is vanadium-containing waste liquid Volume, unit L;NAFor Avgadro constant, numerical value is 6.02 × 1023;E be Single Electron carried charge, numerical value be 1.6 × 10-19, unit coulomb;I is Faradaic current, unit ampere.
Preferably, electrolysis processing vanadium-containing waste liquid step is:Vanadium-containing waste liquid is passed through electrolytic cell cathode chamber and carries out anode reaction, After anode reaction reaches reaction setting time t, vanadium-containing waste liquid at this time is scanned using ultraviolet specrophotometer, if deposited In trivalent vanadium absorption peak or tetravalence vanadium absorption peak, then continue anode reaction, until pentavalent vanadium absorption peak is only existed, it is purple at this time The scanning of outer spectrophotometer is only 780 nanometers there are pentavalent vanadium absorption peak in wavelength, and electrolysis terminates, and it is molten to obtain pentavalent vanadium Liquid, at this time the total Vanadium valence of vanadium-containing waste liquid be electrolysed to pentavalent.
The anode of the electrolytic cell is one kind of stereotype, stainless steel or graphite cake.
The cathode of the electrolytic cell is one kind in stereotype, DSA electrodes, graphite cake.
The adjusting pentavalent vanadium solution ph is one or more of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate with alkali.
When preparing sodium metavanadate crude product, the crystal that sodium metavanadate and sodium sulphate are obtained using the method for evaporative crystallization is mixed The temperature of object, evaporative crystallization is 120~160 DEG C.
The material of the electrolytic cell is corrosion resistance high molecular material.
Preferably, the corrosion resistance high molecular material is any one of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride.
The diaphragm of the electrolytic cell is cation-exchange membrane.
Vanadium ion in vanadium-containing waste liquid, is all electrolysed extremely by the method for processing vanadium-containing waste liquid provided by the invention by being electrolysed Then the obtained pentavalent V electrolyte of electrolysis is added alkali and adjusts pH value to 8-12, later evaporative crystallization or dilution crystallization by pentavalent, The mixed crystal of sodium metavanadate and sodium sulphate is obtained, obtained mixed crystal obtains pure sodium metavanadate product after cleaning with glycerine. Processing procedure is simple, easy to operate, does not use any organic or inorganic oxidant, does not generate gas, safe and harmless.Production obtained Product sodium metavanadate is white or flaxen crystal, molecular formula NaVO3, can be used as chemical reagent, catalyst, drier, matchmaker Stain manufactures ammonium vanadate and potassium metavanadate, is also used for medical treatment photograph, plant inoculating and corrosion inhibitor etc..In recent years, with associated row The demand of the development of industry, sodium metavanadate is increasing, and price is also higher and higher.
The method of the present invention can be used for handling vanadium cell failure electrolyte or other liquid containing vanadic acid, can not only solve vanadium electricity The process problem of pond failure electrolyte, can also produce high value-added product, reduce vanadium cell cost, increase economic effect Benefit.Compared with traditional technique for making raw material production sodium metavanadate with vanadic anhydride, the method for the present invention will be lost using electrolysis Vanadium valence in effect electrolyte or liquid containing vanadic acid is electrolysed to pentavalent, and sodium metavanadate, work are obtained after overregulating pH, crystallization, removal of impurities Skill is simple, easy to operate, no dangerous, non-environmental-pollution.Inclined vanadium is made by the electrolyte of vanadium redox battery of failure or containing vanadium containing acid waste liquid Sour sodium can not only solve the process problem of waste liquid, reduce discharging of waste liquid, prevent environmental pollution, can more produce high additional The product of value.This method step is simple, efficient, the rate of recovery is high, vanadium recovery 90% or more, finished product purity is high, without it is dangerous, It is environmental-friendly.
Specific implementation mode
Technical scheme of the present invention is described in detail below.
The method that processing vanadium-containing waste liquid prepares sodium metavanadate, steps are as follows:
Electrolysis processing vanadium-containing waste liquid:The cathode chamber that vanadium-containing waste liquid is passed through to electrolytic cell carries out anode reaction, by vanadium-containing waste liquid Total Vanadium valence is electrolysed to pentavalent, obtains pentavalent vanadium solution;
Prepare sodium metavanadate crude product:Pentavalent vanadium solution alkali adjust pH value between 8~12, be evaporated later crystallization or Dilution crystallization obtains the mixed crystal of sodium metavanadate and sodium sulphate;
Sodium metavanadate crude product purifies:The mixed crystal of sodium metavanadate and sodium sulphate is dissolved with glycerine, and sodium metavanadate is insoluble In glycerine, sodium sulphate is soluble in glycerine, then filters, and insoluble matter filter residue is sodium metavanadate, with washes of absolute alcohol filter residue, filter residue Through dry to get to pure sodium metavanadate product, product purity reaches 99.5% or more.
The electrolytic cell material used is corrosion resistance high molecular material, such as can be polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride Any one of.Diaphragm is provided in electrolytic cell, diaphragm is cation-exchange membrane.Electrolytic cell is divided into electrolytic cell cathode chamber by diaphragm With electrolytic cell anode chamber.The anode of electrolytic cell can be one kind of stereotype, stainless steel or graphite cake.The cathode of electrolytic cell can be One kind in stereotype, DSA electrodes, graphite cake.
Alkali when adjusting pentavalent vanadium solution ph can be sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, one kind in sodium bicarbonate or It is several.
When preparing sodium metavanadate crude product, it is preferred to use the method for evaporating, concentrating and crystallizing obtains the crystalline substance of sodium metavanadate and sodium sulphate The temperature of body mixture, evaporating, concentrating and crystallizing can be 120~160 DEG C.
Operability in order to increase electrolysis processing vanadium-containing waste liquid step gives the reaction of anode reaction convenient for control Setting time, i.e. budget reaction time, reaction setting time are calculated by following steps:
The total V density C and average valence of pending vanadium-containing waste liquid are measured using the method for constant-current titration or chemistry titration M,
Wherein, total V density C=C (II)+C (III)+C (IV)+C (V),
Average valence M is:
C (II), C (III), C (IV), C (V) indicate the concentration of bivalent vanadium, the concentration of trivalent vanadium, four in vanadium-containing waste liquid respectively The concentration of valence vanadium, the concentration of pentavalent vanadium, unit are mol/L;
The reaction setting time t of anode reaction is:
Wherein, M is vanadium-containing waste liquid average valence;C is vanadium-containing waste liquid total V density, unit mol/L;V is vanadium-containing waste liquid Volume, unit L;NA is Avgadro constant, and numerical value is 6.02 × 1023;E be Single Electron carried charge, numerical value be 1.6 × 10-19, unit coulomb;I is Faradaic current, unit ampere.
After the reaction setting time t for calculating anode reaction, by pending vanadium-containing waste liquid be passed through electrolytic cell cathode chamber into Row anode reaction after anode reaction reaches reaction setting time t, carries out vanadium-containing waste liquid at this time using ultraviolet specrophotometer Scanning, if there is trivalent vanadium absorption peak or tetravalence vanadium absorption peak, then continues anode reaction, until ultraviolet specrophotometer Scanning only wavelength be 780 nanometers there are absorption peak, i.e. pentavalent vanadium absorption peak, electrolysis terminates, and obtains pentavalent vanadium solution, at this time The total Vanadium valence of vanadium-containing waste liquid is electrolysed to pentavalent.
The method of the present invention can be used for handling vanadium cell failure electrolyte or other liquid containing vanadic acid, wherein vanadium concentration 0.5~5.0M.
Embodiment
Failure electrolyte, a concentration of 1.76moL/L of failure electrolyte vanadium are handled using above method.Pass through chemistry titration Method measures pending failure a concentration of 1.76moL/L of electrolyte vanadium, average valence 3.6.Take failure electrolyte 1000mL in In the positive pond of electrolytic cell, pass through following formula:
It is calculated under 20A electric currents, budget electrolysis time is 3.2 hours.After the completion of electrolysis time, sampling carries out ultraviolet Test, no trivalent or tetravalence absorption peak are only 780 nanometers there are absorption peak, i.e. pentavalent vanadium absorption peak in wavelength, have been electrolysed At.Liquid after electrolysis is taken out from electrolytic cell, the sodium hydroxide solution for being added dropwise 40% adjusts pH to 10, is steamed at 140 DEG C Hair crystallization obtains solid, and stirring and dissolving 30min in glycerine is added in obtained solid later.Filtering, is used in combination washes of absolute alcohol to filter Slag obtains faint yellow sodium metavanadate crystal 197.67g, product purity 99.7%, vanadium recovery is after filter residue takes out drying 92.06%.
The design of the present invention is elaborated above in association with specific embodiment.Those of ordinary skill in the art are obtaining After obtaining above-mentioned introduction, creative work can not be taken above-mentioned specific implementation mode is adjusted, and obtains identical or phase Close technique effect, these are all construed as falling into claims of the present invention limited range.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of method that processing vanadium-containing waste liquid prepares sodium metavanadate, which is characterized in that steps are as follows:
Electrolysis processing vanadium-containing waste liquid:The cathode chamber that vanadium-containing waste liquid is passed through to electrolytic cell carries out anode reaction, by the total vanadium of vanadium-containing waste liquid Valence state is electrolysed to pentavalent, obtains pentavalent vanadium solution;
Prepare sodium metavanadate crude product:Pentavalent vanadium solution alkali adjusts pH value to 8~12, is evaporated crystallization or dissolved later Crystallization, obtains the mixed crystal of sodium metavanadate and sodium sulphate;
Sodium metavanadate crude product purifies:The mixed crystal of sodium metavanadate and sodium sulphate is dissolved with glycerine, is then filtered, with anhydrous second Alcohol cleans filter residue, and gained filter residue is through being dried to obtain pure sodium metavanadate product.
2. the method that processing vanadium-containing waste liquid according to claim 1 prepares sodium metavanadate, which is characterized in that the anode is anti- The reaction setting time answered is calculated by following steps:
Vanadium-containing waste liquid total V density C and average valence M are measured using the method for constant-current titration or chemistry titration,
Wherein, total V density C=C (II)+C (III)+C (IV)+C (V),
Average valence M is:
C (II), C (III), C (IV), C (V) indicate the concentration of bivalent vanadium, the concentration of trivalent vanadium, tetravalence vanadium in vanadium-containing waste liquid respectively Concentration, the concentration of pentavalent vanadium, unit is mol/L;
The reaction setting time t of anode reaction is:
Wherein, M is vanadium-containing waste liquid average valence;C is vanadium-containing waste liquid total V density, unit mol/L;V is vanadium-containing waste liquid volume, Unit L;NA is Avgadro constant, and numerical value is 6.02 × 1023;E is Single Electron carried charge, and numerical value is 1.6 × 10-19, Unit coulomb;I is Faradaic current, unit ampere.
3. the method that processing vanadium-containing waste liquid according to claim 2 prepares sodium metavanadate, which is characterized in that electrolysis processing contains Vanadium waste liquid step is:Vanadium-containing waste liquid is passed through electrolytic cell cathode chamber and carries out anode reaction, anode reaction reaches reaction setting time t Afterwards, vanadium-containing waste liquid at this time is scanned using ultraviolet specrophotometer, is inhaled if there is trivalent vanadium absorption peak or tetravalence vanadium Peak is received, then continues anode reaction, until only existing pentavalent vanadium absorption peak, obtains pentavalent vanadium solution, vanadium-containing waste liquid is total at this time Vanadium valence is electrolysed to pentavalent.
4. the method for preparing sodium metavanadate according to any processing vanadium-containing waste liquids of claim 1-3, which is characterized in that described The anode of electrolytic cell is one kind of stereotype, stainless steel or graphite cake.
5. the method that processing vanadium-containing waste liquid according to claim 4 prepares sodium metavanadate, which is characterized in that the electrolytic cell Cathode be stereotype, DSA electrodes, one kind in graphite cake.
6. the method that processing vanadium-containing waste liquid according to claim 5 prepares sodium metavanadate, which is characterized in that described to adjust five Valence vanadium solution pH value is one or more of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate with alkali.
7. the method that processing vanadium-containing waste liquid according to claim 6 prepares sodium metavanadate, which is characterized in that prepare metavanadic acid When sodium crude product, the mixed crystal of sodium metavanadate and sodium sulphate is obtained using the method for evaporative crystallization, the temperature of evaporative crystallization is 120~160 DEG C.
8. the method that processing vanadium-containing waste liquid according to claim 7 prepares sodium metavanadate, which is characterized in that the electrolytic cell Material be corrosion resistance high molecular material.
9. the method that processing vanadium-containing waste liquid according to claim 8 prepares sodium metavanadate, which is characterized in that described corrosion-resistant Property high molecular material be polyethylene, polypropylene, any one of polyvinyl chloride.
10. the method that processing vanadium-containing waste liquid according to claim 9 prepares sodium metavanadate, which is characterized in that the electrolysis The diaphragm of slot is cation-exchange membrane.
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