CN108574949A - Method and system for handling the paging request in electronic equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

Method and system for handling the paging request in electronic equipment can be provided.For example, a kind of method can be provided, including：Detection is included in the indicator channel (PICH) of the first subscriber identity module (SIM) in the electronic equipment；Determine at least one of the following：Include the ongoing data manipulation and at least one SIM at least one of electronic equipment SIM paging channel (PCH) and the PICH of the first SIM between conflict；And result based on the determination skips the decoding of the PICH to the first SIM.

Description

Method and system for handling the paging request in electronic equipment

Technical field

Example embodiment is related to electronic equipment, more particularly, to for handling seeking in Dual SIM Dual Standby (DSDS) equipment Call for the method asked.

Background technology

More subscriber identity module (SIM) wireless devices become due to its flexibility in terms of service option and other characteristics It obtains popular.A type of more SIM wireless devices are Dual SIM Dual Standby (DSDS) equipment, make two SIM all in idle mould Formula is communicated with waiting for the start, but due to being shared to single radio frequency (RF) resource, it is primary only to allow a SIM participation activity logical Letter.

Fig. 1 be show DSDS equipment the third generation (3G) time division duplex (TDD) SIM (hereinafter referred to as 3GT SIM) and The sequence diagram that the RF of 2G SIM is used.In the case of DSDS equipment, data throughout directly depends on 3GT SIM and 2G SIM Between RF resources availability.The first SIM be 3GT and be in idle condition and the 2nd SIM be 2G/3G/4G and In the case of executing data manipulation, the 2nd SIM data throughouts can depend on being generated by the first SIM (for example, 3GT SIM) It interrupts.In 3GT SIM, there may be about 3-15 frames between indicator channel (PICH) and paging channel (PCH) Difference.Therefore, if PICH results are affirmative, power save function, and the 3GT modulatedemodulates between PICH and PCH can be applied Device is adjusted to close.Therefore, in the case of 3GT SIM (for >=50% time, PICH the result is that certainly), the 2nd SIM The RF availabilities of (that is, 2G) may be smaller, it is thus possible to influence entire throughput.

Fig. 2 is to show that active radio access technology (RAT) is the available backstage public land mobile network of 3GT (BPLMN) sequence diagram of search time.During manual PLMN is searched for, the pot life between PICH and PCH may be not enough to For search operation, so this period is idle.For example, in the time PICH for >=50% the result is that positive result Certain situations in, it will tangible free time.Therefore, PLMN search time is likely to reduced.

Fig. 3 is the 3GT and the third generation (3G) frequency division duplex (FDD) (hereinafter referred to as 3GF) RAT groups shown in DSDS equipment The sequence diagram of data overlap between conjunction.For the DSDS equipment combined with 3GT-3GF RAT, 3GT PICH be possible to 3GF PCH conflicts.In order to avoid data overlap, existing method uses contention resolution (such as round-robin method).

In the example of the DSDS equipment combined with 3GT-3GF RAT, when segmentation/SIB repetition factors and 3GT are discontinuous When the multiple of reception (DRX) period or 3GT DRX cycles is identical, 3GT PICH are possible to and 3GF system information blocks (SIB) is segmented Conflict.In order to avoid conflicting for 3GT PICH and 3GF SIB, existing method uses contention resolution (such as cycle side Method).

Invention content

Some example embodiments can provide the method and/or system for handling the paging request in electronic equipment, In, method includes：Data manipulation just on the second subscriber identity module (SIM) run or carry out when, detection be directed to the first SIM Indicator channel (PICH), and when in data manipulation the 2nd SIM run or carry out when, skip to described The decoding of the PICH of first SIM.

Some example embodiments can determine whether the PICH of the first SIM conflicts with the paging channel (PCH) of the 2nd SIM, And if the PICH of the first SIM conflicts with the PCH of the 2nd SIM, skip the decoding of the PICH to the first SIM.The one of this paper A little example embodiments provide method and/or system for handling the paging request in electronic equipment.

According to example embodiment, method may include：Detection is included in the first subscriber identity mould in the electronic equipment The indicator channel (PICH) of block (SIM)；Determine at least one of the following：It is included in the electronic equipment at least The paging channel (PCH) of ongoing data manipulation and one or more of 2nd SIM on one the 2nd SIM with it is described Conflict between the PICH of first SIM；And result based on the determination skips the decoding of the PICH to the first SIM.

In some example embodiments, method can also include：Skip the decoding to the PICH of the first SIM it Afterwards, continue the ongoing data manipulation at least one 2nd SIM.Skip the solution of the PICH to the first SIM Code can increase the data throughout of the 2nd SIM of one or more.

In some example embodiments, method can also include：In response to the determination result instruction it is one or The PCH of multiple 2nd SIM conflicts with the PICH of the first SIM, retains the radio frequency money of one or more of 2nd SIM Source.Skip the manual public land shifting that can increase the decoding of the PICH of the first SIM for one or more of 2nd SIM Dynamic network (PLMN) search.

According to example embodiment, electronic equipment may include paging processor, be configured as：Detection is described for being included in The PICH of the first SIM in electronic equipment；Determine at least one of the following：One or more be included in the electronic equipment The paging channel PCH and described first of ongoing data manipulation and one or more of 2nd SIM on a 2nd SIM Conflict between the PICH of SIM；And result based on the determination skips the decoding of the PICH to the first SIM.

According to example embodiment, the method for handling the paging request in electronic equipment may include：By the electronics Indicator channel of the equipment detection for the first subscriber identity module (SIM) being included in the electronic equipment (PICH)；At least one of the following is determined by the electronic equipment：At least one 2nd SIM that the electronic equipment includes On whether be currently running data manipulation or the first SIM PICH whether the paging channel at least one 2nd SIM (PCH) conflict；And the solution of the PICH to the first SIM is skipped in response to the result of the determination by the electronic equipment Code.

One example embodiment can provide a kind of non-transient computer readable recording medium storing program for performing of storage computer program, The allocation of computer is when executed by a computer to execute the above method by the computer program.

According to example embodiment, electronic equipment may include：Memory is configured as storage computer-readable instruction；It is logical Believe interface, is configured as establishing communication between the electronic equipment and network interface；And one or more processors, by with It is set to and executes the computer-readable instruction so that one or more of processors are configured as：Detection, which is directed to, is included in institute State the indicator channel (PICH) of the first subscriber identity module (SIM) in electronic equipment；At least one in below determining ：It whether is currently running data manipulation or the first SIM at least one 2nd SIM that the electronic equipment includes PICH whether conflict with the paging channel (PCH) of at least one 2nd SIM；And it is skipped pair in response to the result of the determination The decoding of the PICH of first SIM.

When combining the following description and drawings to consider, these and other sides of example embodiment will be better appreciated and understood Face.It will be appreciated that though the multiple specific details for showing some example embodiments and it are described below, but it is described below It is for the purpose of illustration, rather than in order to limit.In the spirit and specific example embodiments described herein for not departing from the present invention Under the premise of, a variety of changes and modification can be made in the range of example embodiment herein.

Description of the drawings

Some exemplary embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, identical reference letter indicates in each attached drawing in the accompanying drawings Corresponding part.In conjunction with attached drawing, by being described below, it is better understood with exemplary embodiment here, in attached drawing：

Fig. 1 is the radio frequency for the first SIM and the 2nd SIM for showing double subscriber identity module (SIM) double standby (DSDS) equipment (RF) sequence diagram used；

Fig. 2 is to show that active radio access technology (RAT) is the available backstage public land of 3G time division duplexs (3GT) The sequence diagram of mobile network's (BPLMN) search time；

Fig. 3 is the sequential of the data overlap between the 3GT for showing in DSDS equipment is combined with 3G frequency division duplex (3GF) RAT Figure；

Fig. 4 be show according to some example embodiments disclosed herein for handle the electronic equipment of paging request/ The various physics of Dual SIM Dual Standby (DSDS) equipment and/or the block diagram of functional block；

Fig. 5 is shown according to some example embodiments disclosed herein for handling the paging request in electronic equipment The flow chart of method, this method are skipped in response to detecting ongoing data manipulation at least one 2nd SIM to The decoding of the indicator channel (PICH) of one SIM；

Fig. 6 is shown according to some example embodiments disclosed herein for handling the paging request in electronic equipment The flow chart of method, if the PICH of the first SIM conflicts with the PCH of at least one 2nd SIM, this method is skipped to first The decoding of the PICH of SIM；

Fig. 7 is the sequence diagram for showing the following exemplary scene according to some example embodiments disclosed herein：Work as data The PICH decodings to the first SIM are just being skipped in operation when being run on the 2nd SIM of electronic equipment；

Fig. 8 is the sequence diagram for showing the exemplary scenario according to some example embodiments disclosed herein, the exemplary field Scape describes available BPLMN search times when skipping PICH decodings；And

Fig. 9 is the sequence diagram for showing the following exemplary scene according to some example embodiments disclosed herein：In response to The PICH of first SIM conflicts with the PCH of the 2nd SIM and skips the PICH decodings to the first SIM.

Specific implementation mode

With reference to unrestricted example embodiment being shown in the accompanying drawings and being described in detail in the following description, more fully solve Release some example embodiments described herein and its various features and advantageous details.It omits for known assemblies and processing skill The description of art is so as not to can unnecessarily obscure embodiment.Example herein is intended merely to facilitate the mode for understanding and realizing embodiment And those skilled in the art is enable to realize embodiment.Therefore, example should not be envisioned for limiting the range of embodiment herein.

The example embodiment of this paper provides the method and/or system for handling the paging request in electronic equipment.Method Including：Indicator channel of the detection for the first subscriber identity module (SIM) being present in the electronic equipment (PICH).In addition, method includes at least one in determining as follows：It is present in the 2nd SIM of one or more of electronic equipment On ongoing data manipulation, and the PICH of the paging channel (PCH) of the 2nd SIM of one or more and the first SIM rushes It is prominent.In addition, method includes skipping the decoding of the PICH to the first SIM based on the determination.

Referring now to the drawings, referring more specifically to Fig. 4 to Fig. 9, embodiment is shown, wherein through attached drawing similar to reference word Symbol consistently indicates character pair.

Fig. 4 be show according to some example embodiments disclosed herein for handle the electronic equipment of paging request/ The various functions of Dual SIM Dual Standby (DSDS) equipment 400 and/or the block diagram of physical block.Electronic equipment 400 can be for example but unlimited In mobile phone, smart phone, tablet computer, tablet computer, personal digital assistant (PDA), wearable computing devices, vehicle letter Cease entertainment systems, navigation system, security system or any other electricity containing multiple SIM for having and sharing radio frequency (RF) resource Sub- equipment.

In the exemplary embodiment, electronic equipment/DSDS equipment 400 includes paging processor 402, communication interface 404 and deposits Reservoir 406.Paging processor 402 can be configured as PICH of the detection for the first SIM present in electronic equipment 400.This Outside, paging processor 402 can be configured as at least one in determining as follows：Include one or more of electronic equipment 400 Data manipulation whether is currently running or carried out on a 2nd SIM, or the paging channel (PCH) of the 2nd SIM of one or more is The no PICH with the first SIM conflicts.It is skipped to the first SIM's based on the determination in addition, paging processor 402 can be configured as The decoding of PICH.

The jump when example embodiment of this paper can be by being currently running at least one 2nd SIM or carrying out data manipulation The PICH detected for the first SIM is crossed to increase the data throughout at least one 2nd SIM.In addition, this paper Example embodiment can increase manual public land mobile network (PLMN) search by skipping the PICH decodings to the first SIM Time.

Communication interface 404 can be configured as establishing the communication between electronic equipment 400 and network interface.Memory 406 May include one or more computer readable storage mediums.Memory 406 may include non-volatile memory device.It is this non- The example of volatile memory elements may include magnetic hard-disk, CD, floppy disk, flash memory or electrically-programmable memory (EPROM) or The form of electrically erasable (EEPROM) memory.In addition, in some instances, memory 406 may be considered that right and wrong Instantaneity storage medium.Term " non-transient " can indicate storage medium not over carrier wave or transmitting signal to realize.So And term " non-transient " should not be construed as meaning that memory 406 is immovable.In some instances, memory 406 can be configured as the storage information more a greater amount of than memory.In some examples, non-transient storage medium can store The data (for example, being stored in random access memory (RAM) or cache) changed over time.

Fig. 4 shows the exemplary components of electronic equipment 400, but example embodiment is without being limited thereto.Implement in other examples In example, electronic equipment 400 may include the functional block and/or physical block of less or more quantity.In addition, the label or name of unit Title is for illustration purposes only, and is not intended to limit the range of example embodiment.One or more components can be grouped together with Identical or substantially similar function is executed in electronic equipment 400.

Fig. 5 is to show to be asked for handling the paging in electronic equipment 400 according to some example embodiments disclosed herein The flow chart 500 for the method asked, this method in response to detecting ongoing data manipulation at least one 2nd SIM, Skip the decoding of the PICH to the first SIM.

In step 502, this method includes PICH of the detection for the first SIM present in electronic equipment 400.This method permits Perhaps PICH of the detection of paging processor 402 for the first SIM present in electronic equipment 400.

In step 504, this method includes：Detect the ongoing data manipulation at least one 2nd SIM.This method Paging processor 402 is allowed to detect the ongoing data manipulation at least one 2nd SIM.

In step 506, this method includes：If detecting the ongoing data at least one 2nd SIM Operation, then skip the decoding of the PICH to the first SIM.This method allow paging processor 402 detect it is described at least The decoding of the PICH to the first SIM is skipped in the case of ongoing data manipulation on one the 2nd SIM.

It can in the order of presentation, according to different order or simultaneously execute each in this method and flow chart 500 Kind action, behavior, block, step etc..In addition, in some example embodiments, without departing from the scope of the disclosure, one A little action, behavior, block, steps etc. can be omitted in the case where not departing from the range of present inventive concept, add, change, jumping It crosses.

Fig. 6 is to show to be asked for handling the paging in electronic equipment 400 according to some example embodiments disclosed herein The flow chart 600 for the method asked, if the PICH of the first SIM conflicts with the PCH of at least one 2nd SIM, this method is skipped Decoding to the PICH of the first SIM.

In step 602, this method includes PICH of the detection for the first SIM present in electronic equipment 400.This method permits Perhaps PICH of the detection of paging processor 402 for the first SIM present in electronic equipment 400.

In step 604, this method includes determining whether the PICH of the first SIM conflicts with the PCH of at least one 2nd SIM. This method allows paging processor 402 to determine whether the PICH of the first SIM conflicts with the PCH of at least one 2nd SIM.

In step 606, this method includes：If the PICH of the first SIM conflicts with the PCH of at least one 2nd SIM, Then skip the decoding of the PICH to the first SIM.This method allow paging processor 402 the first SIM PICH with The decoding of the PICH to the first SIM is skipped in the case of the PCH conflicts of at least one 2nd SIM.

It can in the order of presentation, according to different order or simultaneously execute each in this method and flow chart 600 Kind action, behavior, block, step etc..In addition, in some example embodiments, without departing from the scope of the disclosure, one A little action, behavior, block, steps etc. can be omitted, add, changing, skipping without departing from the scope of the invention.

Fig. 7 is the sequence diagram for showing the following exemplary scene according to some example embodiments disclosed herein：In response to The data manipulation for being currently running or carrying out on 2nd SIM of electronic equipment 400 and skip the PICH decodings to the first SIM.

Electronic equipment/DSDS equipment 400 uses public/shared RF resources.Therefore, data throughout directly depends on The availability of public RF resources between one SIM and the 2nd SIM.For example, the first SIM can be 3G SIM, the 2nd SIM can be 2G SIM or 4G SIM.Initially, 3GT SIM are in idle mode, 2G SIM be in activity pattern and on 2G SIM Operation data operates.The data throughout of 2G SIM depends on the RF service conditions of 3GT SIM.In 3GT, PICH and PCH it Between may have the difference of 3-15 frames.Therefore, if PICH results be affirmative, can apply power save function, and PICH with 3GT modems are closed between PCH.Which results in there are two generated by 3GT in the period in single discontinuous receive (DRX) A interruption.Therefore, electronic equipment 400 can be configured as just is determining needle in data manipulation when running or carrying out on the second SIM To the PICH of the first SIM (for example, 3G SIM).In addition, electronic equipment 400 can be configured as the PICH skipped to the first SIM It decodes and starts read/decode only PCH.It is only that the 2nd SIM creates an interruption to skip PICH, has obtained the 2nd SIM (examples Such as, 2G SIM) better data throughout.Due to the primary interruption of 2G SIM, 2G SIM obtain RF with the longer time to be come Decoding data, which increase the data throughouts of the 2nd SIM.

For example, it is assumed that 2G MMS are occupied 100 seconds, and in 50% time, 3GT PICH provide positive acknowledgment (ACK).About 150 DRX cycles in 3GtZHONG, this period.During DRX cycle, PICH occupies 15ms, PCH 35ms is occupied, pause-recovery safety allowance is assumed to be 10ms (expense).Therefore, it if monitoring PICH, needs to obtain from 2G SIM Obtain the RF of 150* (15+10)+75* (35+10)=7125ms.If skipping PICH and directly listening only to PCH, 150* is needed (35+10)==6750ms.Therefore, RF consumption can be saved by skipping PICH.

Fig. 8 is the sequence diagram for showing the exemplary scenario according to some example embodiments disclosed herein, the exemplary field Scape describes available BPLMN search times when skipping PICH decodings.

For example, electronic equipment/DSDS equipment 400 has the movable RAT as 3GT.It, can between PICH and PCH in 3GT There can be the difference of 3-15 frames.Therefore, if PICH results are affirmative, economize on electricity can be applied, and between PICH and PCH 3GT modems are closed.During manual PLMN is searched for, the time between PICH and PCH may be not enough to for searching for behaviour Make；So this period can be idle.Therefore, PICH results for >=50% time is positive result the case where In, it will there is considerably long free time.Due to the PCH times it is known that so skipping PICH in this case can improve entirely Manual PLMN search time/backstage PLMN (BPLMN) search times.This is in the DSDS that there is the regular interruption from other SIM It will be more effective in equipment 400.

Such as：Assuming that the time 3GT PICH 50% provides ACK, and the mean down time between PICH and PCH =5 frames (50ms)；If reading PICH and PCH in each DRX cycle, it is for BPLMN search not available total times： PICH+PCH：+ 35 (PCH)=100ms of 15 (PICH)+50 (free time).If only having read PCH：Then in each DRX for BPLMN search not available total time is=35ms (PCH).Therefore, because PICH+PCH is read, it can not in 100 DRX cycles Total time is：50*15+50*100 (15 (PICH)+50 (free time)+35 (PCH))=5750ms.Due to only reading PCH, Not available total time is in 100 DRX cycles：100*35=3500ms.Therefore, the PICH decodings for 3GT SIM are skipped Increase PLMN search time.

Fig. 9 is the sequence diagram for showing the following exemplary scene according to some example embodiments disclosed herein：In response to The PICH of first SIM conflicts with the PCH of the 2nd SIM and skips the PICH decodings to the first SIM.

Electronic equipment 400 for the double SIM combined with 3GT-3GF/4G RAT, 3GT PICH are possible to and 3GF PCH conflicts.In 3GT, usually there is the difference of 3-15 frames between PICH and PCH, conflicts as round-robin method as application The replacement of solution, skips 3GT PICH read/decodes and avoids and conflict with 3GF/4G PCH.Therefore, it can first read 3GF/4G PCH can read 3GT PCH later.Compared with contention resolution, this refers to the key performance for increasing by two SIM It marks (KPI).

Such as：In 100 DRX cycles to conflict with 3GF/4G PCH in 3GT PICH, circulating interference method is used PICH+PCH, which is read, for 3GT and 3GF/4G is respectively that 50 PCH are read, thus in the case of circulating interference method for All it is that 50% successful PCH is read for 3GF/4G and 3GT.If only reading PCH, 100 are respectively read for 3GF/4G and 3GT A PCH, and there is 100% successful PCH to read 3GF/4G and 3GT.Therefore, between 3GT PICH and 3GF PCH In the case of clashing, skipping 3GT PICH reduces the conflict situations of system information block (SIB) reading, this will bring faster The 3GF cell selection/reselections of speed.

It can be by running at least one software program at least one hardware device, and execute Network Management Function Network element is controlled, to realize various embodiments disclosed herein.Network element shown in Fig. 4 may include each piece, wherein Each block can be realized by least one of combination of hardware submodule or hardware submodule and software module.

Foregoing teachings are the explanations to exemplary embodiment, and are not necessarily to be construed as limitation ot it.Although having been described Some exemplary embodiments, however the person skilled in the art will easily understand be not detached from exemplary embodiment substantially Under the premise of novel teachings and advantage, a variety of modifications can be carried out in the exemplary embodiment.It is appreciated that used herein short Language and term for descriptive purposes rather than limit.Therefore, all this modifications are intended to be included in as limited in the claims In the range of fixed exemplary embodiment.

Claims (18)

1. a kind of method for handling the paging request in electronic equipment, the method includes：

Detection is included in the indicator channel PICH of the first subscriber identity module SIM in the electronic equipment；

Identify conflicting between the paging channel PCH and the PICH of the first SIM of at least one 2nd SIM；And

If the PICH of the first SIM conflicts with the PCH of at least one 2nd SIM, skip to the first SIM's The decoding of PICH.

2. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein, the data manipulation at least one 2nd SIM is carrying out.

3. according to the method described in claim 1, further including：

Detection includes the ongoing data manipulation at least one 2nd SIM in the electronic equipment,

Wherein, it if detecting the ongoing data manipulation at least one 2nd SIM, skips to described first The decoding of the PICH of SIM.

4. according to the method described in claim 1, further including：

After described skip, continue the ongoing data manipulation at least one 2nd SIM.

5. according to the method described in claim 1, further including：

If the PICH of the first SIM conflicts with the PCH of at least one 2nd SIM, retain described at least one The radio frequency resource of two SIM.

6. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein, the first SIM is third generation 3G SIM, and the 2nd SIM It is 2nd generation 2G SIM or forth generation 4G SIM.

7. a kind of non-transient computer readable recording medium storing program for performing of storage computer program, the computer program is by computer When execution by the allocation of computer be execution method, the method includes：

Detection includes the indicator channel PICH of the first subscriber identity module SIM in the electronic device；

Identify conflicting between the paging channel PCH and the PICH of the first SIM of at least one 2nd SIM；And

If the PICH of the first SIM conflicts with the PCH of at least one 2nd SIM, skip to the first SIM's The decoding of PICH.

8. non-transient computer readable recording medium storing program for performing according to claim 7, wherein at least one 2nd SIM On data manipulation carrying out.

9. non-transient computer readable recording medium storing program for performing according to claim 7, wherein the method further includes：

Detection includes the ongoing data manipulation at least one 2nd SIM in the electronic equipment,

Wherein, it if detecting the ongoing data manipulation at least one 2nd SIM, skips to described first The decoding of the PICH of SIM.

10. non-transient computer readable recording medium storing program for performing according to claim 7, wherein the method further includes：

After described skip, continue the ongoing data manipulation at least one 2nd SIM.

11. non-transient computer readable recording medium storing program for performing according to claim 7, the method further include：

If the PICH of the first SIM conflicts with the PCH of at least one 2nd SIM, retain described at least one The radio frequency resource of two SIM.

12. non-transient computer readable recording medium storing program for performing according to claim 7, wherein the first SIM is the third generation 3G SIM, and the 2nd SIM is 2nd generation 2G SIM or forth generation 4G SIM.

13. a kind of electronic equipment for handling paging, the electronic equipment include：

Memory is coupled with processor；And

The processor, is configured as：

Detection is included in the indicator channel PICH of the first subscriber identity module SIM in the electronic equipment；

Identify conflicting between the paging channel PCH and the PICH of the first SIM of at least one 2nd SIM；And

If the PCH of the PICH of the first SIM and at least one 2nd SIM

Conflict, then skip the decoding of the PICH to the first SIM.

14. electronic equipment according to claim 13, wherein the data manipulation at least one 2nd SIM is It carries out.

15. electronic equipment according to claim 13, wherein the processor is additionally configured to：Detection is included in described The ongoing data manipulation at least one 2nd SIM in electronic equipment, and if described in detecting at least The decoding of the PICH to the first SIM is then skipped in ongoing data manipulation on one the 2nd SIM.

16. electronic equipment according to claim 13, wherein the processor is additionally configured to：After described skip, Continue the ongoing data manipulation at least one 2nd SIM.

17. electronic equipment according to claim 13, wherein the processor is additionally configured to：If the first SIM PICH conflict with the PCH of at least one 2nd SIM, then retain the radio frequency resource of at least one 2nd SIM.

18. electronic equipment according to claim 13, wherein the first SIM is third generation 3G SIM, and described Two SIM are 2nd generation 2G SIM or forth generation 4G SIM.