CN108562527A - A kind of functionality cover film resistance ammonia characteristic detection device and detection method - Google Patents
A kind of functionality cover film resistance ammonia characteristic detection device and detection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108562527A CN108562527A CN201810318204.8A CN201810318204A CN108562527A CN 108562527 A CN108562527 A CN 108562527A CN 201810318204 A CN201810318204 A CN 201810318204A CN 108562527 A CN108562527 A CN 108562527A
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- ammonia
- cover film
- cup body
- functional cover
- detection
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 164
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 239000013039 cover film Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002479 acid--base titration Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 3
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 2
- CEQFOVLGLXCDCX-WUKNDPDISA-N methyl red Chemical compound C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1\N=N\C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O CEQFOVLGLXCDCX-WUKNDPDISA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010564 aerobic fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- STZCRXQWRGQSJD-GEEYTBSJSA-M methyl orange Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1\N=N\C1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 STZCRXQWRGQSJD-GEEYTBSJSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940012189 methyl orange Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000505 pernicious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/0806—Details, e.g. sample holders, mounting samples for testing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Non-Biological Materials By The Use Of Chemical Means (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By The Use Of Chemical Reactions (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of functional cover film resistance ammonia characteristic detection device and detection methods, and its object is to realize detection and evaluation to the flexible compound film resistance ammonia characteristic with waterproof and moisture-permeable function suitable for static pile compositing system.Detection device includes：The testing stand that nonstandard test equipment builds cup, sealing device, sea water bath and related Assembly part and code test equipment distilling apparatus, heating element, detection instrument etc. jointly.Detection method：The evaporation of ammonia spirit is realized by heating cucurbit, upper lower cup body pressure difference is detected by differential pressure indicator, upper lower cup body ammonia concentration changing rule is measured by ammonia concentration detector, it is measured in lower cup body by titration and retains ammonia spirit concentration, by calculating such functional cover film can be achieved and hinder ammonia characteristic detection and evaluation.The configuration of the present invention is simple, it is easy to operate, the resistance ammonia characteristic of functional cover film can be accurately measured, the detection scheme for hindering ammonia characteristic about functional cover film is provided.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of environmental protection detection, including detection device detection method two parts, are mainly used in environmental protection industry (epi)
Dewatered sludge static state pile composting process, can accurately measure has waterproof and moisture-permeable function suitable for static pile compositing system
The prevention ammonia of flexible compound film enter the ability of air.
Background technology
There is fermentation unevenness, local anaerobic, the odor pollution potential environment such as seriously in traditional static pile composting process
Pollution problem.The static pile composting process of film cover type using waterproof moisture permeating fabric as functionality cover film, by heap body and
Surrounding air is relatively isolated carry out aerobic fermentation.While not influencing to pile ventilation aeration and removing moisture removal, rainwater is prevented
Influence to composting process, and greatly alleviate influence of the foul smell to ambient enviroment.PTFE pore type Waterproof ＆ Moisture Permeable Films are such
Most widely used functional cover film in technique, average pore size are 0.18-1.3 μm, it can be ensured that vapor is (straight in fermentation process
0.0004 μm of diameter) pass through, and reduce passing through for water droplet (100 μm of diameter).
During sludge aerobic compost, since C/N values are relatively low, N with vapor and a small amount of other gases one in the form of NH3
It rises, is escaped from heap body；When mixed gas reaches functional cover film inner surface, since film and heap body environment are there are the temperature difference,
A part of vapor condenses into droplet to the cold, is retained down due to smaller can not pass through of membrane aperture；Easily due to ammonia
The ammonia for being dissolved in water, therefore touching liquid water is dissolved in water and drops back into heap body therewith, to complete the resistance control of ammonia.
Effectively the discharge of resistance control foul smell is one of the important feature of modern composting technology, especially in sludge composting field, ammonia
Emission control be crucial key again.The pernicious gases such as prevention ammonia, the hydrogen sulfide that such functionality cover film has enter
Ability in air, but found by consulting literatures and internet retrieval, it is domestic at present to lack about functional cover film resistance ammonia
Technology material in terms of Characteristics Detection.
Invention content
The present invention proposes a kind of functional cover film resistance ammonia characteristic detection device and detection method, for detecting and evaluating
The resistance ammonia characteristic of such functionality cover film.
Technical solution of the invention is as follows：
A kind of functionality cover film resistance ammonia characteristic detection device and detection method, can accurately measure suitable for static pile
The prevention ammonia of the flexible compound film with waterproof and moisture-permeable function of compositing system enters the ability of air.Detection device includes non-
Test equipment is marked to cup, sealing device, sea water bath and related Assembly part and code test equipment distilling apparatus, heating part
The testing stand that part, detection instrument etc. are built jointly.It is sealed using silica gel plate between cup, cover film sample is located at silica gel
It between plate, is realized and is positioned by steel ring, cup is realized using G words folder and compresses sealing；Sea water bath and cucurbit use intelligent electric-heating
Set realizes heating and temperature control；It detects and is connected using rubber hose between instrument and counterpart cup body, detection instrument is fixed on testing stand
On frame.Detection method：The evaporation that ammonia spirit is realized by heating distilling flask detects upper lower cup body pressure difference by differential pressure indicator,
Upper lower cup body ammonia concentration changing rule is measured by ammonia concentration detector, is measured in lower cup body by titration and retains ammonium hydroxide
Solution concentration, by calculating such functional cover film can be achieved and hinder ammonia characteristic detection and evaluation.
A kind of functionality cover film resistance ammonia characteristic detecting method, includes the following steps：
1) sample for producing Pass Test requirement, is fixed on gasket, for use.
2) upper lower cup body quality a1, b1 is weighed, ensures that cup body is internally dry after record, experiment dress is installed by test requirements document
It sets.Appropriate drier (drier is positioned on the internally dry platform of upper cup body) is added in upper cup body, reduces condensed water and causes
Error.
3) distilled water is added into sea water bath, sea water bath heated for controlling temperature is realized by electric jacket, waits for that temperature stablizes 60 DEG C, note
Record temperature T1.
4) ammonia spirit of 100ml a concentration of 10% is added into distilling flask, weighs quality c1 at this time, passes through electric jacket
It is heated and ensures 100 DEG C of steady temperature.
5) terminate to test when moisture evaporating completely in distilling flask, during which record a data at interval of 30s.When respectively
Between t, pressure difference p, upper lower cup body ammonia concentration n1, n2.
6) stop each heating device, after device to be tested is cooled to room temperature, lower cup body quality a2, b2 in weighing, round bottom is burnt
Bottle quality c2.
7) cup body and internal solution are removed, the ammonia concn of lower cup body solution is measured by acid-base titration.
8) pass through experimental data processing, can obtain the resistance ammonia performance of such functional cover film.
By calculating the quality A of ammonia in step 4 ammonia spirit, the quality B of ammonia in step 7 ammonia spirit, comparison A's and B
Difference can obtain the resistance ammonia performance of such functional cover film.
A kind of functional cover film of the present invention hinders ammonia characteristic detection device and detection method, has the following advantages that：
1) this detection device, simple in structure, easy to operate, precision is high；
2) this detection method can be accurately measured suitable for static pile compositing system with waterproof and moisture-permeable function
The prevention ammonia of flexible compound film enters the ability of air.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is experimental rig figure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is apparatus of the present invention connection figure.
Fig. 3 is sealing device figure of the present invention.
In Fig. 1：1, to cup；2, sea water bath；3, sealing device；4, distilling apparatus；
In Fig. 2：5, tail gas venthole；6,7, differential pressure indicator connecting hole；8,9, ammonia concentration detector connecting hole；10, it distills
Device air admission hole；11, distilling flask venthole；
In Fig. 3：12, groove；13, upper silica gel plate；14, steel ring is positioned；15, cover film sample；16, lower silica gel plate.
Specific implementation mode
A kind of functionality cover film resistance ammonia characteristic detecting method, includes the following steps：
1) sample for producing Pass Test requirement, is fixed on gasket, for use.
2) upper lower cup body quality a1, b1 is weighed, ensures that cup body is internally dry after record, experiment dress is installed by test requirements document
It sets.Appropriate drier (drier is positioned on the internally dry platform of upper cup body) is added in upper cup body, reduces condensed water and causes
Error.
3) distilled water is added into sea water bath, sea water bath heated for controlling temperature is realized by electric jacket, waits for that temperature stablizes 60 DEG C, note
Record temperature T1.
4) ammonia spirit of 100ml a concentration of 10% is added into distilling flask, weighs quality c1 at this time, passes through electric jacket
It is heated and ensures 100 DEG C of steady temperature.
5) terminate to test when moisture evaporating completely in distilling flask, during which record a data at interval of 30s.When respectively
Between t, pressure difference p, upper lower cup body ammonia concentration n1, n2.
6) stop each heating device, after device to be tested is cooled to room temperature, lower cup body quality a2, b2 in weighing, round bottom is burnt
Bottle quality c2.
7) cup body and internal solution are removed, the ammonia concn of lower cup body solution is measured by acid-base titration.
8) pass through experimental data processing, can obtain the resistance ammonia performance of such functional cover film.
By calculating the quality A of ammonia in step 4 ammonia spirit, the quality B of ammonia in step 7 ammonia spirit, comparison A's and B
Difference can obtain the resistance ammonia performance of such functional cover film.
Acid-base titration measures ammonia spirit concentration：
Measurement of this method suitable for the ammonia concn of ammonia density ＜ 30%.
1) standard titration with hydrochloric acid is used, makees indicator with methyl orange；It is titrated using standard sulfuric acid, is indicated with methyl red
Agent.
2) certain volume ammonium hydroxide is drawn, using methyl red as indicator, is titrated with standard sulfuric acid solution, until red is terminal,
The consumed volume of record.Sample density is measured, is 2NH3+H2SO4 → (NH4) 2SO4 when reaction.
3) standard sulfuric acid volumetric soiutions c (1/2H2SO4)=0.5mol/L or the instruction of (1/2H2SO4)=1mol/L methyl reds
Agent：1g/L.
4) determination sample density (DA-100M densitometers).
5) it calculates
NH3 (%)=[(C1V117.03)/(Vd1000)] 100%
C1- standard sulfuric acid volumetric soiutions concentration, mol/L
The volume of V1- standard sulfuric acid volumetric soiutions consumption, ml
V- sample volumes, ml
D- sample rates, g/ml
The molal weight of 17.03- ammonia, g/mol
Ammonia performance is hindered to calculate
1) in experimentation cover film up and down ammonia concentration variation, can reactive film resistance ammonia performance.
2) before and after by calculating experiment, the loss amount of NH3 in ammonia spirit, you can reflect the resistance ammonia performance of film.
After adopting the above scheme, a kind of functional cover film of the invention hinders ammonia characteristic detection device and detection method, tool
It has the following advantages：
1) this detection device, simple in structure, easy to operate, precision is high；
2) this detection method can be accurately measured suitable for static pile compositing system with waterproof and moisture-permeable function
The prevention ammonia of flexible compound film enters the ability of air.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of functionality cover film resistance ammonia characteristic detection device is answered, it can be achieved that accurately measuring the flexibility with waterproof and moisture-permeable function
Close the experimental rig of film resistance ammonia performance.Structure include nonstandard test equipment to cup (1), sealing device (3), sea water bath (2) and
The testing stand that related Assembly part and code test equipment distilling apparatus (4), heating element, detection instrument etc. are built jointly.Its
It is characterized in that, is sealed using silica gel plate between cup, for cover film sample between silica gel plate, it is fixed to be realized by steel ring
Position is realized cup using G words folder and compresses sealing；Sea water bath and cucurbit realize heating and temperature control using intelligent electric-heating set；Inspection
It surveys between instrument and counterpart cup body and is connected using rubber hose, detection instrument is fixed on test-bed.
2. a kind of functional cover film according to claim 1 hinders ammonia characteristic detection device, it is characterised in that：Nonstandard experiment
Equipment is organic glass material to cup, is divided into two cup bodies, upper cup body up and down and opens venthole at 3 (5,6,8), lower cup body is opened at 2
Air admission hole (10) at venthole (7,9) and 1.
3. a kind of functional cover film according to claim 1 hinders ammonia characteristic detection device, it is characterised in that：Hole 5 connects
Gas is passed through in alkaline solution beaker and carries out vent gas treatment by rubber hose；Hole 6,7 connects differential pressure indicator, inspection by rubber hose
Lower cup body pressure change in survey；Hole 8,9 connects ammonia concentration detector by rubber hose, and lower cup body ammonia concentration becomes in detection
Law；Hole 10 connects distilling apparatus；For adding test reagent, when experiment, passes through rubber stopper and keeps sealing in hole 11.
4. a kind of functional cover film according to claim 1 hinders ammonia characteristic detection device, it is characterised in that：Sealing device
Including upper silica gel plate (13), positioning steel ring (14), lower silica gel plate (16), wherein lower silica gel plate is fluted (12), groove cooperation is fixed
The position of cover film style (15) is fixed in position steel ring realization.
5. a kind of functional cover film according to claim 1 hinders ammonia characteristic detection device, it is characterised in that：Acquisition covering
When membrane type sample, there is the film of composite material, on the basis of single thin film；Film without composite material, to tile under relaxed state
It is bonded on the basis of single-layer woven cloth, laminating type is textile cloth upper, and film is under.The measurement site area of film style should be
100×100(mm2) more than, to ensure accuracy of measurement.
6. a kind of functional cover film realized using device described in claim 1 hinders ammonia characteristic detecting method, including following
Step：
1) sample for producing Pass Test requirement, is fixed on gasket, for use.
2) upper lower cup body quality a1, b1 is weighed, ensures that cup body is internally dry after record, experimental rig is installed by test requirements document.
Appropriate drier (drier is positioned on the internally dry platform of upper cup body) is added in upper cup body, is missed caused by reducing condensed water
Difference.
3) distilled water is added into sea water bath, sea water bath heated for controlling temperature is realized by electric jacket, waits for that temperature stablizes 60 DEG C, record temperature
Spend T1.
4) ammonia spirit of 100ml a concentration of 10% is added into distilling flask, weighs quality c1 at this time, is carried out by electric jacket
It heats and ensures 100 DEG C of steady temperature.
5) terminate to test when moisture evaporating completely in distilling flask, during which record a data at interval of 30s.Respectively time t,
Pressure difference p, upper lower cup body ammonia concentration n1, n2.
6) stop each heating device, after device to be tested is cooled to room temperature, lower cup body quality a2, b2 in weighing, round-bottomed flask matter
Measure c2.
7) cup body and internal solution are removed, the ammonia concn of lower cup body solution is measured by acid-base titration.
8) pass through experimental data processing, can obtain the resistance ammonia performance of such functional cover film.
7. a kind of functional cover film according to claim 6 hinders ammonia characteristic detecting method, it is characterised in that：Pass through calculating
The difference of the quality A of ammonia in step 4 ammonia spirit, the quality B of ammonia in step 7 ammonia spirit, comparison A and B can obtain such
The resistance ammonia performance of functional cover film.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810318204.8A CN108562527B (en) | 2018-04-11 | 2018-04-11 | Method for detecting ammonia blocking characteristic of functional covering film |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810318204.8A CN108562527B (en) | 2018-04-11 | 2018-04-11 | Method for detecting ammonia blocking characteristic of functional covering film |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108562527A true CN108562527A (en) | 2018-09-21 |
| CN108562527B CN108562527B (en) | 2021-02-02 |
Family
ID=63534717
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810318204.8A Active CN108562527B (en) | 2018-04-11 | 2018-04-11 | Method for detecting ammonia blocking characteristic of functional covering film |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109682714A (en) * | 2019-02-02 | 2019-04-26 | 农业部规划设计研究院 | A kind of heap body measure of resistance device and resistance coefficient acquisition methods |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4656865A (en) * | 1985-09-09 | 1987-04-14 | The Dow Chemical Company | System for analyzing permeation of a gas or vapor through a film or membrane |
| JP3134927U (en) * | 2007-06-15 | 2007-08-30 | ジーティーアールテック株式会社 | Cell for permeation measuring device and permeation measuring device |
| CN207163870U (en) * | 2017-07-13 | 2018-03-30 | 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Improved indoor detection film barrier device |
-
2018
- 2018-04-11 CN CN201810318204.8A patent/CN108562527B/en active Active
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4656865A (en) * | 1985-09-09 | 1987-04-14 | The Dow Chemical Company | System for analyzing permeation of a gas or vapor through a film or membrane |
| JP3134927U (en) * | 2007-06-15 | 2007-08-30 | ジーティーアールテック株式会社 | Cell for permeation measuring device and permeation measuring device |
| CN207163870U (en) * | 2017-07-13 | 2018-03-30 | 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Improved indoor detection film barrier device |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 马双双 等: "《功能膜覆盖好氧堆肥过程氨气减排性能研究》", 《农业机械学报》 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109682714A (en) * | 2019-02-02 | 2019-04-26 | 农业部规划设计研究院 | A kind of heap body measure of resistance device and resistance coefficient acquisition methods |
| CN109682714B (en) * | 2019-02-02 | 2023-11-10 | 农业部规划设计研究院 | Pile body resistance measuring device and resistance coefficient obtaining method |
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