CN108566093A - 一种多输入单输出直流变换器 - Google Patents

一种多输入单输出直流变换器 Download PDF

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CN108566093A
CN108566093A CN201810587876.9A CN201810587876A CN108566093A CN 108566093 A CN108566093 A CN 108566093A CN 201810587876 A CN201810587876 A CN 201810587876A CN 108566093 A CN108566093 A CN 108566093A
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input
current
control
voltage
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CN108566093B (zh
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陈伟
孙良伟
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Hangzhou Silergy Semiconductor Technology Ltd
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Hangzhou Silergy Semiconductor Technology Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1582Buck-boost converters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1584Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33538Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only of the forward type
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H02M3/33592Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer having a synchronous rectifier circuit or a synchronous freewheeling circuit at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0009Devices or circuits for detecting current in a converter
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0032Control circuits allowing low power mode operation, e.g. in standby mode
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0083Converters characterised by their input or output configuration
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

公开了一种多输入单输出的直流变换器和控制方法。可以将输入模块中的开关管用一个双向开关管替代,既能防止各输入源之间直接短接,又可以减小系统的损耗,提高了系统的效率。且本发明提出的多输入单输出的直流变换器可以根据不同的环境以及应用需要分别对每个输入模块进行控制,可以使其分别工作在单输入单输出模式,或多输入单输出模式,并使得输入电流或输入功率平均分配。实现了多种电源同时供电,满足了稳定性的要求。

Description

一种多输入单输出直流变换器
技术领域
本发明涉及电力电子技术,具体涉及一种多输入单输出的直流变换器和控制方法。
背景技术
近年来,太阳能、燃料电池、蓄电池等新能源发电得到了广泛的开发和利用,而单一的新能源供电存在稳定性及不连续性的问题,因此需要多种新能源联合供电,以适应不同的环境,满足不同的需求。但是若每一种新能源均配置相应的直流变换器,导致系统体积大,结构复杂。因此采用多输入变换器代替多个独立的单输入变换器,可以使得系统结构简化,成本降低。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明提出了一种多输入单输出的直流变换器和控制方法,将输入模块中的开关管用一个双向开关管替代,提高了效率,同时实现了多种电源单独供电或同时供电,满足了稳定性的要求。
根据本发明的一方面,提供了一种多输入单输出的直流变换器,其特征在于,包括:
多个输入模块,所述多个输入模块的每一个包括串联的输入源与第一开关管,且所述第一开关管为双向开关管,包括对管形式连接的两个开关管且所述两个开关管的控制端连接在一起;
输出模块,包括感性元件,与所述输入模块构成开关型功率级电路;
控制电路,包括电流控制模块、电压控制模块和逻辑控制模块;
其中所述多个输入模块的输出端并联并共同连接至所述输出模块,构成多个输入并联的直流变换器。
优选地,所述双向开关管用于防止任意两个所述输入源之间直接短接。
优选地,所述输出模块还包括第二开关管和滤波电容。
优选地,所述第二开关管被配置为同步整流管。
优选地,所述电流控制模块包括:
电流采样模块,其输入端分别连接到所述多个输入模块的输入端,用于采样输入电流并输出多个电流采样信号;
电流基准产生模块,其输入端与所述电流采样模块的输出端相连,并输出多个输入电流基准值;以及
电流比较模块,其输入端分别与所述电流采样模块的输出端和所述电流基准产生模块的输出端对应相连以接收所述多个电流采样信号和对应的所述多个输入电流基准值,其输出端与所述逻辑控制模块相连,并输出多个电流控制信号。
优选地,所述电压控制模块包括:
电压采样模块,其输入端连接到所述输出模块的输出端以接收输出电压采样信号;以及
电压比较模块,其输入端接收所述电压采样模块的输出信号,其输出端与所述逻辑控制模块相连,以输出电压控制信号。
优选地,所述逻辑控制模块根据所述多个电流控制信号和所述电压控制信号的大小选择切换为电流或电压控制模式。
优选地,所述逻辑控制模块根据所述平均电流控制信号或所述平均功率控制信号改变所述电压控制信号,从而改变所述第一开关管的导通时间。
优选地,所述输出模块根据各组成部分的不同连接方式可以与所述输入模块一起,分别构成Buck变换器或Buck-Boost变换器。
优选地,所述输出模块中的所述感性元件为变压器,所述变压器的原边绕组连接在所述多个输入模块的公共连接点和地之间,且所述输出模块与所述输入模块共同组成Flyback变换器。
优选地,所述输出模块还包括变压器和第三开关管,所述变压器的原边绕组连接在所述多个输入模块的公共连接点和地之间。
优选地,所述输入模块还包括并联在所述变压器原边绕组两端的复位电路,所述输入模块与所述输出模块共同组成Forward变换器。
根据本发明的另一方面,还提供了一种多输入单输出的直流变换器的控制方法,所述多输入单输出的直流变换器包括多个输入模块和一个输出模块,其特征在于,所述每个输入模块分别包括输入源和双向开关管,其中,所述双向开关管由两个对管连接且控制端相连的开关管组成,所述控制方法包括:
判断负载的状态;
当判断结果表明负载较轻时,根据电压控制信号调节一个所述输入模块的所述双向开关管的占空比以维持输出电压于电压基准值;以及
当判断结果表明负载较重时,分别根据所述电压控制信号和所述多个输入模块对应的电流控制信号分别调节所述多个输入模块对应的所述双向开关管的占空比以维持所述输出电压于所述电压基准值,并且控制所述多个输入模块对应的输入电流分别等于对应的电流基准值。
优选地,两个以上所述输入模块投入工作时,在对应的双向开关管导通前分别加入死区时间,避免任意两个所述输入模块对应的双向开关管同时导通造成短路。
优选地,所述电压控制信号是通过采样输出电压,并将其与所述电压基准值比较而得到的。
优选地,所述电流控制信号是通过采样投入工作的所述输入模块的所述输入电流,并将其分别与对应的所述电流基准值比较而得到的。
优选地,当所述多个输入模块的个数为N(N>1)时,控制M(1<M<N)个所述输入模块逐个投入工作。
优选地,控制所述M个输入模块逐个投入工作包括:
比较所述电压控制信号和所述电流控制信号,以选择切换为电流或电压控制模式,从而控制第一个所述输入模块对应的双向开关管;其中
若所述第一个输入模块工作于电流控制模式,则继续投入第二个所述输入模块,依次类推,直到第M个所述输入模块工作于电压控制模式。
优选地,控制所述多个输入模块均工作于平均电流模式,其中每一个所述输入模块对应的所述电流基准值分别相等,为所述多个输入模块对应的输入电流的平均值。
优选地,控制所述多个输入模块均工作于平均功率模式,其中每一个所述输入模块对应的所述电流基准值分别根据对应的所述输入源的值计算得到,以使得每一个所述输入模块的输入功率分别相等。
优选地,根据所述电流控制信号改变所述电压控制信号,以调节对应的所述双向开关管的占空比。
通过将输入模块中的开关管用一个双向开关管替代,既能防止各输入源之间直接短接,又可以减小系统的损耗,提高了系统的效率。且本发明提出的多输入单输出的直流变换器可以根据不同的环境以及应用需要分别对每个输入模块进行控制,可以使其分别工作在单输入单输出模式,或多输入单输出模式,并使得多个输入模块的输入电流平均分配或输入功率平均分配。实现了多种电源同时供电,满足了稳定性的要求。
附图说明
通过以下参照附图对本发明实施例的描述,本发明的上述以及其它目的、特征和优点将更为清楚,在附图中:
图1是本发明实施例的多输入单输出的Buck变换器的电路拓扑结构图;
图2是本发明实施例的多输入单输出的Buck变换器的控制电路框图;
图3是本发明实施例的多输入单输出的Buck变换器的控制方法流程图;
图4是本发明实施例的多输入单输出的Buck-Boost变换器的电路拓扑结构图;
图5是本发明实施例的多输入单输出的Flyback变换器的电路拓扑结构图;
图6是本发明实施例的多输入单输出的Forward变换器的电路拓扑结构图。
具体实施方式
以下基于实施例对本发明进行描述,但是本发明并不仅仅限于这些实施例。在下文对本发明的细节描述中,详尽描述了一些特定的细节部分。对本领域技术人员来说没有这些细节部分的描述也可以完全理解本发明。为了避免混淆本发明的实质,公知的方法、过程、流程、元件和电路并没有详细叙述。
此外,本领域普通技术人员应当理解,在此提供的附图都是为了说明的目的,并且附图不一定是按比例绘制的。
同时,应当理解,在以下的描述中,“电路”是指由至少一个元件或子电路通过电气连接或电磁连接构成的导电回路。当称元件或电路“连接到”另一元件或称元件/电路“连接在”两个节点之间时,它可以是直接耦接或连接到另一元件或者可以存在中间元件,元件之间的连接可以是物理上的、逻辑上的、或者其结合。相反,当称元件“直接耦接到”或“直接连接到”另一元件时,意味着两者不存在中间元件。
除非上下文明确要求,否则整个说明书和权利要求书中的“包括”、“包含”等类似词语应当解释为包含的含义而不是排他或穷举的含义;也就是说,是“包括但不限于”的含义。
在本发明的描述中,需要理解的是,术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于描述目的,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。此外,在本发明的描述中,除非另有说明,“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。
图1是本发明实施例的多输入单输出的Buck变换器的电路拓扑结构图。如图1所示,多输入单输出的Buck变换器包括N个并联的输入模块和一个输出模块。每个输入模块分别由输入源U1、U2、…、Un和对应的第一开关管Q11,Q12…Q1n串联构成,每个输入模块的输出端在公共连接点LX处相连,其中为了防止任意两个输入源之间直接短接,每个开关管均被配置为一种双向开关管,包括对管形式连接的两个开关管,其栅极连接在一起,以接收同一个驱动信号。输出模块包括第二开关管Q2,滤波电感L及滤波电容C,其中第二开关管Q2连接在N个输入模块的公共连接点LX与地之间,提供续流通路;滤波电感L与滤波电容C串联在N个输入模块的公共连接点LX和地之间。
图2为本发明实施例的多输入单输出的Buck变换器的控制框图。如图2所示,控制电路包括电压控制模块Gv、电流控制模块Gi、逻辑控制模块G。电压控制模块Gv包括电压采样模块Gv1和电压比较模块Gv2。电压采样模块Gv1采样输出电压反馈信号Vfb并输出到电压比较模块Gv2,电压比较模块Gv2根据电压基准值Vref进行输出电压控制。电流控制模块Gi包括电流采样模块Gi1、电流基准产生模块Gi2和电流控制模块Gi3。电流采样模块Gi1用以采样N个输入电流从而得到每个输入电流采样信号I1、I2…In;电流基准产生模块Gi2用于根据不同模式生成不同的电流基准值If1、If2…Ifn;电流比较模块Gi3用于根据电流采样电路输出的多个输入电流采样信号和对应的多个电流基准值If1、If2…Ifn产生多个电流控制信号Vci1、Vci2…Vcin,并输出到逻辑控制模块G。逻辑控制模块G根据不同的工作模式选择不同的控制模式,并产生N+1个驱动信号Vg1、Vg2、…、Vg(n+1)以驱动所述第一开关管Q11、Q12…Q1n和第二开关管Q2。
图3给出了本发明实施例的多输入单输出的Buck变换器的控制方法的流程图。下面结合流程图具体描述一下工作过程。
首先判断负载状态,然后根据负载情况的不同,分别工作在以下3种不同的模式中:
模式1:轻载下,N个输入模块中的N个开关管只有一个处于开关状态,其余均关断,该开关与开关管Q2、滤波电感L,滤波电容C构成了单输入单输出的Buck变换器,在此不详细描述其工作过程。此外,可以根据实际使用需求,预先对N个输入模块设定优先级顺序,再根据优先级顺序控制其中一个输入模块工作,其余输入模块不工作,由此降低变换器的功耗。
模式2:当负载逐渐加重,在预先设定优先级的条件下,N个输入模块中的M个输入模块投入工作,M为大于1且小于N的整数。该模式下,当电流比较模块Gi3检测到第一输入模块的输入电流I1达到对应的电流基准值If1后,输出第一电流控制信号Vci1到逻辑控制电路G,此时逻辑控制模块G将之前维持输出电压Vout于电压基准值Vref的电压控制模式切换到维持输入电流I1于对应的电流基准值If1的电流控制模式。如果此时负载继续加重,那么输出电压Vout将会低于电压基准值Vref,于是第二输入模块会自动投入工作,同时电流比较模块Gi3输出相应的电流控制信号Vci2到逻辑控制电路G,再通过比较电流控制信号Vi2和电压控制信号Vc的大小,选择切换为电流控制还是电压控制模式。投入的顺序可以根据需要进行调整,同时投入的开关管导通前加入死区时间,避免两个输入模块的开关管同时导通造成短路。依此类推,直到第M模块的输入电流Im小于对应的电流基准值Ifm,逻辑控制电路G则工作在电压控制模式,将输出电压Vout维持在电压基准值Vref。开关管Q2的开启时刻与关断时刻将由逻辑控制模块G根据M个输入模块对应的开关管的开关时序以及电感电流过零点决定,即在每个开关周期中,开关管Q2在第M个开关管关断后至开关周期结束前的期间内导通。
模式3:负载较重时,N个输入模块均投入工作,实现N个输入模块的输入电流平均分配或输入功率的平均分配。不同的是,在平均输入电流模式下,多个电流基准值相等,为电流基准产生模块Gi2根据多个输入电流采样信号计算得到的多个输入模块对应的输入电流的平均值;而在平均输入功率模式下,多个电流基准值分别由电流基准产生模块Gi2根据多个输入电流采样信号和多个输入源的大小分别计算得到,以使得每一个输入模块对应的输入功率分别相等。电流比较模块Gi3将每个输入电流采样信号分别与不同模式下得到的电流基准值比较,输出多个电流控制信号Vci1、Vci2…Vcin。逻辑控制模块G在不同模式下根据电流控制信号改变电压控制信号Vc,从而调节开关管Q11、Q11…Q1n的占空比,维持输出电压等于电压基准值Vref。其中,每两个输入模块的开关管在每个开关周期中的导通时间是互不重合的,即Q11导通占空比D1,Q11关断后Q11再导通占空比D2,…,Q1n-1关断后Q1n再导通占空比Dn,Q1n关断后Q2再导通,至电感电流续流完成,至此,一个开关周期结束。每个开关管关断至下一个开关管导通前均插入死区时间,防止两个开关管同时导通。
由于以下实施例中控制电路均相似,在此就不再给出。
图4是本发明实施例的多输入单输出的Buck-Boost变换器的电路拓扑结构图。如图4所示,与多输入单输出的Buck变换器相比,不同之处在于多输入单输出的Buck-Boost变换器的输出模块中开关管Q2与滤波电感L的位置进行了互换。其控制方法也与多输入单输出的Buck变换器相似,在此不再详细描述。
图5是本发明实施例的多输入单输出的Flyback变换器的电路拓扑结构图。如图5所示,与多输入单输出的Buck变换器相比,不同的是多输入单输出的Flyback变换器的输出模块中包括变压器T,开关管Q2,滤波电容C。变压器T的原边绕组并联在N个输入模块的公共连接点LX和地之间,副边绕组与开关管Q1串联后再与滤波电容C并联。其控制方法也与多输入单输出的Buck变换器相似,在此不再详细描述。
图6是本发明实施例的多输入单输出的Forward变换器的电路拓扑结构图。如图6所示,与多输入单输出的Buck变换器相比,不同之处在于多输入单输出的Forward变换器的输出模块中包括变压器T、开关管Q2与第三开关管Q3,滤波电感L,滤波电容C。变压器T的原边绕组并联在N个输入模块的公共连接点LX和地之间,且并联复位电路,副边绕组与第三开关管Q3串联后再与开关管Q2并联,滤波电感L和滤波电容C串联连接在开关管Q2与第四开关管Q4的公共端与地之间。其中复位电路可以有多种形式,在此就不详细描述。其控制方法也与多输入单输出的Buck变换器相似,不同之处在于第三开关管Q3在任一开关管Q11、Q12、…、Q1n导通时导通。
本发明提出的一种多输入单输出的直流变换器,可以将输入模块中的开关管用一个双向开关管替代,既能防止各输入源之间直接短接,又可以减小系统的损耗,提高了系统的效率。且本发明提出的多输入单输出的直流变换器可以根据不同的环境以及应用需要分别对每个输入模块进行控制,可以使其分别工作在单输入单输出模式,或多输入单输出模式,并使得多个输入模块的输入电流平均分配或输入功率平均分配。实现了多种电源同时供电,满足了稳定性的要求。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例,并不用于限制本发明,对于本领域技术人员而言,本发明可以有各种改动和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原理之内所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (21)

1.一种多输入单输出的直流变换器,包括:
多个输入模块,所述多个输入模块的每一个包括串联的输入源与第一开关管,且所述第一开关管为双向开关管,包括对管形式连接的两个开关管且所述两个开关管的控制端连接在一起;
输出模块,包括感性元件,与所述输入模块构成开关型功率级电路;
控制电路,包括电流控制模块、电压控制模块和逻辑控制模块;
其中所述多个输入模块的输出端并联并共同连接至所述输出模块,构成多个输入并联的直流变换器。
2.根据权利要求1所述的直流变换器,其特征在于,所述双向开关管用于防止任意两个所述输入源之间直接短接。
3.根据权利要求1所述的直流变换器,其特征在于,所述输出模块还包括第二开关管和滤波电容。
4.根据权利要求3所述的直流变换器,其特征在于,所述第二开关管被配置为同步整流管。
5.根据权利要求1所述的直流变换器,其特征在于,所述电流控制模块包括:
电流采样模块,其输入端分别连接到所述多个输入模块的输入端,用于采样输入电流并输出多个电流采样信号;
电流基准产生模块,其输入端与所述电流采样模块的输出端相连,并输出多个输入电流基准值;以及
电流比较模块,其输入端分别与所述电流采样模块的输出端和所述电流基准产生模块的输出端对应相连以接收所述多个电流采样信号和对应的所述多个输入电流基准值,其输出端与所述逻辑控制模块相连,并输出多个电流控制信号。
6.根据权利要求5所述的直流变换器,其特征在于,所述电压控制模块包括:
电压采样模块,其输入端连接到所述输出模块的输出端以接收输出电压采样信号;以及
电压比较模块,其输入端接收所述电压采样模块的输出信号,其输出端与所述逻辑控制模块相连,以输出电压控制信号。
7.根据权利要求6所述的直流变换器,其特征在于,所述逻辑控制模块根据所述多个电流控制信号和所述电压控制信号的大小选择切换为电流或电压控制模式。
8.根据权利要求6所述的直流变换器,其特征在于,所述逻辑控制模块根据所述多个电流控制信号改变所述电压控制信号,从而改变所述第一开关管的导通时间。
9.根据权利要求3所述的直流变换器,其特征在于,所述输出模块根据各组成部分的不同连接方式与所述输入模块一起,分别构成Buck变换器或Buck-Boost变换器。
10.根据权利要求3所述的直流变换器,其特征在于,所述输出模块中的所述感性元件为变压器,所述变压器的原边绕组连接在所述多个输入模块的公共连接点和地之间,且所述输出模块与所述输入模块共同组成Flyback变换器。
11.根据权利要求3所述的直流变换器,其特征在于,所述输出模块还包括变压器和第三开关管,所述变压器的原边绕组连接在所述多个输入模块的公共连接点和地之间。
12.根据权利要求11所述的直流变换器,其特征在于,所述输入模块还包括并联在所述变压器原边绕组两端的复位电路,所述输入模块与所述输出模块共同组成Forward变换器。
13.一种多输入单输出的直流变换器的控制方法,所述多输入单输出的直流变换器包括多个输入模块和一个输出模块,其特征在于,所述每个输入模块分别包括输入源和双向开关管,其中,所述双向开关管由两个对管连接且控制端相连的开关管组成,所述控制方法包括:
判断负载的状态;
当判断结果表明负载较轻时,根据电压控制信号调节一个所述输入模块的所述双向开关管的占空比以维持输出电压于电压基准值;以及
当判断结果表明负载较重时,分别根据所述电压控制信号和所述多个输入模块对应的电流控制信号分别调节所述多个输入模块对应的所述双向开关管的占空比以维持所述输出电压于所述电压基准值,并且控制所述多个输入模块对应的输入电流分别等于对应的电流基准值。
14.根据权利要求13所述的控制方法,其特征在于,两个以上所述输入模块投入工作时,在对应的双向开关管导通前分别加入死区时间,避免任意两个所述输入模块对应的双向开关管同时导通造成短路。
15.根据权利要求13所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述电压控制信号是通过采样输出电压,并将其与所述电压基准值比较而得到的。
16.根据权利要求13所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述电流控制信号是通过采样投入工作的所述输入模块的所述输入电流,并将其分别与对应的所述电流基准值比较而得到的。
17.根据权利要求13所述的控制方法,其特征在于,当所述多个输入模块的个数为N(N>1)时,控制M(1<M<N)个所述输入模块逐个投入工作。
18.根据权利要求17所述的控制方法,其特征在于,控制所述M个输入模块逐个投入工作包括:
比较所述电压控制信号和所述电流控制信号,以选择切换为电流或电压控制模式,从而控制第一个所述输入模块对应的双向开关管;其中
若第一输入模块工作于电流控制模式,则继续投入第二输入模块,依次类推,直到第M输入模块工作于电压控制模式。
19.根据权利要求13所述的控制方法,其特征在于,控制所述多个输入模块均工作于平均电流模式,其中每一个所述输入模块对应的所述电流基准值分别相等,为所述多个输入模块对应的输入电流的平均值。
20.根据权利要求13所述的控制方法,其特征在于,控制所述多个输入模块均工作于平均功率模式,其中每一个所述输入模块对应的所述电流基准值分别根据对应的所述输入源的值计算得到,以使得每一个所述输入模块的输入功率分别相等。
21.根据权利要求19或20所述的控制方法,其特征在于,根据所述电流控制信号改变所述电压控制信号,以调节对应的所述双向开关管的占空比。
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