A method of processing vanadium-containing waste liquid prepares sodium metavanadate
Technical field
The present invention relates to devil liquor recovery processing technology field, more particularly to vanadium-containing waste liquid is recycled technical field.
Background technology
Vanadium redox battery possesses adjustable energy conversion efficiency height, capacity, service life length, high security
And advantages of environment protection, it is mainly used for the mating energy storage devices of electricity generation system of the regenerative resources such as solar energy, wind energy, power grid
Peak-clipping and valley-filling device and uninterruptible power supply and emergency power system.In vanadium cell, the energy content of battery is stored in the form of electrolyte
's.Full V electrolyte is the important component of vanadium cell, is the carrier of energy storage, electrolyte is by vanadium ion and sulfuric acid group
At anode is made of VO2+/VO2+ oxidation-reduction pairs, and cathode is made of V3+/V2+ group oxidation-reduction pairs.In recent years
Come, with the rise of vanadium cell, the output of full V electrolyte is increasing.
But as vanadium cell is used for a long time, battery system constantly carries out charge and discharge, the ionic species of V electrolyte
And content can change, and be mainly shown as that sulfate concentration, vanadium ion concentration increase, there is crystallization, precipitation in electrolyte, positive and negative
Pole vanadium ion valence state is unbalanced, foreign ion increases etc., and vanadium cell positive and negative anodes is caused to mismatch, and energy imbalance can not normally make
With.Although the method that can utilize electroreduction returns to original state vanadium ion valence state in electrolyte, by long-term
Recycling be electrolysed again, the impurity content in electrolyte is excessively high, and chemical property reduces, and impurity removal process is complex, it is difficult to will
Electrolyte is restored to initial performance, eventually leads to electrolyte and fails after long-time service, can not use.Also having been reported that at present is
Vanadium in waste liquid is extract in the form of vanadic anhydride or vanadic sulfate, but refines vanadic anhydride or vanadic sulfate work
Skill is complex, also needs to use the special equipments such as high temperature, high pressure, it is higher to refine cost.At present be limited by environmental protection etc. requirement and
The efficient utilization of resource, the processing for the electrolyte that fails are the urgent problems to be solved that many vanadium cell manufacturers face.
Equally, the problem of there is also liquid waste processings for vanadic sulfate preparation industry.Vanadic sulfate preparation process is usually sulphur
Acid dissolving vanadic anhydride, reducing agent reduction, evaporative crystallization, dehydration obtain vanadic sulfate.Vanadic sulfate produce after containing vanadium and
The liquid waste processing of acid, is the urgent problem to be solved that manufacturer faces.
For these reasons, it is necessary to the vanadium-containing waste liquid of relevant industries is studied, it is simple to seek a kind for the treatment of process,
The rate of recovery is high, the recovery and treatment method of profitable vanadium-containing waste liquid.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is attempting to find such a Moxifloxacin water injection, it is existing it is ideal use concentration,
Again the invention mainly solves the technical problem of providing a kind of method of processing vanadium-containing waste liquid, the processing of waste liquid can be not only solved
Problem reduces discharging of waste liquid, prevents environmental pollution, can more produce high value-added product, and this method step is simple, returns
High income, it is no dangerous, environmental-friendly.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:A kind of processing vanadium-containing waste liquid prepares metavanadic acid
The method of sodium, steps are as follows:
Electrolysis processing vanadium-containing waste liquid:The cathode chamber that vanadium-containing waste liquid is passed through to electrolytic cell carries out anode reaction, by vanadium-containing waste liquid
Total Vanadium valence is electrolysed to pentavalent, obtains pentavalent vanadium solution;
Prepare sodium metavanadate crude product:The pentavalent vanadium solution with alkali adjust pH value to 8~12, be evaporated later crystallization or
Dilution crystallization obtains the mixed crystal of sodium metavanadate and sodium sulphate;
Sodium metavanadate crude product purifies:The mixed crystal of sodium metavanadate and sodium sulphate is dissolved with glycerine, is then filtered, with nothing
Water-ethanol cleans filter residue, and gained filter residue is through being dried to obtain pure sodium metavanadate product.
Wherein, when electrolysis processing vanadium-containing waste liquid, the reaction setting time of anode reaction is calculated by following steps:
Vanadium-containing waste liquid total V density C and average valence M are measured using the method for constant-current titration or chemistry titration,
Wherein, total V density C=C (II)+C (III)+C (IV)+C (V),
Average valence M is:
C (II), C (III), C (IV), C (V) indicate the concentration of bivalent vanadium, the concentration of trivalent vanadium, four in vanadium-containing waste liquid respectively
The concentration of valence vanadium, the concentration of pentavalent vanadium, unit are mol/L;
The reaction setting time t of anode reaction is:
Wherein, M is vanadium-containing waste liquid average valence;C is vanadium-containing waste liquid total V density, unit mol/L;V is vanadium-containing waste liquid
Volume, unit L;NAFor Avgadro constant, numerical value is 6.02 × 1023;E be Single Electron carried charge, numerical value be 1.6 ×
10-19, unit coulomb;I is Faradaic current, unit ampere.
Preferably, electrolysis processing vanadium-containing waste liquid step is:Vanadium-containing waste liquid is passed through electrolytic cell cathode chamber and carries out anode reaction,
After anode reaction reaches reaction setting time t, vanadium-containing waste liquid at this time is scanned using ultraviolet specrophotometer, if deposited
In trivalent vanadium absorption peak or tetravalence vanadium absorption peak, then continue anode reaction, until pentavalent vanadium absorption peak is only existed, it is purple at this time
The scanning of outer spectrophotometer is only 780 nanometers there are pentavalent vanadium absorption peak in wavelength, and electrolysis terminates, and it is molten to obtain pentavalent vanadium
Liquid, at this time the total Vanadium valence of vanadium-containing waste liquid be electrolysed to pentavalent.
The anode of the electrolytic cell is one kind of stereotype, stainless steel or graphite cake.
The cathode of the electrolytic cell is one kind in stereotype, DSA electrodes, graphite cake.
The adjusting pentavalent vanadium solution ph is one or more of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate with alkali.
When preparing sodium metavanadate crude product, the crystal that sodium metavanadate and sodium sulphate are obtained using the method for evaporative crystallization is mixed
The temperature of object, evaporative crystallization is 120~160 DEG C.
The material of the electrolytic cell is corrosion resistance high molecular material.
Preferably, the corrosion resistance high molecular material is any one of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride.
The diaphragm of the electrolytic cell is cation-exchange membrane.
Vanadium ion in vanadium-containing waste liquid, is all electrolysed extremely by the method for processing vanadium-containing waste liquid provided by the invention by being electrolysed
Then the obtained pentavalent V electrolyte of electrolysis is added alkali and adjusts pH value to 8-12, later evaporative crystallization or dilution crystallization by pentavalent,
The mixed crystal of sodium metavanadate and sodium sulphate is obtained, obtained mixed crystal obtains pure sodium metavanadate product after cleaning with glycerine.
Processing procedure is simple, easy to operate, does not use any organic or inorganic oxidant, does not generate gas, safe and harmless.Production obtained
Product sodium metavanadate is white or flaxen crystal, molecular formula NaVO3, can be used as chemical reagent, catalyst, drier, matchmaker
Stain manufactures ammonium vanadate and potassium metavanadate, is also used for medical treatment photograph, plant inoculating and corrosion inhibitor etc..In recent years, with associated row
The demand of the development of industry, sodium metavanadate is increasing, and price is also higher and higher.
The method of the present invention can be used for handling vanadium cell failure electrolyte or other liquid containing vanadic acid, can not only solve vanadium electricity
The process problem of pond failure electrolyte, can also produce high value-added product, reduce vanadium cell cost, increase economic effect
Benefit.Compared with traditional technique for making raw material production sodium metavanadate with vanadic anhydride, the method for the present invention will be lost using electrolysis
Vanadium valence in effect electrolyte or liquid containing vanadic acid is electrolysed to pentavalent, and sodium metavanadate, work are obtained after overregulating pH, crystallization, removal of impurities
Skill is simple, easy to operate, no dangerous, non-environmental-pollution.Inclined vanadium is made by the electrolyte of vanadium redox battery of failure or containing vanadium containing acid waste liquid
Sour sodium can not only solve the process problem of waste liquid, reduce discharging of waste liquid, prevent environmental pollution, can more produce high additional
The product of value.This method step is simple, efficient, the rate of recovery is high, vanadium recovery 90% or more, finished product purity is high, without it is dangerous,
It is environmental-friendly.
Specific implementation mode
Technical scheme of the present invention is described in detail below.
The method that processing vanadium-containing waste liquid prepares sodium metavanadate, steps are as follows:
Electrolysis processing vanadium-containing waste liquid:The cathode chamber that vanadium-containing waste liquid is passed through to electrolytic cell carries out anode reaction, by vanadium-containing waste liquid
Total Vanadium valence is electrolysed to pentavalent, obtains pentavalent vanadium solution;
Prepare sodium metavanadate crude product:Pentavalent vanadium solution alkali adjust pH value between 8~12, be evaporated later crystallization or
Dilution crystallization obtains the mixed crystal of sodium metavanadate and sodium sulphate;
Sodium metavanadate crude product purifies:The mixed crystal of sodium metavanadate and sodium sulphate is dissolved with glycerine, and sodium metavanadate is insoluble
In glycerine, sodium sulphate is soluble in glycerine, then filters, and insoluble matter filter residue is sodium metavanadate, with washes of absolute alcohol filter residue, filter residue
Through dry to get to pure sodium metavanadate product, product purity reaches 99.5% or more.
The electrolytic cell material used is corrosion resistance high molecular material, such as can be polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride
Any one of.Diaphragm is provided in electrolytic cell, diaphragm is cation-exchange membrane.Electrolytic cell is divided into electrolytic cell cathode chamber by diaphragm
With electrolytic cell anode chamber.The anode of electrolytic cell can be one kind of stereotype, stainless steel or graphite cake.The cathode of electrolytic cell can be
One kind in stereotype, DSA electrodes, graphite cake.
Alkali when adjusting pentavalent vanadium solution ph can be sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, one kind in sodium bicarbonate or
It is several.
When preparing sodium metavanadate crude product, it is preferred to use the method for evaporating, concentrating and crystallizing obtains the crystalline substance of sodium metavanadate and sodium sulphate
The temperature of body mixture, evaporating, concentrating and crystallizing can be 120~160 DEG C.
Operability in order to increase electrolysis processing vanadium-containing waste liquid step gives the reaction of anode reaction convenient for control
Setting time, i.e. budget reaction time, reaction setting time are calculated by following steps:
The total V density C and average valence of pending vanadium-containing waste liquid are measured using the method for constant-current titration or chemistry titration
M,
Wherein, total V density C=C (II)+C (III)+C (IV)+C (V),
Average valence M is:
C (II), C (III), C (IV), C (V) indicate the concentration of bivalent vanadium, the concentration of trivalent vanadium, four in vanadium-containing waste liquid respectively
The concentration of valence vanadium, the concentration of pentavalent vanadium, unit are mol/L;
The reaction setting time t of anode reaction is:
Wherein, M is vanadium-containing waste liquid average valence;C is vanadium-containing waste liquid total V density, unit mol/L;V is vanadium-containing waste liquid
Volume, unit L;NA is Avgadro constant, and numerical value is 6.02 × 1023;E be Single Electron carried charge, numerical value be 1.6 ×
10-19, unit coulomb;I is Faradaic current, unit ampere.
After the reaction setting time t for calculating anode reaction, by pending vanadium-containing waste liquid be passed through electrolytic cell cathode chamber into
Row anode reaction after anode reaction reaches reaction setting time t, carries out vanadium-containing waste liquid at this time using ultraviolet specrophotometer
Scanning, if there is trivalent vanadium absorption peak or tetravalence vanadium absorption peak, then continues anode reaction, until ultraviolet specrophotometer
Scanning only wavelength be 780 nanometers there are absorption peak, i.e. pentavalent vanadium absorption peak, electrolysis terminates, and obtains pentavalent vanadium solution, at this time
The total Vanadium valence of vanadium-containing waste liquid is electrolysed to pentavalent.
The method of the present invention can be used for handling vanadium cell failure electrolyte or other liquid containing vanadic acid, wherein vanadium concentration
0.5~5.0M.
Embodiment
Failure electrolyte, a concentration of 1.76moL/L of failure electrolyte vanadium are handled using above method.Pass through chemistry titration
Method measures pending failure a concentration of 1.76moL/L of electrolyte vanadium, average valence 3.6.Take failure electrolyte 1000mL in
In the positive pond of electrolytic cell, pass through following formula:
It is calculated under 20A electric currents, budget electrolysis time is 3.2 hours.After the completion of electrolysis time, sampling carries out ultraviolet
Test, no trivalent or tetravalence absorption peak are only 780 nanometers there are absorption peak, i.e. pentavalent vanadium absorption peak in wavelength, have been electrolysed
At.Liquid after electrolysis is taken out from electrolytic cell, the sodium hydroxide solution for being added dropwise 40% adjusts pH to 10, is steamed at 140 DEG C
Hair crystallization obtains solid, and stirring and dissolving 30min in glycerine is added in obtained solid later.Filtering, is used in combination washes of absolute alcohol to filter
Slag obtains faint yellow sodium metavanadate crystal 197.67g, product purity 99.7%, vanadium recovery is after filter residue takes out drying
92.06%.
The design of the present invention is elaborated above in association with specific embodiment.Those of ordinary skill in the art are obtaining
After obtaining above-mentioned introduction, creative work can not be taken above-mentioned specific implementation mode is adjusted, and obtains identical or phase
Close technique effect, these are all construed as falling into claims of the present invention limited range.