CN108564258B - Urban fire hydrant management method based on GIS - Google Patents
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Abstract
A GIS-based urban fire hydrant management method comprises the following steps: a1, acquiring required data; a2, screening the acquired data; a3, compiling a script method according to the screened data; a4, performing preliminary analysis according to the result obtained by the written script method; a5, importing data into ArcGIS Pro; a6, gradient extraction and processing are carried out on the elevation data; a7, processing data of the water supply network; a8, analyzing and processing the population density of the region; a9, generating a cost data set; a10, adding a script and creating network analysis; a11 analyzes the generated network model to obtain a reasonable management method. The invention provides a management method of an urban fire hydrant with high fire hydrant use efficiency based on actual terrain, actual distribution of a water supply network and actual distribution situation of population density of a district by combining a GIS.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the fields of geographic information data processing, computer application, geography, graph theory, network analysis and management science and engineering, in particular to a GIS-based fire hydrant management method.
Background
Along with the rapid development of economy and the continuous improvement of the urbanization level in China, the urban scale (including areas, population and economy) is increased day by day, meanwhile, various disaster-causing factors are increased rapidly, and various fire accidents frequently occur (forest, grassland, mine and military fire are not contained, and the urban fire or the fire for short are called as the fire for short). According to statistics, in the year 2000-2010 of a new era, various fire accidents 1575431 occur nationwide in an accumulated mode, 392 occur every day on average, direct economic loss caused by fire is accumulated to 125.2 hundred million yuan, and the number of dead people reaches 22023. Especially, when a serious or extra-large fire accident happens, huge economic loss, pain and catastrophic memory are brought to people, for example, when an extra-large fire happens in hundreds of commercial buildings in Jilin city 2, 15 days as early as 2004, 54 people die and 70 people are injured (14 people are injured seriously and 56 people are injured lightly), and the direct economic loss is about 426 ten thousand yuan; 14 th 9 th 2006, 15 dead people and 2 injured people caused by fire disaster caused by short circuit of an electric circuit in Fuyin mansion in Wuxing area of Huzhou city of Zhejiang province, and the direct property loss is 736 ten thousand yuan; 12 months 12 days in 2007, 21 people die and 1 person is injured due to fire disaster caused by short circuit of a lighting circuit in a suspended ceiling by Xilu duo fresh gardening limited company of Wenzhou, Zhejiang, and direct property loss is 725.8 ten thousand yuan; in 11/15 th 2010, 58 deaths and 71 injuries of large fire accidents caused by enterprise violation occur in the Guzhou road 728 apartment buildings in the quiet area of Shanghai city, the fire passing area of the buildings is 12000 square meters, and the direct economic loss is 1.58 million yuan; particularly, 6 months and 3 days in 2013, the fire disaster happens to Jilin Dehuibao Yuanfeng poultry company, which causes a serious disaster that 119 people are injured by 77 people in distress. Therefore, fire fighting becomes a serious task for preventing and dealing with fire.
In fire fighting, a fire hydrant plays a very important role as one of the accessories of a water supply network in cities, and is an important device for fire control. However, with the rapid development of national economy, the construction of cities is changing day by day, the scale of cities is continuously enlarged, the urban topography is increasingly complex, and the population density of cities changes, which all bring higher difficulty and requirements to the management of fire hydrants. The existing fire hydrant has the characteristics of dispersed installation, easy damage, difficult maintenance, complex management and the like, so that the phenomena of water leakage, illegal water use by residents, water stealing in construction sites and the like of the fire hydrant occur occasionally, the pressure of domestic water of the residents nearby the fire hydrant is insufficient, the fire fighting equipment is seriously damaged, even the phenomena of insufficient water supply pressure on a fire scene, emergency repair water cut-off and the like occur, the optimal time period for fire extinguishment is delayed, the great personal and property loss is caused, and the urban fire fighting safety is influenced. Therefore, a reasonable method of fire hydrant management is important to alleviate the above problems.
However, for fire hydrant management, fire hydrants are managed in most areas of China in a manual mode, and workload is great. Because the fire hydrant management relates to factors such as terrain, a water supply pipe network and population density, the fire hydrant management method in a manual mode is difficult to consider cost and service quality, and the problem that the utilization rate of the fire hydrant is low is caused.
Therefore, the existing fire hydrant management method has the defects and needs to be improved.
The invention content is as follows:
in order to overcome the defects of a manual management method in the prior art, the invention provides a city fire hydrant management method which considers factors such as terrain, water supply network distribution, population density and the like by means of a GIS network analysis technology.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a fire hydrant management method based on a GIS comprises the following steps:
a1, acquiring elevation data H of a city, water supply network data W, section population density P and position information S of a fire hydrant point (S)1,s2,…,si,…,snAnd fire station location information X ═ X1,x2,…,xj,…,xsIn which s isiData information representing the ith fire hydrant point, i belongs to {1,2, …, n }, and n represents the total number of fire hydrant points; x is the number ofjInformation representing the jth fire station, s representing the total number of fire stations;
a2, defining elevation data in different ranges, and recording as H ═ Ha}，haRepresenting the corresponding values of elevation data, h, in different rangesaThe larger the value of (c) represents the higher the altitude of the location, and the same is defined as W ═ W for the water supply network data W and the segment population density PbP ═ Pb}，wbRepresentative water supply pipeValue, w, corresponding to the net databA larger value of (A) represents a denser network of water supply at that location, pbValues corresponding to the population density, p, representing different ranges of the regionbThe larger the value of (b) represents the larger the population of the site, the distance m between the fire station j and the fire hydrant point i is definedjiThen get a set of distance sets M ═ M1s,m2s,…,mji,…,mn2,mn1}；
A3, calculating H, W, P according to weight to obtain new reference value, and marking as CdReference value CdRepresenting the degree of availability of the hydrant in a circle of radius length r centered at point d, thus dividing the path from station j to hydrant point i into a set of reference values
Calculated according to the formula (1),
wherein
Representing the t-th group of reference values, ω, of the total path from station j to hydrant point ih、ωw、ωpRepresenting the corresponding weight, ωhRepresenting the effect of elevation on a reference value, omegawIndicating the influence of the supply network conditions on the reference value, omegapRepresenting the influence of the population density of the region on the reference value, and omegah+ωw+ωp＝1，0≤ωg≤1，0≤ωf≤1，0≤ωp≤1；
A4, set of pairs
Averaging the reference values in
Then, the variance value is obtained through the average value
Representing the difficulty degree from the fire station j to the fire hydrant point i, and calculating
Square root of
By calculating mjiHeel siProduct of and
to obtain NjiI.e., the comprehensiveness of the fire station j to the hydrant point i, as shown in equation (2),
k is the total number of groups obtained by grouping the total path from the fire station j to the fire hydrant point i;
a5, analyzing the magnitude of the comprehensive accessibility of different fire hydrant points to judge which fire hydrant points need to be withdrawn, which fire hydrant points need to be maintained and which fire hydrant points need to be reset, wherein the larger the comprehensive accessibility of the fire hydrant points is, the more important the fire hydrant points are, and the fire hydrant points need to be maintained;
a6, importing elevation data including cities, water supply network data, district population density, position information of fire hydrant points and fire station information into ArcGIS Pro client software;
a7, processing elevation data, wherein because the slope of a mountain land has an influence on the accessibility of a fire truck, firstly, a data set is created, the slope and the slope belong to first-order terrain factors, Surface Analysis is selected in a Spatial Analysis Tools drop table frame in ArcGIS Pro, slope is clicked, and the elevation data are subjected to slope extraction and processing to generate a slope map;
a8, processing data of a water supply Network, selecting Network Analysis and clicking a create Network in a pull-down list box of Spatial Analysis Tools in ArcGIS Pro, wherein the distribution of the water supply Network can also influence the service efficiency of the fire hydrant, and the distribution condition of the water supply Network is obtained by analyzing and processing the data of the water supply Network;
a9, processing the population density of the district, wherein the size of the population density of the district has great influence on the utilization degree and the utilization efficiency of the fire hydrant, so that a data set of the population density of the district is created by processing the data of the population density of the district, the density is selected in a Spatial analysis Tools drop-down form frame in ArcGIS Pro, and the population density is processed to generate a population density map;
a10, setting weights according to the elevation gradient situation, the distribution situation of a water supply network and the population density situation of a region, namely the implementation of the step A3, and implementing and generating a final cost data set through Spatial analysis Tools in ArcGIS Pro;
a11, reintroducing the cost data set into ArcGIS Pro, adding the method in A4, finally creating a network analysis model for classifying fire hydrant points, and analyzing the fire hydrant points needing to be withdrawn, the fire hydrant points needing to be maintained and the fire hydrant points needing to be added through the network analysis model;
further, in the step a1, the acquired location information of the fire hydrant point includes information of a damage degree of the point and information of a use frequency.
Still further, in step a10, the final cost data set is generated by combining the grade map, the water supply network map, and the population density map.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention provides a management method of an urban fire hydrant based on actual terrain, actual distribution of a water supply network and actual distribution situation of population density of a district by combining a GIS (geographic information system), and the use efficiency of the fire hydrant is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a GIS-based urban fire hydrant management method.
Fig. 2 is a map of the location information displayed on ArcGIS Pro after data is imported.
FIG. 3 is a classification diagram of fire hydrant points generated after network analysis processing.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, a method for managing an urban fire hydrant based on a GIS includes the following steps:
a1, acquiring elevation data H of a city, water supply network data W, section population density P and position information S of a fire hydrant point (S)1,s2,…,si,…,snAnd fire station location information X ═ X1,x2,…,xj,…,xsIn which s isiData information representing the ith fire hydrant point, i belongs to {1,2, …, n }, and n represents the total number of fire hydrant points; x is the number ofjInformation representing the jth fire station, s representing the total number of fire stations;
a2, defining elevation data in different ranges, and recording as H ═ Ha}，haRepresenting the corresponding values of elevation data, h, in different rangesaThe larger the value of (c) represents the higher the altitude of the location, and the same is defined as W ═ W for the water supply network data W and the segment population density PbP ═ Pb}，wbValues corresponding to data representing the water supply network, wbA larger value of (A) represents a denser network of water supply at that location, pbValues corresponding to the population density, p, representing different ranges of the regionbThe larger the value of (b) represents the larger the population of the site, the distance m between the fire station j and the fire hydrant point i is definedjiThen get a set of distance sets M ═ M1s,m2s,…,mji,…,mn2,mn1}；
A3, calculating H, W, P according to weight to obtain new reference value, and marking as CdReference value CdRepresenting the degree of availability of the hydrant in a circle of radius length r centered at point d, thus dividing the path from station j to hydrant point i into a set of reference values
Calculated according to the formula (1),
wherein
Representing the t-th group of reference values, ω, of the total path from station j to hydrant point ih、ωw、ωpRepresenting the corresponding weight, ωhRepresenting the effect of elevation on a reference value, omegawIndicating the influence of the supply network conditions on the reference value, omegapRepresenting the influence of the population density of the region on the reference value, and omegah+ωw+ωp＝1，0≤ωg≤1，0≤ωf≤1，0≤ωp≤1；
A4, set of pairs
Averaging the reference values in
Then, the variance value is obtained through the average value
Representing the difficulty degree from the fire station j to the fire hydrant point i, and calculating
Square root of
By calculating mjiHeel siProduct of and
to obtain
I.e., the combined accessibility of the fire station j to the hydrant point i, as shown in equation (2),
k is the total number of groups obtained by grouping the total path from the fire station j to the fire hydrant point i;
a5, analyzing the magnitude of the comprehensive accessibility of different fire hydrant points to judge which fire hydrant points need to be withdrawn, which fire hydrant points need to be maintained and which fire hydrant points need to be reset, wherein the larger the comprehensive accessibility of the fire hydrant points is, the more important the fire hydrant points are, and the fire hydrant points need to be maintained;
a6, importing elevation data including cities, water supply network data, district population density, position information of fire hydrant points and fire station information into ArcGIS Pro client software;
a7, processing elevation data, wherein because the slope of a mountain land has an influence on the accessibility of a fire truck, firstly, a data set is created, the slope and the slope belong to first-order terrain factors, Surface Analysis is selected in a Spatial Analysis Tools drop table frame in ArcGIS Pro, slope is clicked, and the elevation data are subjected to slope extraction and processing to generate a slope map;
a8, processing data of a water supply Network, selecting Network Analysis and clicking a create Network in a pull-down list box of Spatial Analysis Tools in ArcGIS Pro, wherein the distribution of the water supply Network can also influence the service efficiency of the fire hydrant, and the distribution condition of the water supply Network is obtained by analyzing and processing the data of the water supply Network;
a9, processing the population density of the district, wherein the size of the population density of the district has great influence on the utilization degree and the utilization efficiency of the fire hydrant, so that a data set of the population density of the district is created by processing the data of the population density of the district, the density is selected in a Spatial analysis Tools drop-down form frame in ArcGIS Pro, and the population density is processed to generate a population density map;
a10, setting weights according to the elevation gradient situation, the distribution situation of a water supply network and the population density situation of a region, namely the implementation of the step A3, and implementing and generating a final cost data set through Spatial analysis Tools in ArcGIS Pro;
a11, reintroducing the cost data set into ArcGIS Pro, adding the method in A4, finally creating a network analysis model for classifying fire hydrant points, and analyzing the fire hydrant points needing to be withdrawn, the fire hydrant points needing to be maintained and the fire hydrant points needing to be added through the network analysis model;
taking a certain area of Nanjing, Jiangsu as an example, a GIS-based urban fire hydrant management method comprises the following steps:
a1, obtaining elevation data H, water supply network data W, district population density data P, and position information data S of fire hydrant point in certain area of Nanjing city of Jiangsu province1,s2,…,si,…,snAnd fire station location information data X ═ X1,x2,…,xj,…,xsAs shown in fig. 2, where the small circle represents the location of the hydrant and the large circle represents the location of the fire station, where n-56, s-3;
a2, extracting elevation data h of each fire hydrant point from the elevation data obtained in A1iScreening data P with large population density from the population density data P of the region obtained from a1 (P ═ P)1,p2,…p10Establishing a water supply network model W from the water supply network data W obtained from A1, wherein W is the ratio of the water supply network to the network model W1,w2,…w10And a network model of the water supply network is established based on the distribution of the population density of the district, and the water supply network which has little influence on the population of the district is not considered. Calculating a group of distance groups M between the fire station j and the fire hydrant point i as M1s,m2s,…,mji,…,mn2,mn1}；
A3, radius r 1000, ωh＝0.1、ωw＝0.4、ωpWhen 0.5, L is calculated according to formula (1)t ji；
A4, set of pairs
Averaging the reference values in
Then, the variance value is obtained through the average value
Representing the difficulty degree from the fire station j to the fire hydrant point i, and calculating
Square root of
By calculating mjiHeel siProduct of and
to obtain
I.e., the combined accessibility of the fire station j to the hydrant point i, as shown in equation (2),
a5, analyzing the magnitude of the comprehensive accessibility of different fire hydrant points, preliminarily judging which fire hydrant points need to be withdrawn, which fire hydrant points need to be maintained, and which fire hydrant points need to be reset, wherein the larger the comprehensive accessibility of the fire hydrant points is, the more important the fire hydrant points are, and the fire hydrant points need to be maintained;
a6, importing characteristic information including elevation data of a city, water supply network data, district population density, position information of fire hydrant points, information of fire stations and the like into ArcGIS client software ArcGIS Pro; FIG. 2 is the position information of the fire hydrant and the position information of the fire station displayed after ArcGIS Pro is successfully introduced;
a7, selecting Surface Analysis in a Spatial Analysis Tools drop-down table frame in ArcGIS Pro, clicking slope, extracting and processing the slope of the elevation data, and generating a slope map;
a8, selecting Network Analysis and clicking create Network in a Spatial Analysis Tools drop list box in ArcGIS Pro, processing water supply Network data, wherein the distribution of a water supply Network can also influence the service efficiency of the fire hydrant, and the distribution condition of the water supply Network is obtained by analyzing and processing the water supply Network data;
a9, processing data of the population density of the region, creating a data set of the population density of the region, selecting intensity in a Spatial analysis Tools drop-down form frame in ArcGIS Pro, and processing the population density to generate a population density map;
a10, setting weights according to the elevation gradient situation, the distribution situation of a water supply network and the population density situation of a region, and realizing and generating a final cost data set through Spatial analysis Tools in ArcGIS Pro;
a11, reintroducing the cost data set into ArcGIS Pro, adding the method in A4, finally creating a network analysis model for classifying fire hydrant points, and analyzing the fire hydrant points needing to be withdrawn, the fire hydrant points needing to be maintained and the fire hydrant points needing to be added through the network analysis model;
while the foregoing has described the preferred embodiments of the present invention, it will be apparent that the invention is not limited to the embodiments described, but can be practiced with modification without departing from the essential spirit of the invention and without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. A GIS-based urban fire hydrant management method is characterized in that: the urban fire hydrant management method comprises the following steps:
a1, acquiring elevation data H of a city, water supply network data W, section population density P and position information S of a fire hydrant point (S)1,s2,…,si,…,snGreat court and fire station position information X ═ great courtx1,x2,…,xj,…,xsIn which s isiData information representing the ith fire hydrant point, i belongs to {1,2, …, n }, and n represents the total number of fire hydrant points; x is the number ofjInformation representing the jth fire station, s representing the total number of fire stations;
a2, defining elevation data in different ranges, and recording as H ═ Ha}，haRepresenting the corresponding values of elevation data, h, in different rangesaThe larger the value of (c) represents the higher the altitude of the location, and the same is defined as W ═ W for the water supply network data W and the segment population density PbP ═ Pb}，wbValues corresponding to data representing the water supply network, wbA larger value of (A) represents a denser network of water supply at that location, pbValues corresponding to the population density, p, representing different ranges of the regionbThe larger the value of (b) represents the larger the population of the site, the distance m between the fire station j and the fire hydrant point i is definedjiThen get a set of distance sets M ═ M1s,m2s,…,mji,…,mn2,mn1}；
A3, calculating H, W, P according to weight to obtain new reference value, and marking as CdReference value CdRepresenting the degree of availability of the hydrant in a circle of radius length r centered at point d, thus dividing the path from station j to hydrant point i into a set of reference values
Calculated according to the formula (1),
wherein
Indicating fire station j to fireT-th group of reference values, omega, of the total path of the anti-embolism point ih、ωw、ωpRepresenting the corresponding weight, ωhRepresenting the effect of elevation on a reference value, omegawIndicating the influence of the supply network conditions on the reference value, omegapRepresenting the influence of the population density of the region on the reference value, and omegah+ωw+ωp＝1，0≤ωh≤1，0≤ωw≤1，0≤ωp≤1；
A4, set of pairs
Averaging the reference values in
Then, the variance value is obtained through the average value
Representing the difficulty degree from the fire station j to the fire hydrant point i, and calculating
Square root of
By calculating mjiHeel siProduct of and
to obtain NjiI.e., the comprehensiveness of the fire station j to the hydrant point i, as shown in equation (2),
a5, analyzing the magnitude of the comprehensive accessibility of different fire hydrant points to judge which fire hydrant points need to be withdrawn, which fire hydrant points need to be maintained and which fire hydrant points need to be reset, wherein the larger the comprehensive accessibility of the fire hydrant points is, the more important the fire hydrant points are, and the fire hydrant points need to be maintained;
a6, importing elevation data including cities, water supply network data, district population density, position information of fire hydrant points and fire station information into ArcGIS Pro client software;
a7, processing elevation data, wherein because the slope of a mountain land has an influence on the accessibility of a fire truck, firstly, a data set is created, the slope and the slope belong to first-order terrain factors, Surface Analysis is selected in a Spatial Analysis Tools drop table frame in ArcGIS Pro, slope is clicked, and the elevation data are subjected to slope extraction and processing to generate a slope map;
a8, processing data of a water supply Network, selecting Network Analysis and clicking a create Network in a pull-down list box of Spatial Analysis Tools in ArcGIS Pro, wherein the distribution of the water supply Network can also influence the service efficiency of the fire hydrant, and the distribution condition of the water supply Network is obtained by analyzing and processing the data of the water supply Network;
a9, processing the population density of the district, wherein the population density of the district has great influence on the utilization degree and the utilization efficiency of the fire hydrant, so that a data set of the population density of the district is created by processing the data of the population density of the district, the density is selected in a spatialanalysis Tools drop-down form frame in ArcGIS Pro, and the population density is processed to generate a population density map;
a10, setting weights according to the elevation gradient situation, the distribution situation of a water supply network and the population density situation of a region, namely the implementation of the step A3, and implementing and generating a final cost data set through Spatial analysis Tools in ArcGIS Pro;
a11, reintroducing the cost data set into ArcGIS Pro, adding the method in A4, and finally creating a network analysis model for classifying fire hydrant points, and analyzing the fire hydrant points needing to be withdrawn, the fire hydrant points needing to be maintained and the fire hydrant points needing to be added through the network analysis model.
2. The GIS-based urban fire hydrant management method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step a1, the obtained position information of the fire hydrant point includes information of a damage degree of the point and information of a use frequency.
3. The GIS-based urban fire hydrant management method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: in step a10, a final cost data set is generated by combining the grade map, the water supply network map and the population density map.
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