CN108562925A - The on-line measuring device and method of a kind of MOX nuclear fuel rods surface α pollutions - Google Patents
The on-line measuring device and method of a kind of MOX nuclear fuel rods surface α pollutions Download PDFInfo
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- CN108562925A CN108562925A CN201810185787.1A CN201810185787A CN108562925A CN 108562925 A CN108562925 A CN 108562925A CN 201810185787 A CN201810185787 A CN 201810185787A CN 108562925 A CN108562925 A CN 108562925A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/167—Measuring radioactive content of objects, e.g. contamination
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/20—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors
- G01T1/2006—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors using a combination of a scintillator and photodetector which measures the means radiation intensity
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Abstract
The invention belongs to nuclear fuel element detection technique fields, are related to the on-line measuring device and method of a kind of surface α pollutions of MOX nuclear fuel rods.The on-line measuring device includes signal acquisition, adjusting and processing unit, and glove box and the detector being placed in glove box, driving device, detector are used to be detected the pollution condition by nuclear fuel rod surface therein；Driving device is for driving nuclear fuel rod to pass in and out detector；Signal acquisition, adjusting and processing unit are used to be acquired, adjust and handle calculating by the pollution signal for the nuclear fuel rod surface different zones that detector detects.Utilize the on-line measuring device and method of the present invention, relevant operation can be carried out in glove box, the detection of 100% region alpha pollution of MOX nuclear fuel rods surface is realized under remote control, and nuclear fuel rod surface β levels of pollution and pollution gross mass can accurately be calculated according to the material characteristics of MOX nuclear fuel rods, the nuclear parameter being calculated by detection device.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to nuclear fuel element detection technique fields, are related to a kind of online inspection of MOX nuclear fuel rods surface α pollutions
Survey device and method.
Background technology
Surface contamination is implemented in existing nuclear fuel rod surface contamination detection field only in presurized water reactor to nuclear fuel element rod
It measures, the measurement method used is incited somebody to action for wiping method after being wiped certain area on nuclear fuel rod surface using special rag
Rag is sent into laboratory and is measured using special instrument.Although this method is a kind of universal surface contamination side of measurement indirectly
Method, but its time-consuming, and can not achieve the whole of nuclear fuel rod surface 100% and measure.Nuclear fuel rod surface contamination at present simultaneously
The instrument of measurement is mainly portable instrument, is mainly used for the live manual measurement of plane pollution.
The measurement method and equipment of above-mentioned nuclear fuel rod surface contamination cannot meet MOX (metal oxide, metal oxygen
Compound) quick, online and 100% surface contamination detection requirement that nuclear fuel rod production line requires, the combustion of MOX cores can not be met
The radioactive substance that charge bar production line requires cannot directly take out the requirement of glove box operation, it is therefore desirable to and it is a kind of new, and fit
Detection device and method for the MOX nuclear fuel rod surface contaminations for carrying out remote controlled on-line measurement in glove box.
Invention content
The primary and foremost purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of on-line measuring device of MOX nuclear fuel rods surface α pollution, with can be
Relevant operation is carried out in glove box, realizes the detection of 100% region alpha pollution of MOX nuclear fuel rods surface, and energy under remote control
Nuclear fuel rod is accurately calculated by the nuclear parameter that detection device is calculated in enough material characteristics according to MOX nuclear fuel rods
Surface β levels of pollution and pollution gross mass.
In order to achieve this, in the embodiment on basis, the present invention provides a kind of surface α pollutions of MOX nuclear fuel rods
On-line measuring device, the on-line measuring device include signal acquisition, adjusting and processing unit, glove box and are placed in glove box
In detector, driving device,
The detector is for being detected the pollution condition by nuclear fuel rod surface therein；
The driving device is used to that the nuclear fuel rod to be driven to pass in and out the detector；
The nuclear fuel rod that signal acquisition, adjusting and the processing unit is used to detect the detector
The pollution signal of surface different zones is acquired, adjusts and handles calculating.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a kind of on-line checking dress of MOX nuclear fuel rods surface α pollutions
It sets, wherein the on-line measuring device further includes the code reader being placed in the glove box, for obtaining into described
Detector carries out the identity information of the nuclear fuel rod of measuring contamination.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a kind of on-line checking dress of MOX nuclear fuel rods surface α pollutions
It sets, wherein the on-line measuring device further includes the sensor being placed in the glove box, for controlling the signal
Acquisition is adjusted and the Computer signal of processing unit and by the position of the measurement result of the detector and the nuclear fuel rod
It sets corresponding.
In a kind of more preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a kind of online inspection of MOX nuclear fuel rods surface α pollutions
Device is surveyed, enters the arrival end of the detector wherein the sensor is respectively arranged at the nuclear fuel rod and goes out institute
The outlet end for the detector stated.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a kind of on-line checking dress of MOX nuclear fuel rods surface α pollutions
It sets, wherein the on-line measuring device further includes the mechanical guide being placed in the glove box, is set to described
Nuclear fuel rod enters the arrival end of the detector and goes out the outlet end of the detector, exists for the nuclear fuel rod
Limit in the detector.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a kind of on-line checking dress of MOX nuclear fuel rods surface α pollutions
Set, wherein the detector be one or serial or parallel connection it is multiple, each detector includes high translucent material, sudden strain of a muscle
Bright body material, photomultiplier,
The high translucent material has centre bore, the central aperture surface covering scintillator material；
The photomultiplier is connected with the high translucent material, is collected for optical signal and converts optical signal
For electric signal.
In a kind of more preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a kind of online inspection of MOX nuclear fuel rods surface α pollutions
Device is surveyed, wherein：
The scintillator material is selected from ZnS:Ag, doped with the CaF of Tb or Eu scintillators2(Eu) material etc.；
The photomultiplier is wrapped in the inside of the high translucent material or is connected thereto lower both ends.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a kind of on-line checking dress of MOX nuclear fuel rods surface α pollutions
It sets, wherein signal acquisition, adjusting and the processing unit includes and the preposition amplification of the sequentially connected signal of the detector
Device, signal main amplifier, impulse summation device, optional pulse-height analyzer, single-pass impulse amplitude channel analyzer, data acquisition
Card, computer interface and computer, are respectively used to the amplification of signal primary, signal shaping and amplify again, multiple (such as two)
The addition of photomultiplier tube signal in time, signal amplitude are screened, and useful signal selection, digital signal conversion and data are adopted
Collection, analysis and processing.
Second object of the present invention is to provide carries out MOX nuclear fuel rods surface α using on-line measuring device as described above
The online test method of pollution realizes MOX nuclear fuel rod tables under remote control can carry out relevant operation in glove box
The detection of face 100% region alpha pollution, and can be calculated by detection device according to the material characteristics of MOX nuclear fuel rods
Nuclear fuel rod surface β levels of pollution and pollution gross mass is accurately calculated in nuclear parameter.
In order to achieve this, basis embodiment in, the present invention provide using on-line measuring device as described above into
The online test method of row MOX nuclear fuel rods surface α pollutions, the online test method include the following steps：
(1) nuclear fuel rod is sent by the driving device by the detector in the glove box
The pollution condition on the nuclear fuel rod surface described in middle progress detects；
(2) detector described in will detect the signal feeding signal acquisition, adjusting and processing unit progress signal and adopt
Collection is adjusted and is handled；
(3) pollution that the nuclear fuel rod surface is calculated by the signal acquisition, adjusting and processing unit is believed
Breath.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention is provided carries out MOX core combustions using on-line measuring device as described above
The online test method of charge bar surface α pollutions, the wherein calculating of the polluted information on the nuclear fuel rod surface described in step (3) are public
Formula is：
Wherein：
AαFor nuclear fuel rod surface α contamination activity activity (Bq/cm2)；
N is detector total number (a)；
nbFor background tale (a)；
ε4πFor detector detection efficient；
εSourceFor source efficiency；
S is detector detection area (cm2)；
T is time of measuring (s)；
L is that detector detects length (cm)；
V is measuring speed (cm/s)；
AβFor nuclear fuel rod surface β contamination activity activity；
WβiFor the mass percent of i-th kind of beta emitter of MOX nuclear fuel rods；
BβiFor the specific activity (Bq/g) of i-th kind of beta emitter of MOX nuclear fuel rods；
WαiFor the mass percent of i-th kind of alpha activity substance of MOX nuclear fuel rods；
BαiFor the specific activity (Bq/g) of i-th kind of alpha activity substance of MOX nuclear fuel rods.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are, using the MOX nuclear fuel rods surface α pollution of the present invention on-line measuring device and
Method can carry out relevant operation in glove box, realize the 100% region alpha pollution of MOX nuclear fuel rods surface under remote control
Detection, and can accurately be calculated according to the material characteristics of MOX nuclear fuel rods, the nuclear parameter being calculated by detection device
To nuclear fuel rod surface β levels of pollution and pollution gross mass.
By the present invention in that can realize big sensitive area, small cross-sectional area and the α sudden strains of a muscle not responded substantially to β and γ with a kind of
Bright detector realizes MOX nuclear fuel rods in conjunction with general α particle signals acquisition method and a set of nuclear fuel rod conveying device
The on-line measurement of surface contamination 100%, measure content include nuclear fuel rod surface α levels of pollution average value and as needed,
System can be by calculating the nuclear fuel rod β levels of pollution average value provided and pollution nucleic average quality.The present invention's is single
Detector is 1-2cm/s to the detection speed of MOX nuclear fuel rods, and Monitoring lower-cut is less than 0.01Bq/cm2；Entire detection device
Stability and opposite constant error are respectively less than 10%；And if using the series connection of multiple detectors or parallel measurement, it can obtain more
High detection speed.In addition, the present invention can also equally be applied to the Measurement of surface contamination of other any nuclear fuel rods containing Pu
Field.Technical solution provided by the present invention is complete, practical, is set in combination with the actual conditions of MOX nuclear fuel rod production lines
Meter, and be easily achieved.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that the on-line measuring device of the MOX nuclear fuel rods surface α pollutions of the illustrative present invention removes signal acquisition, adjusts
The composite structural diagram of section and processing unit.
Fig. 2 is detector in the on-line measuring device that the MOX nuclear fuel rods surface α of the illustrative present invention of Fig. 1 pollutes
A kind of structural schematic diagram longitudinal sectional view of center line (cross).
Fig. 3 is sectional views of the Fig. 2 along V-V lines.
Fig. 4 is detector in the on-line measuring device that the MOX nuclear fuel rods surface α of the illustrative present invention of Fig. 1 pollutes
Another structural schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is sectional views of the Fig. 4 along V-V lines.
Fig. 6 is signal acquisition in the on-line measuring device that the MOX nuclear fuel rods surface α of the illustrative present invention pollutes, adjusts
The composition and annexation figure of section and processing unit.
Specific implementation mode
The specific implementation mode of the present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with attached drawing.
Composed structure such as Fig. 1-6 institutes of the on-line measuring device of the MOX nuclear fuel rods surface α pollutions of the illustrative present invention
Show, including signal acquisition, adjusting and processing unit, glove box 13 and the front-end driven device 10 being placed in glove box 13, rear end
Driving device 11, detector 14, mechanical guide 15, code reader 30, sensor 31.
Front-end driven device 10 and rear end driving device 11 be respectively used to driving nuclear fuel rod 1 at the uniform velocity or step-by-step movement into,
Go out detector 14.
Detector 14 is the multiple of one or serial or parallel connection, for the pollution by 1 surface of nuclear fuel rod therein
Situation is detected.Each detector 14 includes high translucent material 16, scintillator material 2 (for ZnS:Ag), photomultiplier 17,
It is protected from light material 40.High translucent material 16 with centre bore (for being passed through for nuclear fuel rod 1, what centre bore must be as possible is small, for
The nuclear fuel rod 1 of ф 6mm, central hole size is generally 12-14mm) and cover scintillator material 2 in central aperture surface.Scintillator
2 surface of material further can coat or encapsulate one layer and be protected from light material 40 (such as aluminium film).Photomultiplier 17 (two) is wrapped in height
The inside (as shown in Figure 2,3) of translucent material 16 is connected thereto lower both ends (as shown in Figure 4,5), is collected simultaneously for optical signal
Convert optical signals to electric signal.The pollutant that detector 14 measures is to be fixed on 1 surface of nuclear fuel rod and loose α pollutants
Summation.Since 1 surface contamination level of nuclear fuel rod is very low on production line, in order to which reinforcing alpha counts to have better measurement
Precision may be used 14 serial or parallel connection of multiple detectors together while measure, can also increase the sensitive volume of detector 14
Area (needs to make detector 14 to have big sensitive volume and high efficiency), the problems such as considering the collection and transmission of light, sensitive
Area's sizing is that 150-200mm or so is more suitable.It is non-right to be typically superior to simultaneously for the annular geometry of detector 14
Claim geometry.Based on identical purpose, the multiple photomultipliers 17 being fixed on detector 14 are also preferentially to select.
Mechanical guide 15 is set to nuclear fuel rod 1 and enters the arrival end of detector 14 and go out the outlet end of detector 14,
For limit of the nuclear fuel rod 1 in detector 14.Since the aerial range of α particles is very short, so the machine of nuclear fuel rod 1
Tool guiding piece 15 must be accurate.
Code reader 30 is used to obtain the identity information for the nuclear fuel rod 1 that measuring contamination is carried out into detector 14.
Sensor 31 records the location information of nuclear fuel rod 1, and by controlling based on signal acquisition, adjusting and processing unit
Calculation machine signal is simultaneously corresponding with the position of nuclear fuel rod 1 by the measurement result of detector 14.Sensor 31 is respectively arranged at core combustion
Charge bar 1 enters the arrival end of detector 14 and goes out the outlet end of detector 14.
After nuclear fuel rod 1 is conveyed out from detector 14, can directly by with sentence useless standard comparing into acting charitably
The penalty of stock.In addition, passing through the charging and discharging mechanism of increase nuclear fuel rod 1, automatic sorting mechanism on the basis of Fig. 1, you can
Different production stations is coordinated to complete automatic on-line measurement on production line.
The 1 surface different zones of nuclear fuel rod that signal acquisition, adjusting and processing unit are used to detect detector 14
Pollution signal (radiation signal) is acquired, adjusts and handles calculating.As shown in fig. 6, signal acquisition, adjusting and processing unit packet
It includes and 17 sequentially connected signal preamplifier 18 of photomultiplier, signal main amplifier 19, impulse summation device 20, optional arteries and veins
Amplitude analyzer 21, single-pass impulse amplitude channel analyzer 22, data collecting card 23, computer interface 24 and computer 25 are rushed, point
Not Yong Yu the amplification of signal primary, signal shaping and amplify again, the addition of two photomultiplier tube signals in time, signal width
Degree is screened, useful signal selection, digital signal conversion and data acquisition, analysis and processing.Detector 14 (ZnS detectors) is right
It can generally reach 3-5V in the output amplitude of alpha-particle energy 5MeV (Pu nucleic) signal, therefore general signal preamplifier 18,
19 running parameter of signal main amplifier is more suitable between 0.5-2 times.Single channel pulse height analyzer 22 only needs when working
Upper-level threshold is set and is used for filtered noise signal, is generally located between 3-5V.Impulse summation device 20 is mainly used for multiple photomultiplier transits
The time of 17 output signal of pipe is added, this is extremely important to the authenticity of signal.Computer 25 is implemented in the core of on-line measurement
Appearance is to implement graphical display to acquisition signal and handling result, to facilitate production line to understand nuclear fuel rod 1 surface contamination level
Real-time distribution simultaneously provides guidance for decontamination.Computer 25 is the very important component part of entire on-line measuring device, can be with
1 surface α levels of pollution of nuclear fuel rod are provided according to measurement result, it can also be according to user demand, by the nuclear physics of measurement object
The other informations such as the total amount of 1 surface contamination nucleic of nuclear fuel rod are calculated by information such as specific activity, mass percents for parameter.
The on-line measuring device of above-mentioned example illustratively carries out the on-line checking side of MOX nuclear fuel rods surface α pollutions
Method includes the following steps.
(1) operation is electroplate with alpha activity pollution on the on-line measuring device239Pu or241Am nuclear fuel rods come
Regularly device is calibrated, obtains α particle countings (cps) and level of pollution (Bq/cm2) between transformational relation；
(2) nuclear fuel rod 1 is sent by front-end driven device 10 and rear end driving device 11 in glove box 13 and is detected
The pollution condition detection on 1 surface of nuclear fuel rod is carried out in device 14；
(3) detector 14 will detect signal and be sent into signal acquisition, adjusting and processing unit progress signal acquisition, adjusting and place
Reason；
(4) polluted information on 1 surface of nuclear fuel rod is calculated by signal acquisition, adjusting and processing unit, it is specific to calculate
Formula is：.
Wherein：
AαFor nuclear fuel rod surface α contamination activity activity (Bq/cm2)；
N is detector total number (a)；
nbFor background tale (a)；
ε4πFor detector detection efficient；
εSourceFor source efficiency；
S is detector detection area (cm2)；
T is time of measuring (s)；
L is that detector detects length (cm)；
V is measuring speed (cm/s)；
AβFor nuclear fuel rod surface β contamination activity activity；
WβiFor the mass percent of i-th kind of beta emitter of MOX nuclear fuel rods；
BβiFor the specific activity (Bq/g) of i-th kind of beta emitter of MOX nuclear fuel rods；
WαiFor the mass percent of i-th kind of alpha activity substance of MOX nuclear fuel rods；
BαiFor the specific activity (Bq/g) of i-th kind of alpha activity substance of MOX nuclear fuel rods.
Obviously, various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from essence of the invention by those skilled in the art
God and range, especially nuclear fuel rod surface contamination online test method of the invention can mutually be tied with other non-destructive methods
It closes, to realize that the comprehensive quality of MOX nuclear fuel rods controls.If in this way, belonging to this hair to these modifications and changes of the present invention
Within the scope of bright claim and its equivalent technology, then the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.Above-mentioned reality
Mode is applied only to the present invention's for example, the present invention can also be real with other ad hoc fashions or other particular forms
It applies, without departing from the gist of the invention or substantive characteristics.Therefore, it is regarded as from the point of view of the embodiment of description is in terms of any
Bright property and it is non-limiting.The scope of the present invention should illustrate by appended claims, any intention and model with claim
Equivalent variation is enclosed to should also be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of on-line measuring device of MOX nuclear fuel rods surface α pollutions, which is characterized in that the on-line measuring device packet
Signal acquisition, adjusting and processing unit, glove box and the detector being placed in glove box, driving device are included,
The detector is for being detected the pollution condition by nuclear fuel rod surface therein；
The driving device is used to that the nuclear fuel rod to be driven to pass in and out the detector；
The nuclear fuel rod surface that signal acquisition, adjusting and the processing unit is used to detect the detector
The pollution signal of different zones is acquired, adjusts and handles calculating.
2. on-line measuring device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The on-line measuring device further includes being placed in
Code reader in the glove box, for obtaining into the nuclear fuel rod of the detector progress measuring contamination
Identity information.
3. on-line measuring device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The on-line measuring device further includes being placed in
Sensor in the glove box, the Computer signal for controlling the signal acquisition, adjusting and processing unit and general
The measurement result of the detector is corresponding with the position of the nuclear fuel rod.
4. on-line measuring device according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The sensor is respectively arranged at described
Nuclear fuel rod enters the arrival end of the detector and goes out the outlet end of the detector.
5. on-line measuring device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The on-line measuring device further includes being placed in
Mechanical guide in the glove box is set to the nuclear fuel rod and enters the arrival end of the detector and go out
The outlet end of the detector is used for limit of the nuclear fuel rod in the detector.
6. on-line measuring device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The detector be one series connection or simultaneously
Connection it is multiple, the detector includes high translucent material, scintillator material, photomultiplier,
The high translucent material has centre bore, the central aperture surface covering scintillator material；
The photomultiplier is connected with the high translucent material, is collected for optical signal and converts optical signals to electricity
Signal.
7. on-line measuring device according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：
The scintillator material is selected from ZnS:Ag, doped with the CaF of Tb or Eu scintillators2(Eu) material；
The photomultiplier is wrapped in the inside of the high translucent material or is connected thereto lower both ends.
8. on-line measuring device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Signal acquisition, adjusting and the processing list
Member includes and the sequentially connected signal preamplifier of the detector, signal main amplifier, impulse summation device, optional pulse
Amplitude analyzer, single-pass impulse amplitude channel analyzer, data collecting card, computer interface and computer, at the beginning of being respectively used to signal
Grade amplification, signal shaping and amplifies, the addition of multiple photomultiplier tube signals in time again, signal amplitude examination, useful
Signal behavior, digital signal conversion and data acquisition, analysis and processing.
It is polluted 9. a kind of on-line measuring device using described in any one of claim 1-8 carries out MOX nuclear fuel rods surface α
Online test method, which is characterized in that the online test method includes the following steps：
(1) nuclear fuel rod is sent by the driving device in the glove box in the detector into
The pollution condition detection on the row nuclear fuel rod surface；
(2) detector described in will detect signal and be sent into the signal acquisition, adjusting and processing unit progress signal acquisition, adjust
Section and processing；
(3) polluted information on the nuclear fuel rod surface is calculated by the signal acquisition, adjusting and processing unit.
10. online test method according to claim 9, it is characterised in that：Nuclear fuel rod surface described in step (3)
The calculation formula of polluted information be：
Wherein：
AαFor nuclear fuel rod surface α contamination activity activity；
N is detector total number；
nbFor background tale；
ε4πFor detector detection efficient；
εSourceFor source efficiency；
S is detector detection area；
T is time of measuring；
L is that detector detects length；
V is measuring speed；
AβFor nuclear fuel rod surface β contamination activity activity；
WβiFor the mass percent of i-th kind of beta emitter of MOX nuclear fuel rods；
BβiFor the specific activity of i-th kind of beta emitter of MOX nuclear fuel rods；
WαiFor the mass percent of i-th kind of alpha activity substance of MOX nuclear fuel rods；
BαiFor the specific activity of i-th kind of alpha activity substance of MOX nuclear fuel rods.
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| CN109343100A (en) * | 2018-10-11 | 2019-02-15 | 中国科学院高能物理研究所 | A kind of detection device of radioactive material |
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| CN109961860A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-07-02 | 中核建中核燃料元件有限公司 | A kind of equipment and its detection method for nuclear fuel rod Surface testing |
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| CN112462407A (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2021-03-09 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Fuel plate surface pollution positioning detection device and system |
| US20230035596A1 (en) * | 2020-01-06 | 2023-02-02 | Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., Ltd. | Large-area radioactive surface contamination measurement device using plurality of detectors |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109343100A (en) * | 2018-10-11 | 2019-02-15 | 中国科学院高能物理研究所 | A kind of detection device of radioactive material |
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| US20230035596A1 (en) * | 2020-01-06 | 2023-02-02 | Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., Ltd. | Large-area radioactive surface contamination measurement device using plurality of detectors |
| US11867851B2 (en) * | 2020-01-06 | 2024-01-09 | Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., Ltd. | Large-area radioactive surface contamination measurement device using plurality of detectors |
| CN111538068A (en) * | 2020-05-07 | 2020-08-14 | 中国计量科学研究院 | Radioactive surface pollution measuring device and surface pollution measuring method |
| CN112462407A (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2021-03-09 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Fuel plate surface pollution positioning detection device and system |
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Application publication date: 20180921 |