CN108562085B - Device and method for cooling high-temperature superconducting element by using normal-pressure super-cooling liquid nitrogen - Google Patents
Device and method for cooling high-temperature superconducting element by using normal-pressure super-cooling liquid nitrogen Download PDFInfo
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- CN108562085B CN108562085B CN201810332610.XA CN201810332610A CN108562085B CN 108562085 B CN108562085 B CN 108562085B CN 201810332610 A CN201810332610 A CN 201810332610A CN 108562085 B CN108562085 B CN 108562085B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D3/00—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies
- F25D3/10—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies using liquefied gases, e.g. liquid air
Abstract
The invention discloses a device for cooling a high-temperature superconducting element by utilizing normal-pressure super-cooling liquid nitrogen, which comprises a liquid nitrogen super-cooling tank and a superconducting component cooling tank which are respectively connected with a liquid nitrogen cabinet, wherein a distance is reserved between each tank body and the liquid level in the tank to form a pressure space; the liquid nitrogen supercooling tank is connected with a circulating neon refrigerating mechanism; the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention uses neon gas to circulate refrigeration, and exchanges heat with liquid nitrogen, thereby reducing energy consumption; in addition, vacuum maintenance and system overpressure protection are also arranged to maintain the pressure stability of the liquid nitrogen supercooling and evaporation processes; the invention utilizes the supercooled liquid nitrogen to efficiently cool the superconducting components, and has positive significance for the development of high-temperature superconducting test devices in China.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a cooling technology of a high-temperature superconducting system, in particular to a device and a method for cooling the high-temperature superconducting system by utilizing normal-pressure super-cooling liquid nitrogen.
Background
The method has the advantages that line loss is reduced, energy is saved, and the efficiency of power transmission is improved, and is one of the main contents of design operation work of a power department; with the gradual maturity of high-temperature superconducting technology, power transmission will enter a high-temperature superconducting era in the future, and the high-temperature superconducting research level has great significance on the strategic level of the country; the research of high-temperature superconductivity requires that the whole high-temperature superconductivity system is placed in a cryogenic environment below 73K, which puts high requirements on a low-temperature maintenance system.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, the present invention provides an apparatus and method for cooling a high temperature superconducting system using normal pressure super-cooled liquid nitrogen.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a device for cooling a high-temperature superconducting element by utilizing normal-pressure super-cooling liquid nitrogen comprises a liquid nitrogen super-cooling tank and a superconducting component cooling tank which are respectively connected with a liquid nitrogen cabinet, wherein a distance is reserved between each tank body and the liquid level in the tank to form a pressure space, and the device also comprises a vacuum control mechanism connected with each pressure space; the liquid nitrogen supercooling tank and the superconducting component cooling tank are arranged in a staggered mode so that the liquid level of the liquid nitrogen supercooling tank is higher than that of the superconducting component cooling tank, and the bottoms of the liquid nitrogen supercooling tank and the superconducting component cooling tank are communicated to form a siphon channel; the liquid nitrogen supercooling tank is connected with a circulating neon refrigerating mechanism, and the air pressure in the pressure space of the liquid nitrogen supercooling tank is negative pressure.
Preferably, the circulating neon refrigeration mechanism is a closed loop filled with neon, one part of the closed loop penetrates through the liquid nitrogen super-cooling tank, and the other part of the closed loop is arranged in the liquid nitrogen super-cooling tank; the closed loop penetrating out of the liquid nitrogen supercooling tank part is sequentially connected with a neon compressor, a main heat exchanger and a neon expander; and a heat exchange capillary tube is immersed below the liquid level of the liquid nitrogen supercooling tank.
Preferably, the neon compressor comprises a first-stage neon gas sub-compressor and a second-stage neon gas sub-compressor which are sequentially connected in series; the neon expander comprises a first-stage neon sub-expander and a second-stage neon sub-expander which are connected with the heat exchanger in parallel.
Preferably, each pressure space is connected with at least one vacuum pumping port, a pipeline on the other side of each vacuum pumping port is sequentially connected with a vacuum resistance gauge and a vacuum degree maintaining electromagnetic valve, and pipelines extending out of the vacuum degree maintaining electromagnetic valves are commonly connected with a vacuum pump; and the liquid nitrogen supercooling tank and the liquid nitrogen cabinet are both communicated with a liquid nitrogen supplement tank.
Preferably, the first-stage neon gas compressor is connected with the first-stage neon gas expander through a first-stage motor, and the second-stage neon gas compressor is connected with the second-stage neon gas expander through a second-stage motor; and the primary motor and the secondary motor are internally provided with parameter adjusting mechanisms.
Preferably, the DCS configuration basic control system is connected with the sub-control system through RS485 field communication.
A method for cooling a high-temperature superconducting element by utilizing normal-pressure supercooled liquid nitrogen comprises the following steps:
firstly, troubleshooting equipment and pipeline abnormity between equipment;
step two, carrying out self-inspection on a system comprising a vacuum control mechanism;
purging the pipeline by nitrogen, replacing air and vacuumizing to reach a preset vacuum degree;
step four, circulating the step three for 3 to 5 times;
step five, starting the circulating neon to refrigerate the liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen supercooling tank;
step six, liquid nitrogen enters the superconducting component cooling tank from the liquid nitrogen supercooling tank from the liquid nitrogen self-siphon channel to cool the superconducting component;
step seven, starting a vacuum control system to control and adjust the vacuum degree in the tank pressure space in the liquid nitrogen cabinet;
step eight, balancing a liquid nitrogen supplement tank and a liquid nitrogen supercooling tank, and balancing liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen supplement tank and a liquid nitrogen cabinet;
step nine, circulating the step seven and the step eight to maintain the temperature of the superconducting component cooling tank at 65K until the superconducting component is cooled.
Preferably, the circulating neon is used for refrigerating the liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen supercooling tank by the following method: before the system is started, normal-temperature neon sequentially passes through a primary neon gas compressor and a secondary neon gas compressor for secondary compression, the neon gas subjected to heat exchange by a main heat exchanger is divided into two parts which respectively enter a primary neon gas expander and a secondary neon gas expander, neon gas with different low-temperature sequences is obtained according to parameters set by a motor, and the neon gas with the different low-temperature sequences and liquid nitrogen immersed in a liquid nitrogen supercooling tank exchange heat through a heat exchange capillary;
and after heat exchange, the neon gas circulates the compression, heat exchange and expansion steps.
Has the advantages that: the invention relates to a method and a device for cooling a high-temperature superconducting system by normal-pressure super-cooled liquid nitrogen, which utilize circulating neon gas for compression, expansion and refrigeration, use a liquid nitrogen super-cooling tank for cooling raw material liquid nitrogen, and obtain liquid nitrogen with different low-temperature sequences by adjusting the compression and expansion parameters of the circulating neon gas; the gravity potential difference between the liquid nitrogen supercooling tank and the superconducting component cooling tank and the density difference of the liquid nitrogen are utilized to generate a siphon phenomenon, and the supercooled liquid nitrogen is conveyed into the superconducting component cooling tank to cool key equipment such as a superconducting component and the like; the invention is provided with vacuum maintenance and system overpressure protection to maintain the pressure stability of the liquid nitrogen supercooling and evaporation process; the invention utilizes the supercooled liquid nitrogen to efficiently cool the superconducting components, and has positive significance for the development of high-temperature superconducting test devices in China.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of a neon refrigerant circulation system according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the siphon principle of the present invention for transporting subcooled liquid nitrogen.
Fig. 4 is a block diagram of the electrical part of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of the operation of the apparatus for cooling a superconducting component by liquid nitrogen according to the present invention.
The figures are labeled as follows:
the system comprises a 1-liquid nitrogen supercooling tank, a 2-supplement column, a 3-liquid nitrogen supercooling tank liquid nitrogen supplement control valve, a 4-vacuum resistance gauge, a 5-neon expander, a 6-main heat exchanger, a 7-neon compressor, an 8-vacuum degree maintaining electromagnetic valve, a 10-liquid nitrogen supercooling tank and superconducting component cooling tank communicating valve, an 11-liquid nitrogen supplement tank, a 12-superconducting component cooling tank top nitrogen evacuation one-way valve and a 13-superconducting component cooling tank top nitrogen stop valve; 14-superconducting component cooling tank, 15-vacuum pump, 16-vacuum degree control valve, 17-normal pressure nitrogen steel bottle, 18-normal pressure nitrogen conveying valve, 19-superconducting component cooling tank liquid nitrogen emptying valve, 20-liquid nitrogen cabinet, 21-liquid nitrogen cabinet liquid nitrogen supplement valve, 23-DCS configuration basic control system, 24-communicating column, 27-heat exchange capillary tube, 28-first-stage motor, 29-second-stage neon gas expander, 30-second-stage neon gas compressor, 31-first-stage neon gas expander, 32-second-stage motor, 34-first-stage neon gas compressor
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the drawings attached to the specification, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
The device for cooling a high-temperature superconducting system by using normal-pressure super-cooling liquid nitrogen as shown in figures 1 to 5 comprises a liquid nitrogen super-cooling tank 1 and a superconducting component cooling tank 14 which are respectively connected with a liquid nitrogen cabinet 20, wherein a distance is reserved between each tank body and the liquid level in the tank to form a pressure space, the pressure space is used for controlling the pressure balance between nitrogen and the liquid nitrogen, the liquid nitrogen can be conveyed in a certain direction by controlling the pressure of the pressure space, and each pressure space is also connected with a vacuum control mechanism for controlling the vacuum degree;
the liquid nitrogen supercooling tank 1 and the superconducting component cooling tank 14 are arranged in a staggered mode so that the liquid level of the liquid nitrogen supercooling tank 1 is higher than that of the superconducting component cooling tank 14, the bottoms of the liquid nitrogen supercooling tank and the superconducting component cooling tank are communicated to form a siphon channel, the bottom 1 of the liquid nitrogen supercooling tank is communicated with the bottom of the superconducting component cooling tank 14, a siphon effect is generated through gravitational potential and density difference between the liquid nitrogen supercooling tank and the superconducting component cooling tank, and normal-pressure supercooled liquid nitrogen is conveyed into the superconducting component cooling tank 14;
the liquid nitrogen supercooling tank 1 is connected with a circulating neon refrigerating mechanism, and the air pressure in the pressure space of the liquid nitrogen supercooling tank 1 is negative pressure.
The invention liquid nitrogen supercooling tank 1 inputs the supercooled low-temperature liquid nitrogen into a superconducting part cooling tank 14 through a formed siphon channel, a neon circulating refrigeration mechanism is a closed loop filled with neon, and the closed loop comprises a neon compressor 7, a main heat exchanger 6, a neon expander 5 and a heat exchange capillary 27; the neon compressor 7, the main heat exchanger 6 and the neon expander 5 are communicated with the liquid nitrogen supercooling tank 1 for heat exchange through a heat exchange capillary 27 immersed in the liquid nitrogen supercooling tank 1 on the liquid level of the liquid nitrogen supercooling tank 1.
As a further optimization, the neon compressor 7 comprises a first-stage neon sub-compressor 34 and a second-stage neon sub-compressor 30 which are sequentially connected in series; the neon gas expander 5 comprises a first-stage neon gas expander 31 and a second-stage neon gas expander 29 which are connected with the heat exchanger in parallel; after normal temperature neon is compressed by the primary neon gas compressor 34 and the secondary neon gas compressor 30 in sequence, heat exchange is carried out through the main heat exchanger, the neon gas after heat exchange is distributed to the primary neon gas expander 31 and the secondary neon gas expander 29, and different low-temperature sequence neon gas is obtained by the primary neon gas compressor 34 and the secondary neon gas compressor 30 through different parameters set by the primary motor 28 and the secondary motor 32.
For further optimization, each pressure space is connected with at least one vacuum pumping port, a pipeline on the other side of each vacuum pumping port is sequentially connected with a vacuum resistance gauge 4 and a vacuum degree maintaining electromagnetic valve 8, and pipelines extending out of the vacuum degree maintaining electromagnetic valves 8 are commonly connected with a vacuum pump 15; the liquid nitrogen supercooling tank 1 and the liquid nitrogen cabinet 20 are both communicated with a liquid nitrogen supplement tank 11; a pressure space is formed at the top of a liquid nitrogen supercooling tank 1, a superconducting component cooling tank 14 and a liquid nitrogen cabinet 20, and the pressure intensity in the pressure space jointly adjusts the vacuum degree in the pressure space through a vacuum resistance gauge 4, a vacuum degree maintaining electromagnetic valve 8 and a vacuum pump 15;
in the figure 1, the system pressure stabilization is realized by a superconducting component cooling tank nitrogen stop valve 13, a superconducting component cooling tank nitrogen evacuation check valve 12, a liquid introducing column 24, a normal-pressure nitrogen delivery valve 18 and a superconducting component cooling tank liquid nitrogen evacuation valve 19; when the pressure at the top of the liquid nitrogen super-cooling tank 1 is over-pressure, the liquid nitrogen of the liquid nitrogen super-cooling tank is conveyed back to the liquid nitrogen supplement tank 11 through the supplement column 2; similarly, when the top of the superconducting component cooling tank 14 is overpressurized, liquid nitrogen is delivered back to the liquid nitrogen tank 20 through the liquid passing column 24 and the superconducting component cooling tank liquid nitrogen evacuation valve 19.
Referring to fig. 4, the invention controls the neon compressor 7, the neon expander 5, the vacuum resistance gauge 4, the vacuum pump 15 to start and stop and the vacuum degree maintaining electromagnetic valve 8 through the DCS configuration basic control system. The vacuum resistance gauge 4 feeds back the vacuum degrees of the liquid nitrogen supercooling tank 1 and the superconducting component cooling tank 14, and the DCS configuration basic control system controls the vacuum electromagnetic valve 8 to act according to the fed back vacuum degrees of the liquid nitrogen supercooling tank 1 and the superconducting component cooling tank 14.
A method for cooling a high-temperature superconducting system by utilizing normal-pressure supercooled liquid nitrogen comprises the following steps:
firstly, troubleshooting equipment and pipeline abnormity between equipment;
step two, carrying out self-inspection on a system comprising a vacuum control mechanism;
step three, after the system is free from abnormality in self-inspection, purging a pipeline by using nitrogen, replacing air and vacuumizing to reach a preset vacuum degree;
step four, circulating the step three for 3 to 5 times;
step five, after the system starting preparation work is finished, neon is filled into the circulating neon system, then a neon compressor 5 is started, and a neon expander 7 is started to expand and refrigerate after the outlet pressure of the equal compressor reaches the standard; starting a raw material liquid nitrogen pump after the circulation neon gas refrigeration is started, and conveying the raw material liquid nitrogen into a liquid nitrogen supercooling tank 1; meanwhile, the vacuum degree maintaining electromagnetic valve 8 starts to work, and the vacuum degree maintaining electromagnetic valve 8 is controlled to be started or stopped through the vacuum resistance gauge 4 so as to maintain the top pressure of the liquid nitrogen supercooling tank 1.
Step six, liquid nitrogen enters the superconducting component cooling tank from the liquid nitrogen supercooling tank from the liquid nitrogen self-siphon channel to cool the superconducting component;
and step seven, cooling the superconducting component by normal-pressure super-cooling liquid nitrogen. Measuring the top pressure of the superconducting component cooling tank 14 through a vacuum resistance gauge 4, and controlling the opening and closing of a vacuum degree maintaining electromagnetic valve 8;
step eight, setting overpressure protection in the system operation process, and when nitrogen gas at the tops of the liquid nitrogen supercooling tank 1 and the superconducting component cooling tank 14 is in overpressure, conveying the liquid nitrogen back to the raw material liquid nitrogen supply tank through the supplement column 2 and the liquid passing column 24 to maintain the top pressure of the supercooling tank to be stable;
step nine, circulating the step seven and the step eight to maintain the temperature of the superconducting component cooling tank at 65K until the superconducting component is cooled.
The invention relates to a device and a method for cooling a high-temperature superconducting system by normal-pressure super-cooling liquid nitrogen. The gravity potential difference between the liquid nitrogen supercooling tank 1 and the superconducting component cooling tank 14 and the density difference of the two liquid nitrogen are utilized to generate a siphon phenomenon, and the supercooled liquid nitrogen is conveyed into the superconducting component cooling tank to cool key equipment such as a superconducting component and the like; the invention is provided with vacuum maintenance and system overpressure protection to maintain the pressure stability of the liquid nitrogen supercooling and evaporation process; the invention utilizes the supercooled liquid nitrogen to efficiently cool the superconducting components, and has positive significance for the development of high-temperature superconducting test devices in China.
Finally, it should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and many variations are possible. All modifications which can be derived or suggested by a person skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present invention are to be considered within the scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. The utility model provides an utilize ordinary pressure subcooling liquid nitrogen cooling high temperature superconducting element's device, is including the liquid nitrogen subcooling jar and the superconductive part cooling tank that are connected with the liquid nitrogen cabinet respectively, leaves the distance in order to form the pressure space between each jar body and the jar internal liquid level, still including the vacuum control mechanism who connects each pressure space, its characterized in that: the liquid nitrogen supercooling tank and the superconducting component cooling tank are arranged in a staggered mode so that the liquid level of the liquid nitrogen supercooling tank is higher than that of the superconducting component cooling tank, and the bottoms of the liquid nitrogen supercooling tank and the superconducting component cooling tank are communicated to form a siphon channel;
the liquid nitrogen supercooling tank is connected with a circulating neon refrigerating mechanism, and the air pressure in the pressure space of the liquid nitrogen supercooling tank is negative pressure;
the circulating neon refrigeration mechanism is a closed loop filled with neon, one part of the closed loop penetrates through the liquid nitrogen super-cooling tank, and the other part of the closed loop is arranged in the liquid nitrogen super-cooling tank; the closed loop penetrating out of the liquid nitrogen supercooling tank part is sequentially connected with a neon compressor, a main heat exchanger and a neon expander; a heat exchange capillary tube is immersed below the liquid level of the liquid nitrogen supercooling tank;
the neon compressor comprises a first-stage neon gas sub-compressor and a second-stage neon gas sub-compressor which are sequentially connected in series; the neon expander comprises a primary neon sub expander and a secondary neon sub expander which are connected with the main heat exchanger in parallel;
the first-stage neon gas compressor is connected with the first-stage neon gas expander through a first-stage motor, and the second-stage neon gas compressor is connected with the second-stage neon gas expander through a second-stage motor; the primary motor and the secondary motor are internally provided with parameter adjusting mechanisms;
each pressure space is connected with at least one vacuum pumping port, a pipeline on the other side of each vacuum pumping port is sequentially connected with a vacuum resistance gauge and a vacuum degree maintaining electromagnetic valve, and pipelines extending out of the vacuum degree maintaining electromagnetic valves are commonly connected with a vacuum pump; and the liquid nitrogen supercooling tank and the liquid nitrogen cabinet are both communicated with a liquid nitrogen supplement tank.
2. A method for using the apparatus for cooling a high temperature superconducting element using atmospheric super-cooled liquid nitrogen according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
firstly, troubleshooting equipment and pipeline abnormity between equipment;
step two, carrying out self-inspection on a system comprising a vacuum control mechanism;
purging the pipeline by nitrogen, replacing air and vacuumizing to reach a preset vacuum degree;
step four, circulating the step three for 3 to 5 times;
step five, starting the circulating neon to refrigerate the liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen supercooling tank;
step six, liquid nitrogen enters the superconducting component cooling tank from the liquid nitrogen supercooling tank from the liquid nitrogen self-siphon channel to cool the superconducting component;
step seven, starting a vacuum control system to control and adjust the vacuum degree in the tank pressure space in the liquid nitrogen cabinet;
step eight, balancing a liquid nitrogen supplement tank and a liquid nitrogen supercooling tank, and balancing liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen supplement tank and a liquid nitrogen cabinet;
step nine, circulating the step seven and the step eight to maintain the temperature of the superconducting component cooling tank at 65K until the superconducting component is cooled.
3. The method for using the apparatus for cooling high temperature superconducting elements using normal pressure super-cooled liquid nitrogen as claimed in claim 2, wherein the circulating neon is used for refrigerating the liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen super-cooled tank by the following method:
before the system is started, normal-temperature neon sequentially passes through a primary neon gas compressor and a secondary neon gas compressor for secondary compression, the neon gas subjected to heat exchange by a main heat exchanger is divided into two parts which respectively enter a primary neon gas expander and a secondary neon gas expander, neon gas with different low-temperature sequences is obtained according to parameters set by a motor, and the neon gas with the different low-temperature sequences and liquid nitrogen immersed in a liquid nitrogen supercooling tank exchange heat through a heat exchange capillary; and after heat exchange, the neon gas circulates the compression, heat exchange and expansion steps.
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| CN110136884B (en) * | 2019-04-18 | 2020-08-25 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Device for cooling high-temperature superconducting component |
| CN112397466B (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-07-09 | 无锡中科德芯光电感知技术研究院有限公司 | Deep low-temperature control system for power device |
| CN112503837A (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2021-03-16 | 深圳供电局有限公司 | Compact refrigeration equipment |
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| CN102881381A (en) * | 2012-09-27 | 2013-01-16 | 张家港韩中深冷科技有限公司 | Superconducting cable cooling system |
| CN104064279A (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2014-09-24 | 苏州华徕光电仪器有限公司 | Cooling system for cold insulation superconducting cable |
| CN104064280A (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2014-09-24 | 苏州华徕光电仪器有限公司 | Superconducting cable circulating cooling system |
| CN208170813U (en) * | 2018-04-13 | 2018-11-30 | 杭州杭氧股份有限公司 | A kind of device using normal pressure overfreezing liquid nitrogen cooling high-temperature superconducting element |
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| FR2881216B1 (en) * | 2005-01-27 | 2007-04-06 | Org Europeene De Rech | CRYOGENIC COOLING SYSTEM FOR SUPERCONDUCTING DEVICE |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102881381A (en) * | 2012-09-27 | 2013-01-16 | 张家港韩中深冷科技有限公司 | Superconducting cable cooling system |
| CN104064279A (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2014-09-24 | 苏州华徕光电仪器有限公司 | Cooling system for cold insulation superconducting cable |
| CN104064280A (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2014-09-24 | 苏州华徕光电仪器有限公司 | Superconducting cable circulating cooling system |
| CN208170813U (en) * | 2018-04-13 | 2018-11-30 | 杭州杭氧股份有限公司 | A kind of device using normal pressure overfreezing liquid nitrogen cooling high-temperature superconducting element |
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