CN108563674B - Sea area geographic element measurement method, system and device based on RS and GIS - Google Patents

Sea area geographic element measurement method, system and device based on RS and GIS Download PDF

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CN108563674B
CN108563674B CN201810141436.0A CN201810141436A CN108563674B CN 108563674 B CN108563674 B CN 108563674B CN 201810141436 A CN201810141436 A CN 201810141436A CN 108563674 B CN108563674 B CN 108563674B
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CN108563674A (en
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余景
胡启伟
陈丕茂
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Nanhai Institute Of Fisheries Chinese Academy Of Fisheries Sciences
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Nanhai Institute Of Fisheries Chinese Academy Of Fisheries Sciences
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01CMEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C11/00Photogrammetry or videogrammetry, e.g. stereogrammetry; Photographic surveying

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Abstract

The invention discloses sea area geographic element measurement method, system and device based on RS and GIS, method includes the data for pre-processing to remotely-sensed data, and extracting required region, obtains regional remote sensing data;Geographic registration is carried out to regional remote sensing data referring to geographic coordinate system;Factor data table, factor kind and relation table are established in geographical data bank;Loading area remotely-sensed data is analyzed in geographical data bank, and the measurement of geographic element is carried out by measuring tool, obtain specification, accurate, rapid survey that the measurement data present invention has been able to achieve large area sea area different times geographic element by RS and generalized information system, it not only saves field measurement manpower financial capacity, greatly improve work efficiency, and it is able to record period of history sea area geographic element, facilitate the progress of data analysis and research work.It the composite can be widely applied in geographical space measurement.

Description

Sea area geographic element measurement method, system and device based on RS and GIS
Technical field
The present invention relates to geographical field of measuring technique, more particularly to the sea area geographic element measurement method based on RS and GIS, System and device.
Background technique
21 century is the century of ocean, and ocean essential field observation is to oceanographic research, ocean engineering construction and marine state All various aspects such as anti-safety have far-reaching significance.Such as the acute variation of weather in recent years, exactly it is total to by atmosphere and ocean Same-action as a result, and be affected by ocean, because of more more than 1000 times of the heat ratio atmosphere of sea surface storage.And ocean Storage heat number influenced by conditions such as ocean current, salinity, by measure salinity researcher can be made to understand fully ocean current and ocean The variation of upper rainfall, to study its influence to weather.For another example the data provided using self-maintaining floating instrument, can draw sea The meteorological chart in ocean, is used on computer weather prognosis model, thus the meteorologic phenomena of forecast such as EI Nino seasonal variety, Etc..Therefore, the measurement of the elements such as ocean temperature, conductivity, ocean current has unusual meaning.However it is high to lack energy now The mode of effect measurement sea area geographical space element.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the object of the present invention is to provide it is a kind of can improve measurement efficiency based on RS and Sea area geographic element measurement method, system and the device of GIS.
The technical solution used in the present invention is:
Sea area geographic element measurement method based on RS and GIS, comprising the following steps:
Remotely-sensed data is pre-processed, and extracts the data in required region, obtains regional remote sensing data;
Geographic registration is carried out to regional remote sensing data according to regional remote sensing data, and referring to geographic coordinate system;
Geographical data bank is established, and establishes factor data table, factor kind and relation table in geographical data bank;
Loading area remotely-sensed data is analyzed in geographical data bank, and the survey of geographic element is carried out by measuring tool Amount, obtains measurement data.
It is described to remote sensing as the further improvement of the sea area geographic element measurement method based on RS and GIS Data are pre-processed, and the data in region required for extracting, and obtain regional remote sensing data, the step for include:
Image rectification is carried out to the land remote sensing image in remotely-sensed data;
Reading data and data transformation are carried out to the ocean remote sensing data in remotely-sensed data;
According to the land remote sensing image and ocean remote sensing data after correction, the land remote sensing image in region required for extracting and Ocean remote sensing data obtains regional remote sensing data.
It is described to remote sensing as the further improvement of the sea area geographic element measurement method based on RS and GIS Land remote sensing image in data carries out image rectification, the step for include:
Radiant correction is carried out to the land remote sensing image in remotely-sensed data, obtains radiant correction remote sensing images;
Noise removal process is carried out to radiant correction remote sensing images, obtains noise remove remote sensing images;
Geometric correction processing is carried out to noise remove remote sensing images, obtains geometric correction remote sensing images;
Image enhancement processing is carried out to geometric correction remote sensing images, the land remote sensing images after being corrected.
It is described in geography as the further improvement of the sea area geographic element measurement method based on RS and GIS Loading area remotely-sensed data is analyzed in database, and the measurement of geographic element is carried out by measuring tool, obtains measurement number According to, the step for include:
Loading area remotely-sensed data and corresponding map vector data in geographical data bank;
Space interpolation analysis is carried out to the ocean remote sensing data in regional remote sensing data, obtains two-dimentional depth of water raster map layer;
Space surface analysis is carried out to two-dimentional depth of water raster map layer, obtains isopleth bathymetric data;
Space overlapping point is carried out to land remote sensing image, two-dimentional depth of water raster map layer and the isopleth bathymetric data after correction Analysis, and draw and obtain analysis output figure layer;
Analysis output figure layer is imported into measuring tool, the geographic element of needs is measured, measurement data is obtained.
It is of the present invention another solution is that
Sea area geographic element measuring system based on RS and GIS, comprising:
Pretreatment unit for pre-processing to remotely-sensed data, and extracts the data in required region, it is distant to obtain region Feel data;
Registration unit, for carrying out geography to regional remote sensing data according to regional remote sensing data, and referring to geographic coordinate system Registration;
Unit is established, for establishing geographical data bank, and establishes factor data table, factor kind and pass in geographical data bank It is table;
Analytical unit, in geographical data bank loading area remotely-sensed data analyzed, and by measuring tool into The measurement of row geographic element, obtains measurement data.
As the further improvement of the sea area geographic element measuring system based on RS and GIS, the pretreatment is single Member includes:
Land image correction unit, for carrying out image rectification to the land remote sensing image in remotely-sensed data;
Oceanographic data conversion unit, for carrying out reading data and data change to the ocean remote sensing data in remotely-sensed data It changes;
Data extracting unit, for extracting required area according to the land remote sensing image and ocean remote sensing data after correction The land remote sensing image and ocean remote sensing data in domain, obtain regional remote sensing data.
As the further improvement of the sea area geographic element measuring system based on RS and GIS, the land image Correcting unit includes:
Radiant correction unit obtains radiant correction for carrying out radiant correction to the land remote sensing image in remotely-sensed data Remote sensing images;
Noise removing unit obtains noise remove remote sensing for carrying out noise removal process to radiant correction remote sensing images Image;
Geometry correction unit obtains geometric correction remote sensing for carrying out geometric correction processing to noise remove remote sensing images Image;
Image enhancing unit, for carrying out image enhancement processing to geometric correction remote sensing images, the land after being corrected Remote sensing images.
As the further improvement of the sea area geographic element measuring system based on RS and GIS, the analytical unit Include:
Loading unit, for loading area remotely-sensed data and corresponding map vector data in geographical data bank;
Space interpolation analytical unit, for carrying out space interpolation analysis to the ocean remote sensing data in regional remote sensing data, Obtain two-dimentional depth of water raster map layer;
Space surface analysis unit obtains isopleth depth of water number for carrying out space surface analysis to two-dimentional depth of water raster map layer According to;
Image-drawing unit, for land remote sensing image, two-dimentional depth of water raster map layer and the isopleth bathymetric data after correction Spatial overlay analysis is carried out, and draws and obtains analysis output figure layer;
Measuring unit imported into measuring tool for that will analyze output figure layer, measures to the geographic element of needs, Obtain measurement data.
Another technical solution of the present invention is:
Sea area geographic element measuring device based on RS and GIS, comprising:
Memory, for storing program;
Processor, for executing described program, described program makes described in the processor execution based on RS's and GIS Sea area geographic element measurement method.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
The present invention is based on sea area geographic element measurement method, system and the devices of RS and GIS can be real by RS and generalized information system It is now visual in designated period of time different water depth area, perimeter automatic measurement and water front profile, bathymetric data to specified sea area (island) Change, the work such as geospatial database is established, realizes the specification, accurate, quickly of large area sea area different times geographic element Measurement, not only saves field measurement manpower financial capacity, greatly improves work efficiency, and is able to record period of history sea Domain geographic element facilitates the progress of data analysis and research work.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the step flow chart of the sea area geographic element measurement method the present invention is based on RS and GIS;
Fig. 2 is the block diagram of the sea area geographic element measuring system the present invention is based on RS and GIS.
Specific embodiment
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawing:
With reference to Fig. 1, the present invention is based on the sea area geographic element measurement methods of RS and GIS, comprising the following steps:
Remotely-sensed data is pre-processed, and extracts the data in required region, obtains regional remote sensing data;
Geographic registration is carried out to regional remote sensing data according to regional remote sensing data, and referring to geographic coordinate system;
Geographical data bank is established, and establishes factor data table, factor kind and relation table in geographical data bank;
Loading area remotely-sensed data is analyzed in geographical data bank, and the survey of geographic element is carried out by measuring tool Amount, obtains measurement data.
In the present embodiment, the geographic registration is realized by ArcGIS (ArcMap).
It is further used as preferred embodiment, it is described that remotely-sensed data is pre-processed, and extract required region Data, obtain regional remote sensing data, the step for include:
Image rectification is carried out to the land remote sensing image in remotely-sensed data;
Reading data and data transformation are carried out to the ocean remote sensing data in remotely-sensed data;
According to the land remote sensing image and ocean remote sensing data after correction, the land remote sensing image in region required for extracting and Ocean remote sensing data obtains regional remote sensing data.
It is further used as preferred embodiment, the land remote sensing image in remotely-sensed data carries out image calibration Just, the step for includes:
Radiant correction is carried out to the land remote sensing image in remotely-sensed data, obtains radiant correction remote sensing images;
Noise removal process is carried out to radiant correction remote sensing images, obtains noise remove remote sensing images;
Geometric correction processing is carried out to noise remove remote sensing images, obtains geometric correction remote sensing images;
Image enhancement processing is carried out to geometric correction remote sensing images, the land remote sensing images after being corrected.
In the present embodiment, the process of the radiant correction successively include sensor calibration, atmospheric correction and the sun correct. The process to noise removal process is first to filter out segment boundary pixel with Majority, is then filtered again with Majority Wave filters the classification noise in training center.The process of the geometric correction is to pass through ground control point number using ground control point Mathematical simulation is carried out according to the geometric distortion process to original satellite image, original fault image space and geographic mapping is established and uses Normed space between corresponding relationship, then whole pixel transforms in fault image space are arrived using this corresponding relationship It corrects in image space, to realize geometric accurate correction.Described image enhancing processing mainly includes space, radiation, spectrum increasing The methods of strength reason.Wherein image histogram is the Visual Chart for describing picture quality.In image procossing, tune can be passed through The form of whole image histogram improves the quality that image is shown, to achieve the purpose that image enhancement.For example it can intuitively understand The brightness value distribution of image, the position of peak value, mean value and brightness Distribution value dispersion degree.The curve of histogram can be with Reflect the quality difference of image.According to the distribution of the normal state of pixel and skewness, suitable linear stretch is carried out.In addition, sometimes distant The RGB pseudo color composing of sense image is also a kind of common enhancements, is usually used in combination with linear stretch.
It is further used as preferred embodiment, the loading area remotely-sensed data in geographical data bank is divided Analysis, and by the measurement of measuring tool progress geographic element, obtains measurement data, the step for include:
Loading area remotely-sensed data and corresponding map vector data in geographical data bank;
Space interpolation analysis is carried out to the ocean remote sensing data in regional remote sensing data, obtains two-dimentional depth of water raster map layer;
Space surface analysis is carried out to two-dimentional depth of water raster map layer, obtains isopleth bathymetric data;
Space overlapping point is carried out to land remote sensing image, two-dimentional depth of water raster map layer and the isopleth bathymetric data after correction Analysis, and draw and obtain analysis output figure layer;
Analysis output figure layer is imported into measuring tool, the geographic element of needs is measured, measurement data is obtained.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the measuring tool be Glodmapper software, can the unrestricted choice geography to be measured want Element carries out the automatic measurement of the elements such as perimeter and area, then records measurement data and imported into geographical data bank.
With reference to Fig. 2, the present invention is based on the sea area geographic element measuring systems of RS and GIS, comprising:
Pretreatment unit for pre-processing to remotely-sensed data, and extracts the data in required region, it is distant to obtain region Feel data;
Registration unit, for carrying out geography to regional remote sensing data according to regional remote sensing data, and referring to geographic coordinate system Registration;
Unit is established, for establishing geographical data bank, and establishes factor data table, factor kind and pass in geographical data bank It is table;
Analytical unit, in geographical data bank loading area remotely-sensed data analyzed, and by measuring tool into The measurement of row geographic element, obtains measurement data.
It is further used as preferred embodiment, the pretreatment unit includes:
Land image correction unit, for carrying out image rectification to the land remote sensing image in remotely-sensed data;
Oceanographic data conversion unit, for carrying out reading data and data change to the ocean remote sensing data in remotely-sensed data It changes;
Data extracting unit, for extracting required area according to the land remote sensing image and ocean remote sensing data after correction The land remote sensing image and ocean remote sensing data in domain, obtain regional remote sensing data.
It is further used as preferred embodiment, the land image correction unit includes:
Radiant correction unit obtains radiant correction for carrying out radiant correction to the land remote sensing image in remotely-sensed data Remote sensing images;
Noise removing unit obtains noise remove remote sensing for carrying out noise removal process to radiant correction remote sensing images Image;
Geometry correction unit obtains geometric correction remote sensing for carrying out geometric correction processing to noise remove remote sensing images Image;
Image enhancing unit, for carrying out image enhancement processing to geometric correction remote sensing images, the land after being corrected Remote sensing images.
It is further used as preferred embodiment, the analytical unit includes:
Loading unit, for loading area remotely-sensed data and corresponding map vector data in geographical data bank;
Space interpolation analytical unit, for carrying out space interpolation analysis to the ocean remote sensing data in regional remote sensing data, Obtain two-dimentional depth of water raster map layer;
Space surface analysis unit obtains isopleth depth of water number for carrying out space surface analysis to two-dimentional depth of water raster map layer According to;
Image-drawing unit, for land remote sensing image, two-dimentional depth of water raster map layer and the isopleth bathymetric data after correction Spatial overlay analysis is carried out, and draws and obtains analysis output figure layer;
Measuring unit imported into measuring tool for that will analyze output figure layer, measures to the geographic element of needs, Obtain measurement data.
The present invention is based on the sea area geographic element measuring devices of RS and GIS, comprising:
Memory, for storing program;
Processor, for executing described program, described program makes described in the processor execution based on RS's and GIS Sea area geographic element measurement method.
From the foregoing it can be that sea area geographic element measurement method, system and the device the present invention is based on RS and GIS pass through RS and generalized information system are able to achieve to specified sea area (island) in designated period of time different water depth area, perimeter automatic measurement and water front wheel The work such as wide, bathymetric data visualization, geospatial database foundation, realize large area sea area different times geographic element Specification, accurate, rapid survey, not only save field measurement manpower financial capacity, greatly improve work efficiency, and can Log history period sea area geographic element facilitates the progress of data analysis and research work.
It is to be illustrated to preferable implementation of the invention, but the invention is not limited to the implementation above Example, those skilled in the art can also make various equivalent variations on the premise of without prejudice to spirit of the invention or replace It changes, these equivalent deformations or replacement are all included in the scope defined by the claims of the present application.

Claims (4)

1. the sea area geographic element measurement method based on RS and GIS, which comprises the following steps:
Remotely-sensed data is pre-processed, and extracts the data in required region, obtains regional remote sensing data;
Geographic registration is carried out to regional remote sensing data according to regional remote sensing data, and referring to geographic coordinate system;
Geographical data bank is established, and establishes factor data table, factor kind and relation table in geographical data bank;
Loading area remotely-sensed data is analyzed in geographical data bank, and the measurement of geographic element is carried out by measuring tool, Obtain measurement data;
Described pre-processes remotely-sensed data, and extracts the data in required region, obtains regional remote sensing data, this step Suddenly include:
Image rectification is carried out to the land remote sensing image in remotely-sensed data;
Reading data and data transformation are carried out to the ocean remote sensing data in remotely-sensed data;
According to the land remote sensing image and ocean remote sensing data after correction, the land remote sensing image in region required for extracting and ocean Remotely-sensed data obtains regional remote sensing data;
The loading area remotely-sensed data in geographical data bank is analyzed, and carries out geographic element by measuring tool Measurement, obtains measurement data, the step for include:
The map vector data corresponding to loading area remotely-sensed data and regional remote sensing data in geographical data bank;
Space interpolation analysis is carried out to the ocean remote sensing data in regional remote sensing data, obtains two-dimentional depth of water raster map layer;
Space surface analysis is carried out to two-dimentional depth of water raster map layer, obtains isopleth bathymetric data;
Spatial overlay analysis is carried out to land remote sensing image, two-dimentional depth of water raster map layer and the isopleth bathymetric data after correction, And it draws and obtains analysis output figure layer;
Analysis output figure layer is imported into measuring tool, the geographic element of needs is measured, measurement data is obtained.
2. the sea area geographic element measurement method according to claim 1 based on RS and GIS, it is characterised in that: described To in remotely-sensed data land remote sensing image carry out image rectification, the step for include:
Radiant correction is carried out to the land remote sensing image in remotely-sensed data, obtains radiant correction remote sensing images;
Noise removal process is carried out to radiant correction remote sensing images, obtains noise remove remote sensing images;
Geometric correction processing is carried out to noise remove remote sensing images, obtains geometric correction remote sensing images;
Image enhancement processing is carried out to geometric correction remote sensing images, the land remote sensing images after being corrected.
3. the sea area geographic element measuring system based on RS and GIS characterized by comprising
Pretreatment unit for pre-processing to remotely-sensed data, and extracts the data in required region, obtains regional remote sensing number According to;
Registration unit, for carrying out geographic registration to regional remote sensing data according to regional remote sensing data, and referring to geographic coordinate system;
Unit is established, for establishing geographical data bank, and establishes factor data table, factor kind and relationship in geographical data bank Table;
Analytical unit, in geographical data bank loading area remotely-sensed data analyzed, and pass through measuring tool carry out ground The measurement for managing element, obtains measurement data;
The pretreatment unit includes:
Land image correction unit, for carrying out image rectification to the land remote sensing image in remotely-sensed data;
Oceanographic data conversion unit, for carrying out reading data and data transformation to the ocean remote sensing data in remotely-sensed data;
Data extracting unit, for extracting required region according to the land remote sensing image and ocean remote sensing data after correction Land remote sensing image and ocean remote sensing data obtain regional remote sensing data;
The analytical unit includes:
Loading unit, for map vector corresponding to the loading area remotely-sensed data in geographical data bank and regional remote sensing data Data;
Space interpolation analytical unit is obtained for carrying out space interpolation analysis to the ocean remote sensing data in regional remote sensing data Two-dimentional depth of water raster map layer;
Space surface analysis unit obtains isopleth bathymetric data for carrying out space surface analysis to two-dimentional depth of water raster map layer;
Image-drawing unit, for being carried out to land remote sensing image, two-dimentional depth of water raster map layer and the isopleth bathymetric data after correction Spatial overlay analysis, and draw and obtain analysis output figure layer;
Measuring unit imported into measuring tool for that will analyze output figure layer, measures, obtain to the geographic element of needs Measurement data.
4. the sea area geographic element measuring system according to claim 3 based on RS and GIS, it is characterised in that: the land Ground image correction unit includes:
Radiant correction unit obtains radiant correction remote sensing for carrying out radiant correction to the land remote sensing image in remotely-sensed data Image;
Noise removing unit obtains noise remove remote sensing images for carrying out noise removal process to radiant correction remote sensing images;
Geometry correction unit obtains geometric correction remote sensing images for carrying out geometric correction processing to noise remove remote sensing images;
Image enhancing unit, for carrying out image enhancement processing to geometric correction remote sensing images, the land remote sensing after being corrected Image.
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CN110987063A (en) * 2019-11-18 2020-04-10 广东岭秀科技有限公司 Method for remotely sensing and monitoring ecological elements of river and lake water and cultural water

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CN103595791A (en) * 2013-11-14 2014-02-19 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院 Cloud accessing method for mass remote sensing data
CN104616015A (en) * 2015-01-13 2015-05-13 北京师范大学 Active and passive remote sensing data-based rural residential land extraction method
CN107239755A (en) * 2017-05-23 2017-10-10 国家地理空间信息中心 Offshore oil and gas platform extraction system based on high score satellite remote sensing date

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CN104616015A (en) * 2015-01-13 2015-05-13 北京师范大学 Active and passive remote sensing data-based rural residential land extraction method
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