CN108587714A - A kind of sodium base lignite and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of sodium base lignite and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of preparation methods of sodium base lignite, belong to colliery engineering field, include the following steps：Lignite, sodium hydroxide and water are mixed into progress alkali process and obtain sodium base lignite；The lignite includes lignite raw coal or demineralization lignite.The present invention makes the carboxyl functional group in lignite form stable carboxylate with sodium ion by carrying out processing with sodium hydroxide solution, this carboxylate stablized makes 300~400 DEG C of the corresponding temperature lag of the maximum combustion reaction rate of lignite, can mitigate lignite spontaneous combustion caused by high self-ignition index during production, storage, utilization, transport etc. in this way.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to colliery engineering fields more particularly to a kind of sodium base lignite and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Main energy sources of the coal as China, high-efficiency cleaning are more important using the pollution that can not only mitigate to environment
Be its become a kind of resource and important industrial chemicals.As world energy sources supply the variation of form, a large amount of lignite, secondary cigarette
The low-order coals such as coal are produced, and wherein the potential value and its relevant technologies of lignite are by the extensive attention of energy circle, and lignite is in
Occupy prodigious ratio in state's coal reserves.
Lignite has complicated structure, mainly by three-dimensional macromolecule network, various small organic molecules and inorganic material group
At.Volatile materials present in lignite and oxygen-containing functional group are far above high-order coal.These design features make lignite has to be permitted
More disadvantages, if moisture and volatile content are high, calorific value is low, and ignition temperature is low, and big disadvantage is inclined in spontaneous combustion, these disadvantages are very big
Ground limits the utilization of lignite.Lignite in air oxygen react may cause coal mine and windrow self-heating and it is subsequent from
Combustion, so as to cause serious safety problem and property loss.At present, it has been proposed that many different technologies come prevent coal from
Combustion.In these techniques, the use of physics inhibitor such as retardant is one of common prevention technique of coal mine, this method is mainly led to
The contact of isolation coal oxygen or water conservation moisturizing are crossed to inhibit coal spontaneous combustion, but due to the effect of air-flow and moisture, their inhibition is not
It can keep for a long time.And chemical inhibitor can be reacted with the active function groups on coal surface, and it is existing anti-in the process to destroy coal oxidation
Chain is answered, the generation of coal spontaneous combustion is inhibited, however the distribution of functional group is different because of coal, the chemical inhibitor of report has ignored these functions
The variation of group and coal texture diversity, and chemical inhibitor also has disadvantage, inhibits when such as being combined with certain form of coal
Effect is unstable.Therefore, suitable inhibitor is selected to be necessary for giving the coal of type.Such as Chinese patent
CN103602339A discloses a kind of polymer-based retardant and preparation method thereof inhibiting lignite self-ignition of coal pile, passes through preparation
Polymerization inhibitor inhibits the method that lignite burns complex using polymerization inhibitor in turn.
Invention content
In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of sodium base lignite and preparation method thereof.The present invention is by with hydrogen
Sodium oxide molybdena is handled, and the carboxyl functional group in lignite is made to form stable carboxylate with sodium ion, makes the maximum combustion of lignite
Burn corresponding 300~400 DEG C of the temperature lag of reaction rate.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides following technical scheme：
The present invention provides a kind of preparation methods of sodium base lignite, include the following steps：
Lignite, sodium hydroxide and water are mixed and carry out alkali process, obtains sodium base lignite；The lignite include lignite raw coal or
Demineralization lignite.
Preferably, the average grain diameter of the lignite raw coal is 0.150~0.180mm.
Preferably, the average grain diameter of the demineralization lignite is 0.075~0.150mm.
Preferably, the lignite raw coal further includes being dried before carrying out alkali process.
Preferably, the temperature of the drying process is 100~120 DEG C, and the time of the drying is 3~5h.
Preferably, the lignite and the amount ratio of sodium hydroxide and water are 1g：0.2~0.4g：10ml.
Preferably, the time of the alkali process is 3~5h.
The present invention also provides the sodium base lignite that the above method is prepared, the maximum combustion reaction speed of the sodium base lignite
The corresponding temperature of rate lags 300~400 DEG C compared with raw coal.
The present invention makes the carboxyl functional group in lignite be formd with sodium ion stable by being handled with sodium hydroxide
Carboxylic acid sodium salt, this carboxylate stablized make 300~400 DEG C of the corresponding temperature lag of the maximum combustion reaction rate of lignite.This
Sample can mitigate lignite spontaneous combustion caused by high self-ignition index during production, storage, utilization, transport etc..
Description of the drawings
The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that the present invention carries out lignite alkali process；
Fig. 2 is the electronic scanner microscope phenogram of demineralization lignite, sodium base lignite and acid processing lignite；
Fig. 3 is the FTIR figures of demineralization lignite in embodiment 1 and comparative example 1, sodium base lignite and acid processing lignite；
Fig. 4 is the XPS spectrum figure of demineralization lignite, sodium base lignite and acid processing lignite, as a comparison with sodium benzoate；
Fig. 5 is the TG/DTG curve graphs of demineralization lignite, sodium base lignite and acid processing lignite；
Fig. 6 is the TG/DTG curve graphs of sodium base lignite in lignite raw coal and embodiment 2~4.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention provides a kind of preparation methods of sodium base lignite, include the following steps：
Lignite, sodium hydroxide and water are mixed and carry out alkali process, obtains sodium base lignite；The lignite include lignite raw coal or
Demineralization lignite.
In the present invention, the time of the alkali process is preferably 3~5h, more preferably 4h.
In the present invention, as shown in Figure 1, by being handled with sodium hydroxide, make the carboxyl functional group in lignite and sodium
Ion forms stable carboxylate, this carboxylate stablized makes the corresponding temperature lag of maximum combustion reaction rate of lignite
300~400 DEG C.
In the present invention, the average grain diameter of the lignite raw coal is preferably 0.150~0.180mm, more preferably 0.160~
0.170mm。
The method that the present invention reaches lignite raw coal the average grain diameter is not particularly limited, and selects those skilled in the art
Well known method.
In the present invention, the lignite raw coal is preferably dried before carrying out alkali process.
In the present invention, the drying process temperature is preferably 100~120 DEG C, more preferably 105~110 DEG C；It is described dry
The time of dry processing is preferably 3~5h, more preferably 4~4.5h.
In the present invention, the amount ratio of the lignite, sodium hydroxide and water is preferably 1g：0.2~0.4g：10ml, it is more excellent
It is selected as 1g：0.4g：10ml.
In the present invention, the inorganic base is preferably added as an aqueous solution, and the concentration of the sodium hydrate aqueous solution is excellent
It is selected as 0.5~1.0mol/L, more preferably 1.0mol/L.
The present invention is not particularly limited the mode of the mixing of lignite, inorganic base and water, selects those skilled in the art ripe
The hybrid mode known.
In the present invention, the average grain diameter of the demineralization lignite is preferably 0.075~0.150mm, more preferably 0.010~
0.130mm。
The method that the present invention reaches the grain size to the demineralization lignite is not particularly limited, and selects those skilled in the art
Well known method.
In the present invention, the preparation method of the demineralization lignite preferably includes following steps:
Lignite raw coal is mixed to the sour processing of progress with hydrochloric acid solution, obtains incomplete demineralization lignite；
The incomplete demineralization lignite is mixed with hydrofluoric acid solution and carries out demineralization processing, obtains demineralization lignite.
Lignite raw coal and mixed in hydrochloric acid are carried out sour processing by the present invention, obtain incomplete demineralization lignite.
In the present invention, the grain size of lignite raw coal is preferably 0.075~0.150mm in the acid treatment step, more preferably
For 0.010~0.013mm.
In the present invention, lignite raw coal preferably further includes drying steps before the acid processing.
In the present invention, the temperature of the drying is preferably 100~110 DEG C, more preferably 105 DEG C, the drying process
Time be preferably 3~5h, more preferably 4h.
In the present invention, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is preferably 15%~25%, and more preferably 18%~20%.In the present invention
In, the amount ratio of the lignite raw coal and hydrochloric acid is preferably 1g：6~12mL, more preferably 1g：10mL.
In the present invention, the time of the acid processing is preferably 10~20h, more preferably 12~16h；The acid processing
Temperature is preferably room temperature.
In the present invention, further preferably include being dried before the acid processing.
In the present invention, the temperature of the drying process is preferably 100~110 DEG C, more preferably 105 DEG C, the drying
The time of processing is preferably 3~5h, more preferably 4h.
In the present invention, preferably further include being separated by solid-liquid separation and being washed successively after the acid processing, not exclusively taken off
Mine lignite.The present invention is not particularly limited the method for being separated by solid-liquid separation, washing, and selects solid-liquid well known to those skilled in the art point
From method.
After obtaining incomplete demineralization lignite, the acid is handled lignite and mixes progress demineralization processing with hydrofluoric acid by the present invention,
Obtain demineralization lignite.
The concentration of the hydrofluoric acid solution is preferably 40% in the present invention.
In the present invention, the amount ratio of the incomplete demineralization lignite and hydrofluoric acid is preferably 1g：5~10mL, more preferably
For 1g：6mL.
In the present invention, preferably further include being washed successively, being dried to obtain demineralization lignite after the demineralization processing.
The present invention is not particularly limited the method for washing, selects method for washing well known to those skilled in the art,
To can't detect fluorine ion, the present invention preferably uses CaCl for washing2Fluorine ion is detected.
In the present invention, the temperature of the drying is preferably 100~110 DEG C, more preferably 105 DEG C, the drying when
Between preferably 3~5h, more preferably 4h.
In the present invention, the time of the alkali process is preferably 3~5h, more preferably 4h；The temperature of the alkali process is excellent
It is selected as room temperature.
The present invention also provides the sodium base lignite that the above method is prepared, the corresponding temperature of maximum combustion reaction rate
300~400 DEG C are lagged compared with raw coal
Sodium base lignite provided by the invention and preparation method thereof is described in detail with reference to embodiment, but not
They can be interpreted as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
(1) lignite raw coal is crushed and is ground into the fine powder that average grain diameter is 0.075mm-0.150mm, then at 105 DEG C
Lower dry 4h.By lignite raw coal with about 19% HCl with 1g：The ratio of 10ml mixes, and 12h is stirred at room temperature.Vacuum mistake
Filter obtains filter cake, is continuously rinsed with distilled water and removes remaining chlorion, 105 DEG C of dry 4h obtain solid.The solid that will be obtained
With HF with about 1g：The ratio of 6mL mixes, and then stirs 12h, and supernatant is outwelled and is washed until using CaCl2The method of detection
It can't detect F-, 105 DEG C of dry 4h obtain demineralization lignite.Table 1 be in lignite raw coal, HCl treatment and hydrofluoric acid treatment coal metal from
The content of son.
The percentage composition (wt%) of metal ion in 1 coal of table and corresponding coal ash
(2) demineralization lignite is added to (1g in the NaOH aqueous solutions of 1mol/L：10ml), 4h is stirred at room temperature, is filtered
To solid, it is used in combination deionized water continuously to rinse solid until the pH of supernatant becomes about 7.0, obtained solid is done at 105 DEG C
Dry 4h obtains sodium base lignite.
Comparative example 1
Sodium base lignite in embodiment 1 and about 19% (wt) HCl are pressed into 1g:4h is mixed in 6ml ratios, is washed to no Cl-
105 DEG C of drying afterwards obtain the lignite of acid processing.
Fig. 2 is the electronic scanner microscope phenogram of demineralization lignite, sodium base lignite and acid processing lignite.After demineralization
Lignite (a1) present lamellar structure, edge is irregular, frangible than more loose；Sodium base lignite (b1) lamellar structure unobvious cause
It is close solid non-friable；Acid treated coal sample (c1) lamellar structure displays again again, and robustness is therebetween.
Each sample sodium element region EDS maps are clear that, sodium base lignite sodium element (b2) distribution uniform, and other two
Sample does not detect sodium element, while carrying out EDS tests to sample, such as Fig. 2 (b3), (c2) Elemental redistribution corresponding with table 1
Content it is all explainable, Na elements account for 6.40% (each element content such as 2 institute of table of total element wt in NaOH treated coal samples
Show), after HCl treatment, sodium ion component is removed from coal sample.
The EDS elements composition of 2 sodium base lignite of table and acid processing lignite
FT-IR (500~4000cm are carried out to demineralization lignite, sodium base lignite and acid processing lignite-1) characterization, result is as schemed
Shown in 3, functional group's variation of coal sample is concentrated mainly on 1800~500cm-1Wave-number range in, relative to demineralization lignite (a), sodium
The structure of base lignite (b) changes.1706cm in figure-1Corresponding to the symmetrical stretching vibration of-C=O in carboxyl, demineralization lignite exists
1706cm-1Place has an apparent vibration peak, the peak of sodium base lignite herein obviously to weaken, and respectively in 1576cm-1And 1382cm-1
There is the asymmetry of a p- COO and symmetrical stretching vibration peak in place, and after this shows alkali process, sodium ion therein has replaced carboxylic
Hydrogen ion in base generates carboxylate, therefore in 1382cm in the infrared absorption spectra of sodium base lignite-1Place occurs significantly
Absorption peak, this is also the important symbol containing carboxylic acid sodium in coal.Sodium base lignite 1706cm after peracid treatment-1The peak at place goes out again
It is existing, and 1576cm-1The peak at place disappears, 1382cm-1The peak at place weakens, and illustrates to be combined with carboxylate radical in coal after peracid treatment
Sodium is removed.
Fig. 4 is the XPS spectrum figure of demineralization lignite (a), sodium base lignite (b) and acid processing lignite (c).And with sodium benzoate (d)
As a comparison.The characteristic peak and Auger peak of C1s, 531eV are corresponded respectively in conjunction with the spectral peak that can be located near 283eV and 1225eV
The characteristic peak and Auger peak of O1s are nearby corresponded respectively to 976eV, the peak near 500eV and 1071eV is then Na1s
Auger peak and characteristic peak have in sodium base lignite (b) characteristic peak of Na1s to occur.By scheming B it is found that (b) the Na1s combination energy of coal sample
Position is close with sodium benzoate, illustrates that its surface sodium and the combining form of Mei Zhong functional groups are close with sodium benzoate, i.e. Na and coal
In carboxyl form carboxylate, this is consistent with IR Characterization result.XPS results further demonstrate that in Na and coal-carboxyl
Hydrogen ion exchange has occurred.
The results are shown in Figure 5 by the TG and DTG of demineralization lignite, sodium base lignite and acid processing lignite burning.Demineralization lignite is main
Weightlessness is between 200~600 DEG C, and the corresponding temperature of DTG curve maximum combustion reaction rates is 490 DEG C, and sodium base lignite (b) occurs
Two weightless warm areas, for first weightless warm area between 200~520 DEG C, the weight-loss curve before 520 DEG C is weightless than shallower
Rate is more slow.Between 700~900 DEG C, the corresponding temperature of DTG curve maximum combustion rates is second weightless warm area
785 DEG C, the combustibility of this result and demineralization coal sample has larger difference.It is fired after sodium base lignite (b) is carried out sour processing
It is close with demineralization coal sample to burn performance, the corresponding temperature of maximum combustion rate is shown as on DTG curves about compared with demineralization coal sample lag
10℃.According to result above it is found that weightlessness of the sodium base lignite before 500 DEG C is considered the burning of part combustibles in coal.700
Weightlessness within the scope of~900 DEG C is key reaction area, it is believed that is that sodium hydroxide and certain part organic matter in coal are (mainly oxygen-containing
Functional group) effect form new rock-steady structure, make burning be difficult to carry out.
Embodiment 2
(1) lignite raw coal is dried to 5h at 100 DEG C, then crushes, be ground up, sieved, obtain average grain diameter about 0.150-
The lignite powder of 0.180mm；So that subsequent processing uses.
(2) lignite raw coal is added to (1g in the NaOH aqueous solutions of 0.1mol/L：10ml), 4h is stirred at room temperature.Filtering
It is used in combination deionized water continuously to rinse until the pH of supernatant becomes about 7.0.Obtained solid dry 4h at 105 DEG C obtains sodium base
Lignite.
Embodiment 3
A concentration of 0.5mol/L of NaOH aqueous solutions is added, it is other same as Example 2.
Embodiment 4
A concentration of 1mol/L of NaOH aqueous solutions is added, it is other same as Example 2.
Fig. 6 is the TG/DTG curve graphs of lignite raw coal and sodium base lignite in embodiment 2~4.It can be seen from the figure that at alkali
The combustibility of coal sample has larger difference with raw coal after reason.The weightless warm area of raw coal is at 300~500 DEG C, and coal after alkali process
There are two sections of weightlessness in sample, and warm area is respectively 300~500 DEG C and 700~800 DEG C.Compared with raw coal, the coal sample after alkali process goes out
Combustion lag phenomenon is showed, and with the raising of alkali concentration, hysteresis is more and more obvious.It can be seen from DTG curves
The corresponding temperature of maximum combustion rate of 0.1mol/L and 0.5mol/LNaOH processing coal sample is 423 DEG C before 500 DEG C, compares raw coal
73 DEG C high, when alkali concentration is increased to 1.0mol/L, the corresponding temperature of maximum combustion rate of coal sample is 470 DEG C, higher than raw coal
Go out 120 DEG C.There is second of weightless, maximum combustion rate pair in 0.5mol/L and 1.0mol/LNaOH processing coal sample after 500 DEG C
The temperature answered is 708 DEG C, the reason is that NaOH is combined with certain part organic matter in coal combustibility is caused to become during alkali process
Difference.
Embodiment 5
(1) by lignite raw coal at 105 DEG C dry 4h, then crush, be ground up, sieved, obtain average grain diameter about 0.150~
The lignite raw coal powder of 0.180mm.
(2) lignite raw coal powder is added to (1g in the NaOH aqueous solutions of 1mol/L：10ml), 4h is stirred at room temperature.It crosses
It filters and is continuously rinsed with deionized water until the pH of supernatant becomes about 7.0.Obtained solid dry 5h at 100 DEG C obtains sodium
Base lignite.
Embodiment 6
(1) lignite raw coal is dried to 3.5h at 110 DEG C, then crushes, be ground up, sieved, obtain average grain diameter about
The lignite raw coal powder of 0.150-0.170mm.
(2) lignite raw coal powder is added to (1g in the NaOH aqueous solutions of 1mol/L：10ml), 4h is stirred at room temperature.It crosses
It filters and is continuously rinsed with deionized water until the pH of supernatant becomes about 7.0.Obtained solid dry 3.5h at 110 DEG C is obtained
Sodium base lignite.
The combustibility of coal sample has larger difference with raw coal after various concentration alkali process.The weightless warm area of raw coal is 300
~500 DEG C, and there are two sections of weightlessness in higher concentration alkali process coal sample, warm area is respectively 300~500 DEG C and 700~800 DEG C.
The corresponding temperature of maximum combustion rate of 0.1mol/L and 0.5mol/LNaOH processing coal sample is 423 DEG C before 500 DEG C, than original
Coal is 73 DEG C high, and when alkali concentration is increased to 1.0mol/L, the corresponding temperature of maximum combustion rate of coal sample is 470 DEG C, compares raw coal
It is higher by 120 DEG C.There is second of weightless, maximum combustion rate in 0.5mol/L and 1.0mol/LNaOH processing coal sample after 500 DEG C
Corresponding temperature is 708 DEG C.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of preparation method of sodium base lignite, includes the following steps：
Lignite, sodium hydroxide and water are mixed and carry out alkali process, obtains sodium base lignite；The lignite includes lignite raw coal or demineralization
Lignite.
2. preparation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the average grain diameter of the lignite raw coal be 0.150~
0.180mm。
3. preparation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the average grain diameter of the demineralization lignite be 0.075~
0.150mm。
4. preparation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the lignite raw coal further includes before carrying out alkali process
It is dried.
5. preparation method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the temperature of the drying process is 100~120 DEG C,
The time of the drying process is 3~5h.
6. preparation method according to claim 1 or 5, which is characterized in that the amount ratio of the lignite, NaOH and water is
1g：0.2~0.4g：10ml.
7. preparation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the time of the alkali process is 3~5h.
8. the sodium base lignite that the preparation method described in claim 1~7 any one is prepared, which is characterized in that the sodium
The corresponding temperature of maximum combustion reaction rate of base lignite lags 300~400 DEG C compared with raw coal.
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