CN108564019A - A kind of face identification method and system - Google Patents
A kind of face identification method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN108564019A CN108564019A CN201810305276.9A CN201810305276A CN108564019A CN 108564019 A CN108564019 A CN 108564019A CN 201810305276 A CN201810305276 A CN 201810305276A CN 108564019 A CN108564019 A CN 108564019A
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- G06V40/10—Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of face identification method and system, the method includes：Obtain pending image；The pending image is pre-processed, pretreatment image is obtained；Histogram equalization is carried out to the pretreatment image and is normalized, rectangular image is obtained；To the rectangular image and difference carry out thresholding processing, obtain images to be recognized；Multiple grader nodes are created using statistics boosting；Recognition of face is carried out to the images to be recognized using each grader node.The face identification method of the present invention has identification accurate by image preprocessing, and identification is quick, has higher reduction degree to face, and the identification scanning system of face can be completed without body contact.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of face identification, more particularly to a kind of face identification method and system.
Background technology
Face recognition technology is the face feature based on people, and the facial image or video flowing to input first determine whether it
With the presence or absence of face, if there is face, then the position of each face, size and each major facial organ are further provided
Location information.And according to these information, the identity characteristic contained in each face is further extracted, and by itself and known people
Face is compared, to identify the identity of each face.
A series of practical the relevant technologies for including structure face identification system of recognition of face of broad sense, including facial image are adopted
Collection, Face detection, recognition of face pretreatment, identity validation and identity finder etc.；And the recognition of face of narrow sense refers in particular to pass through people
Face carries out the technology or system of identity validation or identity finder.
Modern biological identification technology has had reached certain height, and people pursue the effect of the identification in more complicated environment
Fruit, and current face identification system is unable to fully meet this demand of people.
Invention content
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of face identification method and systems, for improving the precision of recognition of face.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides following schemes：
A kind of face identification method, the method includes：
Obtain pending image；
The pending image is pre-processed, pretreatment image is obtained；
Histogram equalization is carried out to the pretreatment image and is normalized, rectangular image is obtained；
To the rectangular image and difference carry out thresholding processing, obtain images to be recognized；
Multiple grader nodes are created using statistics boosting；
Recognition of face is carried out to the images to be recognized using each grader node.
Optionally, described that recognition of face is carried out to the images to be recognized using each grader node, it specifically includes：
Each grader node of stating is divided into from small to large by resolution ratio：First grader node, the second grader section
Point ...；
Recognition of face is carried out to images to be recognized using the first grader node, obtains judging result；
If the judging result indicates that the images to be recognized includes face information, using the second grader node pair
The images to be recognized carries out recognition of face, and so on, to the last a grader node judges the images to be recognized
Including face information, determine that the pending image is facial image.
Optionally, described pre-process includes：In digitlization, geometric transformation, normalization, smooth, recovery and enhancing at least
It is a kind of.
Optionally, described normalize includes：At least one of gray scale normalization, geometrical normalization and transform normalization.
Optionally, described to include smoothly：Median method, part are averaging at least one of method and k line neighbour's methods of average.
Optionally, described enhance includes：At least one of contrast broadening, logarithmic transformation, density stratification and histogram.
Optionally, the geometric transformation is systematic error for correcting image capturing system and instrumented site with chance error
The transformation that difference is carried out.
A kind of face identification system, the system comprises：
Pending image collection module, for obtaining pending image；
Preprocessing module obtains pretreatment image for being pre-processed to the pending image；
Module is equalized and normalized, for carrying out histogram equalization to the pretreatment image and normalizing, is obtained
Rectangular image；
Thresholding processing module, for the rectangular image and difference carry out thresholding processing, obtain to be identified
Image；
Grader node creation module, for creating multiple grader nodes using statistics boosting；
Face recognition module, for carrying out recognition of face to the images to be recognized using each grader node.
According to specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses following technique effects：
The face identification method of the present invention has identification accurate, identification is quick, has to face higher by image preprocessing
Reduction degree, can complete the identification scanning system of face without body contact.
Description of the drawings
It in order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, below will be to institute in embodiment
Attached drawing to be used is needed to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only some implementations of the present invention
Example, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without having to pay creative labor, can also be according to these attached drawings
Obtain other attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the present inventor's face recognition method；
Fig. 2 is the structure connection figure of face identification system of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation describes, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of face identification method and systems, for improving the precision of recognition of face.
In order to make the foregoing objectives, features and advantages of the present invention clearer and more comprehensible, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific real
Applying mode, the present invention is described in further detail.
The present invention provides a kind of face identification methods, and Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the present inventor's face recognition method, such as Fig. 1 institutes
Show, the method includes：
Step 11：Obtain pending image；
Step 12：The pending image is pre-processed, pretreatment image is obtained.
The pretreatment includes：At least one of digitlization, geometric transformation, normalization, smooth, recovery and enhancing.
The normalization includes：At least one of gray scale normalization, geometrical normalization and transform normalization.
It is described to include smoothly：Median method, part are averaging at least one of method and k line neighbour's methods of average.
The enhancing includes：At least one of contrast broadening, logarithmic transformation, density stratification and histogram.
The geometric transformation for systematic error and instrumented site for correcting image capturing system random error institute into
Capable transformation.
Step 13：Histogram equalization is carried out to the pretreatment image and is normalized, rectangular image is obtained；
Step 14：To the rectangular image and difference carry out thresholding processing, obtain images to be recognized；
Step 15：Multiple grader nodes are created using statistics boosting；
Step 16：Recognition of face is carried out to the images to be recognized using each grader node, is specifically included：
Each grader node of stating is divided into from small to large by resolution ratio：First grader node, the second grader section
Point ...；
Recognition of face is carried out to images to be recognized using the first grader node, obtains judging result；
If the judging result indicates that the images to be recognized includes face information, using the second grader node pair
The images to be recognized carries out recognition of face, and so on, to the last a grader node judges the images to be recognized
Including face information, determine that the pending image is facial image.
In image recognition, the quality of picture quality directly affects the design and effect precision of recognizer, then in addition to
Outside optimization that can be algorithmically, preconditioning technique occupies critically important factor in entire project, however people often ignore this
A bit.
Each character image information sorting, is out given identification module identification by image preprocessing, this process is known as
Image preprocessing.
The main purpose of image preprocessing is to eliminate information unrelated in image, restores useful real information, enhancing has
The detectability and simplified data to the maximum extent for closing information, to improve feature extraction, image segmentation, matching and identification can
By property.Preprocessing process generally have digitlization, geometric transformation, normalization, it is smooth, restore and enhancing.
Filtering：Filtering (Wave fi ltering) is by the operation that specific band frequency filters out in signal, is to inhibit and prevent
The important measures only interfered.(note:Mean value, intermediate value, gaussian filtering can influence the clarity of image to a certain extent, and one
As be all just to be filtered when having apparent noise.)
The normalization of image and histogram have similitude, can be to a certain extent the pixel of 0-255 by image understanding
Between value becomes 0-1, its distribution distance is reduced.(note：When target and background gray scale difference are larger with preferably, otherwise can go out
Existing adhesion leads to not divide.)
Smooth (filtering) of image is a kind of inhibition to gradation of image saltus step, and the sharpening of image is then on the contrary, it is to figure
A kind of enhancing of the Gray Level Jump part of picture, the variations in detail information of prominent image.(note：Smooth and sharpening belongs to filtering, all
All it is first to establish a filter, but difference lies in the mode operator of selection is different with the same function).It sharpens and often also " increases
Image sharpening peace can be slided and is used in combination by noise by force ", if image itself has apparent noise, can it is first smooth again
It sharpens, if there is noise after image sharpening, can further go to be smoothed.
Digitlization：The gray value of one width original photo is the continuous function of space variable (successive value of position).In M × N
Photo gray scale is sampled on dot matrix and is quantified and (is classified as one of 2b tonal gradation), can obtain what computer can be handled
Digital picture.In order to enable digital picture to rebuild original image, just there is certain requirement to the size of M, N and b value.It is receiving
Within the scope of the space and gray scale resolution capability of device, the numerical value of M, N and b are bigger, and the quality of reconstruction image is better.When sampling week
When phase is equal to or less than the half in minimum details period in original image, the frequency spectrum of reconstruction image is equal to the frequency spectrum of original image,
Therefore reconstruction image can be identical with original image.Since the product of M, N and b three determine piece image in a computer
Amount of storage, therefore need under conditions of amount of storage is certain to select suitable M, N and b value according to the heterogeneity of image, with
Obtain best treatment effect.
Geometric transformation：The change that the random error of systematic error and instrumented site for correcting image capturing system is carried out
It changes.For the systematic error of satellite image, the distortion as caused by the factors such as earth rotation, scanning mirror speed and map projection can
To be indicated with model, and eliminated by geometric transformation.Random error error as caused by attitude of flight vehicle and height change is difficult
To be showed with model, so being usually after systematic error is repaired, by the figure being observed and known correct geometry
The figure of position compares, and the mesh of transformation is reached with a certain number of ground control point solution bivariate polynomial group of functions in figure
's.
Normalization：Certain features of image are made to change a kind of graphics standard form with invariance in given change.Figure
Certain properties of picture, for example, object area and perimeter, originally for coordinate rotation for just have constant property.General
In the case of, certain factors or the influence converted to image properties can be eliminated or be weakened by normalized, to
It can be selected as measuring the foundation of image.Such as the uncontrollable remote sensing image of illumination, the normalization of grey level histogram for
Image analysis is very necessary.Gray scale normalization, geometrical normalization and transform normalization are obtain image invariance three
Kind method for normalizing.
Smoothly：It is smoothly the technology for eliminating random noise in image, is the basic demand to smoothing technique, is eliminating noise
While become blurred image outline or lines.Common smoothing method has median method, local averaging method and k lines
Neighbour's method of average, regional area size can be fixed, and can also be point by point with gray value size variation.In addition, sometimes
Application space frequency domain band-pass filtering method.
It restores：It corrects the image caused by a variety of causes to degenerate, the image that reconstruction or estimation obtain is made to approach as far as possible
Image field of the ideal without degeneration, in practical applications it occur frequently that image degradation phenomena.Such as the disturbance of big air-flow, optical system
The relative motion of aberration, camera and object can all make remote sensing images degenerate.Basic recovery technique is the degeneration acquisition
Image g (x, y) regards the convolution of degenrate function h (x, y) and ideal image f (x, y) as, and there are relationships for their Fourier transformation
G (u, v=H (u, v) F (u, v).After degenrate function being determined according to degradation mechanism, so that it may find out F (u, v) from this relational expression, then use
Fourier inversion finds out f (x, y).Usually it is referred to as inverse filter.When practical application, since H (u, v) is flat with uv is left
The distance of face origin increases and declines rapidly, in order to avoid the reinforcing of noise in high-frequency range, when u2+v2 is more than a certain boundary value
When W, M (u, v) [what refers to] (distance of uv plane origins) is made to be equal to 1.The selection of W0 should make H (u, v) in u2+v2≤W ranges
It is not in inside zero.The algebraic method of image restoration is based on least square method optimum criterion.Seek a valuation, makes excellent
It is minimum to spend criterion function value.This method is fairly simple, can derive least square method Wiener filter.When there is no noises
When, Wiener filter becomes ideal inverse filter.
Enhancing：Header length in image is reinforced and inhibited, to improve the visual effect of image, or image is turned
Become the form more suitable for machine processing, in order to data pick-up or identification.Such as：One Image Intensified System can pass through
High-pass filter protrudes the contour line of image, to enable the machine to measure the shape and perimeter of contour line.Image enhancement skill
There are many method, contrast broadening, logarithmic transformation, density stratification and histogram equalization etc. can be used in changing image tone and dash forward art
Go out details.Often experiment is repeated and can be only achieved satisfied effect with different methods when practical application.
The protection point of the present invention is that image will be pre-processed, and pretreated image is accurate, needs algorithm
Accurate calculation, the detector of Face datection need the function of automatic decision identification face, the detection of face can be divided
Class identifies, realizes quick recognition detection face.
Face datection
The Haar classifier of openCV is a supervised classifier, carries out histogram equalization to image first and normalizes
To onesize, then whether label the inside includes the object to be monitored.It is initially by Paul Viola and Michael Jones
Design, therefore referred to as Viola Jones detectors.Viola Jones graders use AdaBoost in cascade each node
To learn the multilayer Tree Classifier of the low reject rate of a high detection rate.The present invention improves the prior art, specifically includes
Several aspects under several：
1. using class Haar input feature vectors：To rectangular image area and difference carry out thresholding.(the words is to making
With the definition of class Haar input feature vectors)
2. integral image techniques accelerate the calculating of the value of 45 ° of rotations of rectangular area, for accelerating class Haar inputs special
The calculating of sign.
3. using statistics boosting come create two class problems (face and non-face) grader node (high pass rate,
Low reject rate).
4. Weak Classifier node composition screening type cascade.I.e. the first classifiers are optimal, can pass through the figure comprising object
As region, at the same allow some do not include object by image pass through；Second classifiers be suboptimum grader, and have compared with
Low reject rate.And so on, to boosting graders, if there is face that can detect, while it is non-to refuse sub-fraction
Face, and it is passed along next grader, it is for low reject rate.And so on, the last one grader will be almost all of
Non-face all refusals fall, only remaining human face region.As long as image-region has passed through entire cascade, then it is assumed that there is object in the inside.
Although this technology is suitable for Face datection, it is not limited to Face datection, it may also be used for the detection of other objects, such as vapour
The front of vehicle, aircraft etc., is detected side below.When detecting, trained Parameter File is first imported, wherein
Haarcascade_frontalface_alt2.xml is preferable to the recognition effect of frontal faces, haarcascade_
Profileface.xml is preferable to the detection result of side face.
The present invention also provides a kind of face identification system, Fig. 2 is the structure connection figure of face identification system of the present invention.Such as
Shown in Fig. 2, the system comprises：
Pending image collection module 21, for obtaining pending image；
Preprocessing module 22 obtains pretreatment image for being pre-processed to the pending image；
Module 23 is equalized and normalized, for carrying out histogram equalization to the pretreatment image and normalizing, is obtained
To rectangular image；
Thresholding processing module 24, for the rectangular image and difference carry out thresholding processing, obtain waiting knowing
Other image；
Grader node creation module 25, for creating multiple grader nodes using statistics boosting；
Face recognition module 26, for carrying out recognition of face to the images to be recognized using each grader node.
Each embodiment is described by the way of progressive in this specification, the highlights of each of the examples are with other
The difference of embodiment, just to refer each other for identical similar portion between each embodiment.For system disclosed in embodiment
For, since it is corresponded to the methods disclosed in the examples, so description is fairly simple, related place is said referring to method part
It is bright.
Principle and implementation of the present invention are described for specific case used herein, and above example is said
The bright method and its core concept for being merely used to help understand the present invention；Meanwhile for those of ordinary skill in the art, foundation
The thought of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation manner and application range.In conclusion the content of the present specification is not
It is interpreted as limitation of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of face identification method, which is characterized in that the method includes：
Obtain pending image；
The pending image is pre-processed, pretreatment image is obtained；
Histogram equalization is carried out to the pretreatment image and is normalized, rectangular image is obtained；
To the rectangular image and difference carry out thresholding processing, obtain images to be recognized；
Multiple grader nodes are created using statistics boosting；
Recognition of face is carried out to the images to be recognized using each grader node.
2. face identification method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described to use each grader node to institute
It states images to be recognized and carries out recognition of face, specifically include：
Each grader node of stating is divided into from small to large by resolution ratio：First grader node, the second grader section
Point ...；
Recognition of face is carried out to images to be recognized using the first grader node, obtains judging result；
If the judging result indicates that the images to be recognized includes face information, using the second grader node to described
Images to be recognized carries out recognition of face, and so on, to the last a grader node judges that the images to be recognized includes
Face information determines that the pending image is facial image.
3. face identification method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the pretreatment includes：Digitlization, geometry become
Change, normalize, smoothly, restore and enhancing at least one of.
4. face identification method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the normalization includes：It is gray scale normalization, several
At least one of what normalization and transform normalization.
5. face identification method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that described to include smoothly：Median method, part ask flat
Equal at least one of method and k line neighbour's methods of average.
6. face identification method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the enhancing includes：Contrast broadening, logarithm become
It changes, at least one of density stratification and histogram.
7. face identification method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the geometric transformation is to be adopted for correcting image
The transformation that the systematic error of collecting system and the random error of instrumented site are carried out.
8. a kind of face identification system, which is characterized in that the system comprises：
Pending image collection module, for obtaining pending image；
Preprocessing module obtains pretreatment image for being pre-processed to the pending image；
Module is equalized and normalized, for carrying out histogram equalization to the pretreatment image and normalizing, obtains rectangle
Image；
Thresholding processing module, for the rectangular image and difference carry out thresholding processing, obtain images to be recognized；
Grader node creation module, for creating multiple grader nodes using statistics boosting；
Face recognition module, for carrying out recognition of face to the images to be recognized using each grader node.
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Application publication date: 20180921 |