CN108572390B - Utilize the detection method in surface wave perturbation of spectrum prediction superficial part cave - Google Patents
Utilize the detection method in surface wave perturbation of spectrum prediction superficial part cave Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of detection methods using surface wave perturbation of spectrum prediction superficial part cave, comprising: S1, in underground, suspicious cave overlying regions arrange a survey line；S2, the vibration response signal for recording survey line measuring point；S3, survey line is deflected to certain angle, repeats step S2, continues to deflect, until suspicious cave region is completely covered；S4, all vibration response signals are made with cylinder geonetrical attenuation correction, obtains offset distance-wavelength domain amplitude spectrum cloud atlas of the suspicious each survey line in cave region by a series of transformation；S5, it chooses and arranges that refers to a survey line without cave influence area, record refers to the vibration response signal of each measuring point of survey line, obtains offset distance-wavelength domain amplitude spectrum cloud atlas with reference to survey line；S6, suspicious cave region survey line is compared with offset distance-wavelength domain amplitude spectrum cloud atlas with reference to survey line, cave buried depth, position is predicted by the corresponding wavelength of suspicious region perturbation of spectrum feature and offset distance.The present invention can effectively solve the problems, such as near surface detecting caves.
Description
Technical field
Present invention relates particularly to a kind of detection methods using surface wave perturbation of spectrum prediction superficial part cave, are suitable for ground work
Journey or Engineering geophysical exploration, it can also be used to scatter wave propagation characteristic analysis.
Background technique
In the Urban Metro Construction of limestone area, since subway buried depth is often positioned in limestone distributed areas, limestone superficial part
Lower water level changes greatly, and is Cave intense development area.Cave, which is easily led to, occurs gushing water, prominent mud, ground in construction
It collapses, the accidents such as construction equipment is buried, casualties.
The detection in underground karst cave at present is frequently with drilling plus ground geophysical prospecting method, and for example, geological radar increases density
Electrical method etc..These geophysical prospecting methods have certain requirement to space enrironment condition, geological conditions, for example, soft or clay medium
Middle electromagnetic wave attenuation is very fast, and energy is very faint when reaching karst region, and reflection electromagnetic wave identification is difficult, and vulnerable to complex environment
In various Electromagnetic Interferences.For another example, electrical method is vulnerable to shadows such as soil layer degree of drying, level of ground water and test site electric field complex environments
It rings.It can be seen that these geophysical prospecting method effects are often not satisfactory.
To the cave of inflation or water-filling, since gas, liquid are without shearing force, therefore the cave shear wave velocity of inflation or water-filling
Zero, shearing wave can not pass through, and when underground is there are cave, the wave motion propagated forward and kinetic characteristics can occur obviously to become
Change, is preferred geophysical prospecting method using wave method Detection of Karst cave.By particle vibration parameter testing, for example particle position
It moves, speed, acceleration, its kinematic and dynamic characteristic is analyzed by particle vibration response, and then predict cavern location, buried depth
Even cave geometry and geometric parameter.
In rock soil medium surface exciting, wave field has bulk wave and surface wave, and near surface wave field is dominated by surface wave, when ground is situated between
There are cave, these waves to scatter at interface for matter superficial part.Since surface wave energy is larger, scattering bulk wave often by
Surface wave is covered, and to buried depth, cave, reflected body wave are reached when surface time is walked with surface wave and approached within 30m, and reflection width
It is smaller to be worth apparent surface's wave, if identifying that scattering bulk wave is more difficult from time-domain signal.Therefore, the present invention utilizes surface source excitation table
Wave energy is relatively strong, meets cave scatters this relatively strong feature, in one group of survey line of surface layout, by shaking to measuring point particle on survey line
Dynamic response composes cloud atlas perturbation analysis, predicts orientation, the buried depth of cavern.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of detection methods using surface wave perturbation of spectrum prediction superficial part cave, it is utilized
Surface wave meets the energy that superficial part cave generates and causes wave field amplitude spectrum in surface to occur disturbing this feature compared with strong scattering waveguide, is deviating
Away from-wavelength domain to amplitude spectrum cloud atlas perturbation analysis, according to spectrum cloud atlas Disturbance morphology and cave orientation, buried depth and geometric shape parameters
Between relationship, by spectrum cloud atlas disturbance correspond to offset distance prediction cave orientation, by disturbance characteristic wavelength estimate buried depth range.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A kind of detection method using surface wave perturbation of spectrum prediction superficial part cave, comprising the following steps:
S1, N number of vibration pickup is equally spaced with alignment in the suspicious cave overlying regions ground surface in underground, is formed
One survey line with N number of measuring point, N >=12, vibration source are arranged in survey line side, and are in straight line with survey line, and vibration pickup is away from vibration
Source by being closely followed successively by 1 to remote number, 2 ..., N；
S2, the vibration response signal that vibration source each vibration pickup of survey line after earth's surface exciting is recorded with surface wave instrument；
S3, it keeps vibration source position and each vibration pickup and vibration source relative distance constant, survey line is deflected into certain angle, repeat
Step S2；
S4, step S3 is repeated, until suspicious cave region is completely covered in the fan-shaped region of survey line deflection；
S5, all measuring point vibration response signals in step S2- step S4 are made with cylinder geonetrical attenuation correction, correction signalIt is calculated by following formula,
In formula, r1、riRespectively the 1st vibration pickup, i-th of vibration pickup and vibration source spacing, xiIt (t) is i-th of vibration pickup
Vibration response signal, i=1,2 ..., N；
S6, two-dimensional Fourier transform is made to signal after the correction of measuring points all on survey line, obtains frequency wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum
Cloud atlas, according to the corresponding frequency f of energy crestal line and wave number k gauging surface phase velocity of wave c that polarographic maximum is constituted, relational expression is such as
Under,
C=2 π f/k (2)
S7, one-dimensional Fourier transform is individually made to signal after the correction of measuring point each on survey line, obtains the frequency of different measuring points
Its spectrum peak is normalized in each measuring point spectrum to rate domain amplitude spectrum, normalization spectrumIt is calculated by following formula,
In formula, XiIt (f) is the amplitude spectrum of i-th of vibration pickup, Xi,maxFor the amplitude spectrum peak of i-th of vibration pickup, according to wave
Relationship λ=c/f between long λ, frequency f and surface phase velocity of wave c, will be in formula (3)Frequency variable is converted into wavelength, and obtaining can
Doubt offset distance-wavelength domain amplitude spectrum cloud atlas of each survey line in cave region；
S8, ground surface arrangement one and a step without cavern influence area are chosen in suspicious cave areas adjacent
The same reference survey line of survey line in S1 refers to each pick-up of survey line with surface wave instrument record vibration source referring to step S2 after earth's surface exciting
The vibration response signal of device obtains offset distance-wavelength domain amplitude that no cave influence area refers to survey line referring to step S5-S7
Compose cloud atlas；
S9, the offset distance-wavelength domain amplitude spectrum cloud atlas and step S8 that the suspicious each survey line in cave region will be obtained in step S7
Obtained in be compared without cave influence area with reference to offset distance-wavelength domain amplitude spectrum cloud atlas of survey line, identification, interpretation are suspicious
Each survey line spectrum Cloud-Picture Characteristics disturbance in cave region determines suspicious cave orientation by the corresponding offset distance of spectrum cloud atlas disturbance interface,
By the corresponding minimal characteristic wavelength X of disturbance interfacecritEstimate suspicious cave buried depth h, the relationship of buried depth and minimal characteristic wavelength
Formula are as follows:
h≈λcrit (4)。
The invention has the following advantages:
(1) surface source excitation R wave energy in superficial part wave field is big, and scattering wave energy in chance superficial part cave is stronger, causes partially
It moves obvious away from the disturbance of-wavelength domain amplitude spectrum cloud atlas, disturbs readily identified, analysis precision is higher；
(2) smaller by soil nature and Effect of Underground Water Level, it can be adapted for various soil nature and different level of ground water situations；
(3) artificial active source is used, vibration source radio-frequency component and energy can be adjusted according to depth to be detected；
(4) offset distance and wavelength are identical as location parameter and depth dimension, offset distance-wavelength domain amplitude spectrum cloud atlas disturbance ginseng
Several to have directly related property with cave orientation and buried depth parameter, result visualization degree is high.
Detailed description of the invention
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples, in attached drawing:
Fig. 1 is vibration source and survey line sector arrangement schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is the arrangement schematic diagram of measuring point and vibration source on the model of cave；
Fig. 3 is test site layout drawing；
Fig. 4 is no cave influence area measuring point vibratory response array of figure；
Fig. 5 is suspicious cave region survey line measuring point vibratory response array of figure；
Fig. 6 is suspicious cave region survey line measuring point response frequency-wave-number domain amplitude spectrum cloud atlas；
Fig. 7 is no cave influence area survey line measuring point response offset away from-wavelength domain amplitude spectrum cloud atlas；
Fig. 8 is suspicious cave region survey line measuring point response offset away from-wavelength domain amplitude spectrum cloud atlas.
In figure: 1- vibration source, 2- vibration pickup, 3- surface wave instrument.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be understood that described herein, specific examples are only used to explain the present invention, not
For limiting the present invention.
In the preferred embodiment, a kind of detection method using surface wave perturbation of spectrum prediction superficial part cave, packet
Include following steps:
S1, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, in underground, suspicious cave overlying regions ground surface is equally spaced with alignment
N number of vibration pickup 2 forms the survey line with N number of measuring point, N >=12, and vibration source is arranged in survey line side, and is in one with survey line
Straight line, vibration pickup away from vibration source 1 by being closely followed successively by 1 to remote number, 2 ..., N；
S2, as shown in Fig. 2, with surface wave instrument 3 record vibration source each vibration pickup of survey line after earth's surface exciting vibratory response believe
Number, it is depicted as vibratory response array of figure as shown in Figure 5；
S3, as shown in Figure 1, keeping vibration source position and each vibration pickup and vibration source relative distance constant, by survey line deflection one
Determine angle, repeats step S2；
S4, step S3 is repeated, until suspicious cave region is completely covered in the fan-shaped region of survey line deflection；
S5, all measuring point vibration response signals in step S2- step S4 are made with cylinder geonetrical attenuation correction, correction signalIt is calculated by following formula,
In formula, r1、riRespectively the 1st vibration pickup, i-th of vibration pickup and vibration source spacing, xiIt (t) is i-th of vibration pickup
Vibration response signal, i=1,2 ..., N；
S6, two-dimensional Fourier transform is made to signal after the correction of measuring points all on survey line, as shown in fig. 6, obtaining frequency-wave
Number field amplitude spectrum cloud atlas, according to polarographic maximum constitute the corresponding frequency f of energy crestal line and wave number k gauging surface phase velocity of wave c,
Relational expression is as follows,
C=2 π f/k (2)
S7, one-dimensional Fourier transform is individually made to signal after the correction of measuring point each on survey line, obtains the frequency of different measuring points
Its spectrum peak is normalized in each measuring point spectrum to rate domain amplitude spectrum, normalization spectrumIt is calculated by following formula,
In formula, XiIt (f) is the amplitude spectrum of i-th of vibration pickup, Xi,maxFor the amplitude spectrum peak of i-th of vibration pickup, according to wave
Relationship λ=c/f between long λ, frequency f and surface phase velocity of wave c, will be in formula (3)Frequency variable is converted into wavelength, and obtaining can
Offset distance-wavelength domain amplitude spectrum cloud atlas of each survey line in cave region is doubted, as shown in Figure 8；
S8, it is arranged as shown in figure 3, choosing the ground surface without cavern influence area in suspicious cave areas adjacent
One reference survey line in step S1 as survey line, referring to step S2, as shown in figure 4, with surface wave instrument record vibration source in earth's surface
The vibration response signal that each vibration pickup of survey line is referred to after exciting obtains no cave influence area with reference to survey line referring to step S5-S7
Offset distance-wavelength domain amplitude spectrum cloud atlas, as shown in Figure 7；
S9, the offset distance-wavelength domain amplitude spectrum cloud atlas and step S8 that the suspicious each survey line in cave region will be obtained in step S7
Obtained in be compared without cave influence area with reference to offset distance-wavelength domain amplitude spectrum cloud atlas of survey line, identification, interpretation are suspicious
Each survey line spectrum Cloud-Picture Characteristics disturbance in cave region determines suspicious cave orientation by the corresponding offset distance of spectrum cloud atlas disturbance interface,
By the corresponding minimal characteristic wavelength X of disturbance interfacecritEstimate suspicious cave buried depth h, the relationship of buried depth and minimal characteristic wavelength
Formula are as follows:
h≈λcrit (4)。
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, in step S1, as shown in Fig. 2, adjacent measuring point spacing is 0.2~1m, with true
It is retained flat locational space resolution ratio, vibration source and the vibration pickup shortest distance are 3m, to ensure that test zone wave field is dominated by surface wave.
The working principle of the invention is: vibration source excites surface wave (also referred to as R wave) chance underground shallow part cave that moves ahead, wavelength
The opposite lesser wave propagation of cave buried depth is hardly influenced by cave, and wavelength can occur with respect to the biggish surface wave of cave buried depth
Energy is interfered compared with strong scattering, back wave with forward surface wave, leads to different frequency wave energy at different level position
Or reinforce or weaken, offset distance-wavelength domain amplitude spectrum cloud atlas of wave field will appear interference fringe in front of cave；Upper cave wavelength
Larger transmitted wave is influenced propagation characteristic by cave and is changed, these transmitted waves are interfered with the various scattered waves in boundary, cave
The offset distance of top wave field-wavelength domain amplitude spectrum cloud atlas also will appear interference fringe；When transmitted wave enters cave rear medium, portion
Divide energy along cave boundary diffraction, causes to transmit wave energy reduction.In this way, the presence in superficial part cave will lead to upper cave transmission
Wave spectrum cloud atlas disturbs, and suspicious cave orientation is determined by the corresponding offset distance of spectrum cloud atlas disturbance interface, by disturbance interface
Corresponding minimal characteristic wavelength estimates that suspicious cave buried depth range, the present invention can solve buried depth superficial region hole within 30m
Cave orientation and buried depth problem improve detecting caves precision, and surface wave test is pushed to apply in engineering.
The present invention is verified below by way of experiment.The present invention the following steps are included:
1, certain place be arranged a small-sized cave model, as shown in Fig. 2, hand excavation's length be respectively 1m × 1m ×
1.7m blocks hole away from ground about 1m or so cement plate, forms cave model after backfill, surveyed after backfill is closely knit
Examination, a survey line have 12 measuring points, measuring point spacing 0.2m, to ensure that there are enough multi-measuring points, measuring point and vibration source cloth in upper cave
It sets as shown in Figure 2；
2, a survey line is arranged without cave region in same place, arrangement is as shown in Figure 3；
3, with hand hammer in surface exciting, with the record particle vibration response of surface wave instrument, no cave and there is survey line in the case of cave
It is as shown in Figures 4 and 5 that measuring point responds array difference；
4, frequency wavenumber domain spectrum is obtained as two-dimensional Fourier transform to all vibratory responses of each survey line, by spectrum maximum value
Corresponding crestal line calculates average velocity of wave, as shown in fig. 6, lower section has cave survey line because of soil disturbance, surface wave is averaged velocity of wave cR=
50m/s, no cave situation survey line, average velocity of wave cR=180m/s, for the ease of comparing close-spaced wavelength model under two kinds of different situations
The perturbation of spectrum enclosed still presses c to survey line in the case of no caveR=50m/s calculates reference wavelength；
5, it is responded to obtain measuring point amplitude spectrum by measuring point particle vibration, normalizes spectrum by formula (3), it will frequency by relationship λ=c/f
Rate is converted into wavelength and obtains in the case of no cave and have offset distance-wavelength domain amplitude spectrum cloud atlas in the case of cave, respectively as schemed
Shown in 7 and 8；
6, relatively lower section without cave and has and composes cloud atlas in the case of cave, as shown in Figure 7 and Figure 8, to lower section without cave survey line,
Spectrum energy more uniform distribution is normalized in wave-length coverage 1.2m~1.5m, and has cave survey line to lower section, energy is mainly distributed on
Wave-length coverage 0.8m~1.1m, amplitude spectrum are then disturbed in offset distance 5m~6m range, the offset distance of perturbation of spectrum interface with
Cave orientation is corresponding, corresponds to minimal characteristic wavelength by disturbance interface and estimates cave depth by formula (4).Black dotted lines square in Fig. 8
Shape collimation mark is shown as cave physical location and buried depth, will be estimated using the obtained cave of the present invention position and buried depth (see in Fig. 8 with white
Prediction buried depth and predicted position indicated by color arrow) compared with cave physical location and buried depth, it is seen then that discreet value and reality
Value is relatively coincide.
It should be understood that for those of ordinary skills, it can be modified or changed according to the above description,
And all these modifications and variations should all belong to the protection domain of appended claims of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of detection method using surface wave perturbation of spectrum prediction superficial part cave, which comprises the following steps:
S1, N number of vibration pickup is equally spaced with alignment in the suspicious cave overlying regions ground surface in underground, forms one
Survey line with N number of measuring point, N >=12, vibration source are arranged in survey line side, and are in straight line with survey line, vibration pickup away from vibration source by
Closely be followed successively by 1 to remote number, 2 ..., N；
S2, the vibration response signal that vibration source each vibration pickup of survey line after earth's surface exciting is recorded with surface wave instrument；
S3, it keeps vibration source position and each vibration pickup and vibration source relative distance constant, survey line is deflected into certain angle, repeats step
S2；
S4, step S3 is repeated, until suspicious cave region is completely covered in the fan-shaped region of survey line deflection；
S5, all measuring point vibration response signals in step S2- step S4 are made with cylinder geonetrical attenuation correction, correction signalBy
Following formula calculates,
In formula, r1、riRespectively the 1st vibration pickup, i-th of vibration pickup and vibration source spacing, xiIt (t) is the vibration of i-th of vibration pickup
Response signal, i=1,2 ..., N；
S6, two-dimensional Fourier transform is made to signal after the correction of measuring points all on survey line, obtains frequency wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum cloud
Figure, according to the corresponding frequency f of energy crestal line and wave number k gauging surface phase velocity of wave c that polarographic maximum is constituted, relational expression is as follows,
C=2 π f/k (2)
S7, one-dimensional Fourier transform is individually made to signal after the correction of measuring point each on survey line, obtains the frequency domain of different measuring points
Its spectrum peak is normalized in each measuring point spectrum to amplitude spectrum, normalization spectrumIt is calculated by following formula,
In formula, XiIt (f) is the amplitude spectrum of i-th of vibration pickup, Xi,maxFor the amplitude spectrum peak of i-th of vibration pickup, according to wavelength X,
Relationship λ=c/f between frequency f and surface phase velocity of wave c, will be in formula (3)Frequency variable is converted into wavelength, obtains suspicious hole
The offset distance of each survey line in cave region-wavelength domain amplitude spectrum cloud atlas；
S8, it is chosen in a ground surface arrangement one and step S1 without cavern influence area in suspicious cave areas adjacent
The same reference survey line of survey line, referring to step S2, with surface wave instrument record vibration source with reference to each vibration pickup of survey line after earth's surface exciting
Vibration response signal obtains offset distance-wavelength domain amplitude spectrum cloud that no cave influence area refers to survey line referring to step S5-S7
Figure；
S9, it will be obtained in the offset distance-wavelength domain amplitude spectrum cloud atlas and step S8 that obtain the suspicious each survey line in cave region in step S7
To be compared without cave influence area with reference to offset distance-wavelength domain amplitude spectrum cloud atlas of survey line, identification, the suspicious cave of interpretation
Each survey line spectrum Cloud-Picture Characteristics disturbance in region determines suspicious cave orientation by the corresponding offset distance of spectrum cloud atlas disturbance interface, by disturbing
The dynamic corresponding minimal characteristic wavelength X of interfacecritEstimate suspicious cave buried depth h, the relational expression of buried depth and minimal characteristic wavelength are as follows:
h≈λcrit (4)。
2. the detection method according to claim 1 using surface wave perturbation of spectrum prediction superficial part cave, which is characterized in that step
In rapid S1, adjacent measuring point spacing is 0.2~1m, to ensure horizontal position spatial resolution.
3. the detection method according to claim 1 using surface wave perturbation of spectrum prediction superficial part cave, which is characterized in that step
In rapid S1, vibration source and the vibration pickup shortest distance are 3m, to ensure that test zone wave field is dominated by surface wave.
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