A kind of pretreating process of the high-quality base oil of waste lubricant oil regeneration
Technical field
The invention belongs to waste lubricant oil regeneration, petrochemical industries, are related to a kind of high-quality base oil of waste lubricant oil regeneration
Pretreating process.
Background technology
With the industries such as engineering machinery, electric power, automobile, steel, ship, lathe rapid growth and equipment technology not
Disconnected to be promoted, the limited petroleum reserves of sharp increase and the whole world of demand for lubricating oil has caused the drastically liter of petroleum product price
Height was therefore, in the past insufficient as the way of fuel oil by waste lubricating oil in the case where international crude oil price rises year by year
It takes, it is opposite, the base oil not gone bad in waste lubricating oil is subject to recycling, environmental protection is not only improved, reduces dirt
Dye, can also push the sound development of environmental protection industry.
Lubricating oil loses seldom during use, but due to rigorous service condition, by heavy metal, dust, water, lightweight
Fuel, carbon particle, colloid, asphalitine and the pollution of the additive of degradation, these additives and pollutant have seriously affected useless lubrication
The safety and long-term operation of Decvice for regeneration of oils.In Spent lube reclamation process, part organic chloride, which encounters high temperature, to be occurred
Hydrolysis generates hydrogen chloride, causes to corrode to the low temperature position of device, and unhydrolysed organochlorine enters subsequent hydrogenation plant,
Organic chloride translates into hydrogen chloride, and hydrogen chloride is respectively formed hydrochloric acid and ammonium chloride with water and ammonia, and corrosion is caused simultaneously to equipment
Block pipeline, device can be caused to be forced shut-down (breakdown) mainteance when serious;When with solvent refining waste lubricating oil, due to depositing for detergent-dispersant additive
, cause waste lubricating oil interface in solvent refining unclear, separation is difficult, when distillation easily on fractionating tower tray incrustation, influence
Its normal operating;Due to the presence of detergent-dispersant additive, many solids are disperseed in the oil with colloidal state in waste lubricating oil, high
Pyrolysis occurs for detergent-dispersant additive under the conditions of temperature, and the solids of these colloidal states get off with regard to flocking settling, cause stove
Blockage, heat exchanger blocks and column plate coking.Therefore, pretreatment unit is the key that entire producing base oil by regenerating waste lubricating oil ring
Section.
CN104560147B discloses a kind of base oil for waste lubricating oil reclaiming and carries out desulfurization and aromatic hydrocarbon
Method, process include extraction processing procedure, centrifugation processing procedure, short distance rectifying processing procedure and shared device processing procedure etc..Wherein extraction system
Journey is by NMP(N-Methyl pyrrolidone)Reclaimed Base Oil is extracted for extractant, the method is except energy deep desulfuration and removing
Outside aromatic hydrocarbons, moreover it is possible to reduce coloration, improve flash-point and viscosity index (VI).
CN104099171B discloses a kind of continuous distillation process for waste lubricant oil regeneration, process include waste oil with
Heat transfer process, visbreaking thermal treatment unit and flash distillation-vacuum distillation unit of the cutting fraction of distillation.It can be with by visbreaking heat treatment
The effective peace and quiet dispersing additive abolished in waste oil, enable in waste oil the suspended impurities such as metal are easier to deposit,
A part of Metal Salts and corrosive organic acid are also made to decompose or go bad simultaneously, it, can be effective using flash distillation-vacuum distillation
Light component and base oil fractions are extracted.
CN100334189C discloses a kind of process for regeneration of waste lubricating oil, and process includes clean unit, alkane solvents
Extraction cells, fractionation unit.By using alkane solvents extraction instead of pickling and clay-filtered, avoids generating acid sludge and cause two
Secondary pollution.
Waste lubricant oil regeneration uses traditional acid-distillation-carclazyte technique that can only obtain, and color is deep, taste is pungent, viscosity refers to
The relatively low Reclaimed Base Oil of number.The new pollution-free regeneration technology of developed recently, although molecule short-path distillation, film evaporation technique,
The preconditioning techniques such as solvent refining have certain industrialization effect, but these technologies are all unification technologies, to waste lubricating oil
Pretreatment do not formed and a set of perfect comprehensive process program, waste lubricating oil synthesis recycled to recycle less efficient.In order to
Ensure the long-term operation of producing base oil by regenerating waste lubricating oil device, it is useless how waste lubricating oil effectively destroys in pretreatment process
Additive in oil, removing middle ash content, organochlorine, mechanical admixture, colloid, asphalitine and the metal of waste oil becomes particularly important.
Invention content
The invention reside in a kind of pretreating process of the high-quality base oil of waste lubricant oil regeneration is provided, can not only solve organic
Chlorine burn into line clogging and the problems such as catalyst poisoning caused by regenerator for waste lubricating oil, can also solve due to clear
Net dispersant and other surfactants be easy to cause emulsification in solvent refining, keep two-phase laminated flow difficult, interface is unclear to ask
Topic, improves the yield of refined oil, and provide quality raw materials for subsequent hydrogenation plant.
To solve the above-mentioned problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention include chemical reaction dechlorination, catalytic hydroprocessing thermal decomposition,
Atmospheric flashing, propane is refined, NMP or furfural extraction step:
(1) dechlorination is chemically reacted:After waste lubricating oil containing organochlorine carries out dehydrating and removing impurities, enter with stirring after heat exchange
The dechlorination reaction device of device, chemical reaction dechlorination are in the presence of accelerating agent, and antichlor is under certain temperature and pressure and useless
Organochlorine in lubricating oil reacts, and the operating condition for chemically reacting dechlorination is:Reaction temperature is 260-370 DEG C, reaction pressure
Power is normal pressure.
(2) catalytic hydroprocessing thermally decomposes:Waste lubricating oil after chemical reaction dechlorination enters after heat-exchange system exchanges heat faces hydrogen
Catalytic Thermal Decomposition reactor, the operating condition for facing hydrogen heat treatment reactor are:Reaction temperature is 270-380 DEG C, and the reaction time is
30-120min, reaction pressure 0-0.8MPa.
(3) atmospheric flashing:Waste lubricating oil after catalytic hydroprocessing thermal decomposition enters atmospheric flash tower dehydration and extracts light oil, often
Pressure flash distillation operating condition be:Atmospheric flash tower inlet temperature is 170-240 DEG C.
(4) propane is refined:Waste lubricating oil enters propane refined unit, propane after atmospheric flash tower removes water and light oil
After being mixed with waste lubricating oil, the condensation product that additive in waste lubricating oil and high-temperature oxydation can be generated, colloid, asphalitine,
The metal salt that organic Acids eat metals generate, and other mechanical admixtures are precipitated out, and it is molten that base oil is retained in propane
In liquid, propane is boiled off and can be obtained by propane refined oil, propane purification operations condition is:Temperature is 70-95 DEG C, pressure 4-
6MPa。
(5) NMP or furfural extraction:NMP or furfural be a kind of selectivity compared with strong the lower solvent of solvability, it is right
Different hydro carbons has different solubility in waste lubricating oil fraction, the aromatic hydrocarbon and cycloalkane of polycyclic short-side chain, colloid, sulphur and nitrogen
Compound etc.(Undesirable components)Solubility in NMP or furfural is larger, the hydro carbons of the long side chain of few ring(Ideal composition)
Solubility in NMP or furfural is small, using this property, make waste lubricating oil raw material in extraction tower with NMP or furfural
Counter current contacting separates the different two-phase of severe under less than oil product critical temperature condition, then utilizes severe poor, makes non-ideal
Component is Extract by the outflow of extraction tower bottom, and ideal composition is refined liquid by the outflow of extracting tower top, after steaming solvent respectively, you can
Obtain tapped oil and refined oil.
Advantages of the present invention:
(1) the chlorohydrocarbon in waste lubricating oil can be effectively removed by chemically reacting dechlorination, solve organochlorine to waste lubricating oil
The problems such as burn into line clogging caused by regenerating unit and catalyst poisoning.
(2) catalytic hydroprocessing thermal decomposition can destroy the additive in waste lubricating oil in fairly simple method, and ash-forming material is a large amount of
It is converted into the residue that can be filtered to remove, interface is unclear when solving refined propane, NMP or furfural extraction, detaches difficulty
Problem.
(3) propane extracting can be by condensation product, colloid, asphalitine, the metal of additive and oxidation generation in waste lubricating oil
Salt and other type contamination precipitations come out, and ash content is down to 0.02% or less.
(4) utilize NMP or furfural extraction that there is the spy of different solubilities to various hydro carbons contained in waste lubricating oil raw material
Property, the solubility of undesirable components in a solvent is bigger, and the solubility of ideal composition in a solvent is smaller, in certain item
Under part, it can incite somebody to action
Ideal composition and undesirable components in waste lubricating oil raw material separate, and good original is provided for subsequent hydrofinishing
Material ensures hydrogenation plant safety, steady, long-term operation.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the process flow chart of the present invention.
A is raw material in Fig. 1, and b is dehydrating and removing impurities, and c is chemical reaction dechlorination, and d is to face hydrogen heat treatment, and e is atmospheric flashing, f
Refined for propane, g is NMP or furfural extraction.
Specific implementation mode
Below in conjunction with the specific embodiment technical solution that present invention be described in more detail, further refinement illustrates every
A processing step.
Embodiment 1.
As shown in Figure 1, from tank field come waste lubricating oil raw material after dehydrating and removing impurities, raw material by heat exchange to 335 DEG C enter band
There is the dechlorination reaction device of agitating device, carries out dechlorination reaction;Enter subsequently into heating furnace, after being heated to 380 DEG C and faces hydrogen and urge
Thermal decomposition reactor stops 30min at 380 DEG C;Catalytic hydroprocessing thermal decomposition after waste lubricating oil enter heat exchanger exchanged heat to
170 DEG C, into atmospheric flash tower, remove moisture and light oil;To 95 DEG C, then raw material after removing moisture and light oil exchanges heat
6.0MPa, which is boosted to, by pump enters propane refined unit, additive and high-temperature oxydation generate in waste lubricating oil condensation product,
The metal salt that colloid, asphalitine, organic Acids eat metals generate, and other mechanical admixtures are protected from extraction tower bottom discharge
It stays in base oil in propane solution to flow out from tower top, propane is boiled off, propane refined oil just can be obtained;Propane refined oil is through heat exchange
It is afterwards 1 according to the volume ratio of propane refined oil and furfural:1.5 ratio enters furfural extraction unit, and propane refined oil is from extracting
Tower middle and lower part enters in tower, and the furfural of recycling is introduced through exchanging heat and being cooled to proper temperature from tower top, makes waste lubricating oil raw material
With furfural counter current contacting in extraction tower, the aromatic hydrocarbon and cycloalkane, glue of the polycyclic short-side chain in waste lubricating oil are further removed
The undesirable components such as matter, sulphur and nitrogen compound, make undesirable components by extraction tower bottom of tower outflow be Extract, ideal composition by
The outflow of extraction tower tower top is refined liquid, can must raffinate oil after boiling off solvent and refined oil, refined oil can enter subsequent add
Hydrogen production device.
Embodiment 2.
As shown in Figure 1, from tank field come waste lubricating oil raw material after dehydrating and removing impurities, raw material by heat exchange to 370 DEG C enter band
There is the dechlorination reaction device of agitating device, carries out dechlorination reaction;Subsequently into catalytic hydroprocessing thermal decomposition reactor, stopped at 370 DEG C
80min;Waste lubricating oil after catalytic hydroprocessing thermal decomposition enters heat exchanger and is exchanged heat to 240 DEG C, into atmospheric flash tower, removes water
Point and light oil;Raw material after removing moisture and light oil exchanges heat to 70 DEG C, and then boosting to 4.0MPa by pump enters propane
Refined unit, condensation product, colloid, asphalitine, the organic Acids eat metals that additive and high-temperature oxydation generate in waste lubricating oil
The metal salt of generation, and other mechanical admixture is from extraction tower bottom discharge is retained in propane solution base oil from tower top
Outflow, propane is boiled off, propane refined oil just can be obtained;Propane refined oil is after heat exchange according to the volume of propane refined oil and NMP
Than being 1:1 ratio enters NMP extraction units, and propane refined oil enters from extraction tower middle and lower part in tower, and the NMP of recycling is through heat exchange
It is introduced from tower top with proper temperature is cooled to, waste lubricating oil raw material is made, with NMP counter current contactings, further to be removed in extraction tower
The undesirable components such as the aromatic hydrocarbon and cycloalkane, colloid, sulphur and nitrogen compound of the polycyclic short-side chain in waste lubricating oil, make unreasonably
Think that component by the outflow of extraction tower bottom of tower is Extract, ideal composition is refined liquid by the outflow of extraction tower tower top, is boiled off after solvent i.e.
It can must raffinate oil and refined oil, refined oil can enter subsequent hydrogenation plant.
Embodiment 3.
As shown in Figure 1, from tank field come waste lubricating oil raw material after dehydrating and removing impurities, raw material by heat exchange to 260 DEG C enter band
There is the dechlorination reaction device of agitating device, carries out dechlorination reaction;Subsequently into heat exchanger, is exchanged heat to entering after 270 DEG C and face hydrogen and urge
Thermal decomposition reactor stops 120min at 270 DEG C;Catalytic hydroprocessing thermal decomposition after waste lubricating oil enter heat exchanger exchanged heat to
210 DEG C, into atmospheric flash tower, remove moisture and light oil;To 80 DEG C, then raw material after removing moisture and light oil exchanges heat
5.5MPa, which is boosted to, by pump enters propane refined unit, additive and high-temperature oxydation generate in waste lubricating oil condensation product,
The metal salt that colloid, asphalitine, organic Acids eat metals generate, and other mechanical admixtures are protected from extraction tower bottom discharge
It stays in base oil in propane solution to flow out from tower top, propane is boiled off, propane refined oil just can be obtained;Propane refined oil is through heat exchange
It is afterwards 1 according to the volume ratio of propane refined oil and furfural:2 ratio enters furfural extraction unit, and propane refined oil is from extraction tower
Middle and lower part enters in tower, and the furfural of recycling is introduced through exchanging heat and being cooled to proper temperature from tower top, and waste lubricating oil raw material is made to exist
In extraction tower with furfural counter current contacting, further remove the polycyclic short-side chain in waste lubricating oil aromatic hydrocarbon and cycloalkane, colloid,
The undesirable components such as sulphur and nitrogen compound, it is Extract so that undesirable components is flowed out by extraction tower bottom of tower, and ideal composition is by taking out
Stripper overhead outflow is refined liquid, can must raffinate oil after boiling off solvent and refined oil, refined oil can enter subsequent plus hydrogen
Device.
Crude lube stock and its typical products property are as shown in table 1 in embodiment.
Crude lube stock and its typical products property in 1. embodiment of table