CN108561863A - A kind of solar steam generator - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of solar steam generators, including speculum and drum, the drum is located at the focal position of speculum, solar energy reflection is used to heat the water in drum by the speculum to drum, the heat pipe upwardly extended since drum bottom is arranged in inside steam drum, the heat pipe is more, and the bottom of the lower end of the heat pipe is connected on the inner wall of drum.The present invention provides a kind of solar steam generators of new heat pipe structure, by the fireballing feature of adopting heat pipes for heat transfer, to improve the heat transfer rate to solar energy, can further meet the absorbability of heat by the way that heat pipe is arranged in drum bottom.

Description

A kind of solar steam generator

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of steam generator technology more particularly to a kind of steam generators of the heat pipe of Novel structure.

Background technology

Hot pipe technique is U.S. Los Alamos (Los Alamos) in 1963National LaboratoryGeorge Ge Luofo One kind of (George Grover) invention is known as the heat transfer of " heat pipe "Element, it takes full advantage of heat-conduction principle and is situated between with phase transformation The heat of thermal objects is transmitted to outside heat source rapidly by the quick thermal transport property of matter through heat pipe, and the capacity of heat transmission is more than to appoint The capacity of heat transmission of what known metal.

The industries such as aerospace, military project were widely used in before hot pipe technique, since being introduced into radiator manufacturing so that People change the mentality of designing of traditional heat sinks, have broken away from and simple have obtained the list of more preferable heat dissipation effect by high air quantity motor One radiating mode opens heat dissipation industry new world using hot pipe technique so that radiator obtains satisfied heat transfer effect.At present Heat pipe is widely used in various heat transmission equipments, including the UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN etc. of power domain, such as power plant.

Steam generator is the mechanical equipment for water being heated as using the thermal energy of fuel or other energy steam.Steam is sent out Raw device application field is extensive, is widely used in clothing factory, drycleaner's, restaurant, steamed bun shop,Dining room,Dining room, factories and miness,Bean productFactory etc. Place.Current steam generator is also widely used in the treatment of various diseases, be particularly applied to muscle, ligament etc. because For the treatment of chronic disease caused by aging and old damage, such as CN2167709Y patents, but at present in the prior art, such as CN2167709Y patents can cause the vapor (steam) temperature generated excessively high, and can cause because directly generating steam by heating The water from steam of generation point is excessive, and drug is because be that particle is deposited on lower part it is possible that will appear, the steam sprayed Middle active constituent content is too low, and temperature is excessively high, and intelligence degree is not high in the prior art, can not carry out effective intelligence Energyization operates.

In background technology, either directly heats drum when utilizing solar energy heating steam generator, solar energy or pass through Secondary heat exchange generates steam, especially directly heats drum, and drum top is carried out under using the heat convection of inside steam drum The fluid convection in portion exchanges heat, but needs lower part hot fluid free convection to top in such cases, and heat exchange efficiency is low.

In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention is improved on the basis of invention in front, a kind of new structure is provided Solar steam generator makes full use of heat source, reduces energy consumption, improves combustion efficiency.

Invention content

In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention is improved on the basis of invention in front, a kind of new heat pipe knot is provided Structure steam generator, to realize making full use of for solar energy.

To achieve the goals above, technical scheme is as follows：

A kind of solar steam generator, including speculum and drum, the drum are located at the focal position of speculum, institute It states speculum and solar energy reflection is used to heat the water in drum to drum, inside steam drum setting is prolonged upwards since drum bottom The heat pipe stretched, the heat pipe are more, and the bottom of the lower end of the heat pipe is connected on the inner wall of drum.

Preferably, the bottom of the lower end of the heat pipe is the inner wall of drum.

Preferably, communicating pipe is arranged between at least two adjacent heat pipes.

Preferably, the center of drum is located at the focal position of speculum.

Preferably, header is arranged in the bottom of the drum, the heat pipe lower part is connected to header.

Preferably, the lower wall surface of the header is the face of the bottom of drum.

Preferably, the heat pipe surrounds bottom centre's point annular Multi-layers distributing of drum.

Preferably, be arranged multilayer heat pipe along the bottom centre point of drum, the axis of every layer of heat pipe and central point away from From identical, to be formed using the bottom centre of drum point as the arc structure in the center of circle.

Preferably, in horizontal plane projection, the outer diameter of heat pipe is d, between the adjacent heat pipe center of circle of same layer away from From for L, it is N, same layer institute that the center of circle of heat pipe and two closed on the heat pipe center of circle of adjacent row, which constitute the apex angle of isosceles triangle, Then meet claimed below in diameter of a circle D2, the diameter of a circle D1 of adjacent inner layer：

Sin (N)=a-b*S²- c*S, S=d/ (D2-D1), a, b, c are parameters, meet following require：

0.846<a<0.848,0.529<b<0.530,0.846<b<0.848；

0.3<d/L<0.5。

Preferably, tapering into d/L, a is increasing, and b is smaller and smaller, and c is increasing.

Compared with prior art, the present invention has the advantage that：

1) present invention improves solar steam generator, by the way that heat pipe is arranged in drum bottom, passes through heat pipe Solar energy is quickly transmitted to the top of drum by the fast feature of heat transfer rate, improves the heat transfer rate to solar energy, can Further meet the absorbability of heat.

2) will be set communicating pipe between adjacent heat pipe, it, can be to avoid uneven heating between heat pipe by the way that communicating pipe is arranged It is even, realize that the pressure between heat pipe is balanced, defect caused by avoiding the uneven heating between different heat pipes even.

3) changing rule of the invention by crossing distributed quantity and caliber communicating pipe, can ensure in process fluid flow In reach as soon as possible pressure equilibrium.

4) regularity of distribution of opposite heat tube has carried out a large amount of numerical simulation and experimental study, is summarized on the basis of research The relational expression of best heat pipe distribution.

Description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is solar steam generator structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of steam generator setting communicating pipe of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is heat pipe horizontal plane projection structure schematic diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is control structure schematic diagram of the present invention.

In figure：1- reflective mirrors, 2- drums, 3-heat pipes, 4- water inlets, 5- steam (vapor) outlets, 6- communicating pipes, 7- central controllers

Specific implementation mode

The specific implementation mode of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Herein, if without specified otherwise, it is related to formula, "/" indicates that division, "×", " * " indicate multiplication.

A kind of solar steam generator using heat pipe is disclosed picture 1-4, and the steam generator includes speculum 1 With drum 2, the drum 2 is located at the focal position of speculum 1, and the speculum 1 is by solar energy reflection to drum 2 for heating Water in drum 2, the steam generator further include the heat pipe 3 being arranged in drum 2, as shown in Figure 1, the heat pipe 3 is arranged It inside drum 2, and is upwardly extended since 2 bottom of drum, the heat pipe 3 is more, and the bottom of the lower end of the heat pipe connects It is connected on the inner wall of drum.

Traditional solar steam generator is all to generate steam by direct irradiation of sunlight drum, utilizes inside steam drum Heat convection carry out the fluid convection heat exchange of drum upper and lower part, but need lower part hot fluid natural in such cases It is by convection into top, heat exchange efficiency is low, and the present invention in drum bottom by being arranged heat pipe, because the gas of the inside is vertical after heat pipe is heated The evaporation ends for carving the top for the heat pipe that evaporation rises, exchange heat on top, and such heat is just quickly transmitted to drum top, Heat exchange efficiency can be quickly improved, solar energy heating utilization rate is improved.

Preferably, the bottom of the lower end of the heat pipe 3 is the inner wall of drum 2.Heat pipe and drum is allow to make in this way For an entirety thermal contact resistance is reduced using the inner wall of drum as the lower end wall surface of heat pipe so that compact overall structure,

Preferably, the drum and heat pipe are to be integrated.

Preferably, communicating pipe 6 is arranged between at least two adjacent heat pipes 3.Such as it is as shown in Fig. 2, adjacent to each other Communicating pipe 6 is set between two heat pipes 5.Certainly, Fig. 2 is only schematic diagram, although showing only two heat pipes, not table Bright only two heat pipes., can be even to avoid uneven heating between heat pipe 3 by the way that communicating pipe 6 is arranged, realize the pressure between heat pipe Equilibrium, defect caused by avoiding the uneven heating between different heat pipes even.

Preferably, from 3 lower part of heat pipe to 3 top of heat pipe, it is continuously increased the distance between adjacent communicating pipe 6.Because hot Pipe absorbs solar energy, the then heat release in drum in bottom.With flowing up for heat pipe vertical portion fluid, fluid is continuous Heat release, with the continuous heat release of fluid, the pressure in different heat pipes continuously decreases, therefore by above-mentioned setting, can ensure Reach pressure equilibrium in process fluid flow as soon as possible, saves communicating pipe quantity, energy-saving material.

Preferably, from 3 lower part of heat pipe to 3 top of heat pipe, the distance between adjacent communicating pipe 6, ever-increasing amplitude was got over Come bigger.Be found through experiments that, above-mentioned setting, can ensure in process fluid flow it is more excellent faster reach pressure equilibrium. This is also the best mode of communicating got by largely studying pressure changes in distribution rule.

Preferably, from 3 lower part of heat pipe to 3 top of heat pipe, the diameter of communicating pipe 6 constantly reduces.This purpose is to set Set the connection area for ensureing bigger, because of flowing up with fluid, the continuous heat release of fluid, as fluid is constantly put Heat, the pressure in different heat pipes is smaller and smaller, therefore by above-mentioned setting, can ensure to reach as soon as possible in process fluid flow To pressure equilibrium.

Preferably, from 3 lower part of heat pipe to 3 top of heat pipe, the ever-reduced amplitude of diameter of communicating pipe 6 is increasing. Be found through experiments that, above-mentioned setting, can ensure in process fluid flow it is more excellent faster reach pressure equilibrium.This is also logical Excessive quantifier elimination pressure changes in distribution rule and the best mode of communicating got.

Preferably, the center of drum is located at the focal position of speculum.It is located at reflector focal point position by drum center It sets, it is ensured that drum Omnidirectional heating is uniform.

Preferably, liquid is arranged in the drum.The steam generator is a kind of steaming of drug fumigation in treating function Vapour generator.

Preferably, drum includes water inlet 4 and steam (vapor) outlet 5, the steam of generation is directly gone out from steam (vapor) outlet 5.

Alternatively, the steam generator further includes liquid evaporation tank, and the liquid evaporation tank passes through pipeline It is connected to drum 3, atomizer is set in the liquid evaporation tank, steam (vapor) outlet is arranged in the liquid evaporation tank.

Drug is set in the drum, the drug immersion in water, in use, being added by heat pipe in drum Hot water, by water come Heating Drug, to generate liquid in drum 3.The liquid of generation enters liquid evaporation tank by pipeline It is interior, and be atomized in liquid evaporation tank, then it is discharged by steam (vapor) outlet.Steam (vapor) outlet can be directly against the life of patient Sick position discharge, for treating.

The heat pipe is multiple, along the center radially outward direction of drum bottom, the distribution density of the heat pipe It is smaller and smaller.Numerical simulation and it was found that, along drum bottom center radially outward direction, the received heat of heat pipe It is smaller and smaller, and the temperature of the heat pipe of different location is also different, to cause local heating uneven.Because in The solar energy of the heart, focusing is more, and received heat is increasing, and exchange capability of heat is caused also to increase, and therefore, the present invention passes through in drum The density of the different location setting heat pipe of bottom is different, and the integral heat pipe temperature to make keeps essentially identical, whole to improve The heat exchange efficiency of body, saves material, and local damage caused by avoiding non-uniform temperature extends the service life of heat pipe.

Preferably, along the center radially outward direction of drum bottom, the distribution density of the heat pipe is smaller and smaller Amplitude constantly increase.As the variation of heat pipe distribution density, the present invention has carried out a large amount of numerical simulation and experiment, to Obtain the changing rule of above-mentioned heat pipe distribution density.By above-mentioned changing rule, material can be saved, while can also carry High 9% or so heat exchange efficiency.

Preferably, the diameter and length of each heat pipe 3 are identical.

Preferably, the heat pipe 3 is multiple, along the center radially outward direction of drum bottom, the heat pipe Caliber it is smaller and smaller.The reason of concrete reason is with front heat pipe distribution density is identical.

Preferably, along the center radially outward direction of drum bottom, the smaller and smaller width of the caliber of the heat pipe Degree is continuous to be increased.The reason of concrete reason is with front heat pipe distribution density is identical.

Preferably, the distribution density and length of all heat pipes 3 are all identical.

Preferably, as shown in figure 3, from top downwards from, or horizontal plane projection on, the heat pipe 3 surround vapour Wrap the central point annular Multi-layers distributing of bottom.

Preferably, heat pipe 3 is arranged in center position, along central point setting multilayer heat pipe 3, the axis of every layer of heat pipe 3 With it is identical at a distance from central point, to formed using the central point of drum bottom as the arc structure in the center of circle.

It is found by numerical simulation and experiment, distance at the distance between heat pipe 3, including same diametrical position and adjacent The distance between layer cannot be too small, too small that heat pipe distribution can be caused excessive, causes the caloric receptivity of every heat pipe insufficient, crosses conference and leads The distribution of pyrogenicity pipe is very little, causes heat pipe to overheat, therefore the application sums up by a large amount of numerical simulation and experiment and carrys out heat pipe 3 The distribution of the optimization of distribution so that heat pipe can neither recept the caloric deficiency, and it is excessive to recept the caloric.

As shown in figure 3, the internal diameter of the drum is D, the outer diameter of heat pipe 3 is d, the adjacent heat pipe central shaft of same layer The circular arc of line is N, and the distance between adjacent heat pipe center of circle of same layer is L, and the center of circle of the circular arc is the center of storage heater Axis, diameter of a circle D2 where same layer, the diameter of a circle D1 of adjacent inner layer then meet claimed below：

Sin (N)=a-b*S²- c*S, S=d/ (D2-D1), a, b, c are parameters, meet following require：

0.846<a<0.848,0.529<b<0.530,0.846<b<0.848；

Preferably, a=0.847, b=0.5292, c=0.847.

Preferably, tapering into D2/D, a is increasing, b, and c is smaller and smaller.

Preferably, 0 °<N<120°.

Preferably, 10 °<N<70°.

Above-mentioned empirical equation is to be obtained by a large amount of numerical simulations and experiment, and pass through verification experimental verification, and error is substantially Within 3%.

Preferably, the heat absorption capacity 900-1100W of heat pipe, further preferably 1000W；

Internal diameter is that D is 1300-1500 millimeters, further preferably 1400 millimeters.

Heat pipe 3 is 9-10 millimeters, further preferably 9.5mm.

Certainly, Fig. 3 shows only 3 layers of heat pipe, can essentially be more than three layers.D2, D1 of Fig. 3 is also only an act Example, can essentially be using the heat pipe of central axis as the layer where D1, i.e. D1=0, using current D1 as the layer where D2.

Fig. 3 shows only half, the other half is symmetrical therewith, is just not described in detail.

Preferably, temperature sensor is set in the drum 3, the temperature for measuring water in drum 3.

Preferably, water level sensor is arranged in the drum 3, for measuring the water level in drum.

Preferably, pressure sensor is arranged in 3 top of the drum, for measuring pressure in drum 3.

Preferably, flow sensor is arranged on the steam (vapor) outlet 5, it to be used for the steam stream of cooling water of units of measurement time output Amount.

Preferably, temperature sensor is set on the steam (vapor) outlet 5, the vapor (steam) temperature for measuring outlet.

Preferably, the temperature sensor, water level sensor, 7 data of pressure sensor, flow sensor and controller Connection.

Preferably, electric heater is arranged in the drum, supplementary heating is used in the case of avoiding solar energy insufficient.

(1) outlet steam temperature controls

Temperature sensor 7, the temperature for measuring steam (vapor) outlet is arranged in the steam (vapor) outlet position；The temperature sensing 7 data connection of device, electric heater and controller, the controller add according to the temperature of temperature sensor measurement to automatically control electricity The heating power of thermal, if the temperature of temperature sensor measurement is less than certain temperature, controller controls electrical heating dress Set startup heating；If the temperature of temperature sensor measurement is higher than certain temperature, controller, which controls electric heater unit, to be stopped adding Heat.

Preferably, if the temperature data of temperature sensor measurement is less than the first numerical value, controller improves electricity automatically The heating power of heating device, if the temperature data of temperature sensor measurement is higher than second value, controller reduces automatically The heating power of electric heater unit, the second value are more than the first numerical value.

Preferably, when the temperature of measurement be less than the first temperature when, electric heater unit start heating, and with the first power into Row heating；When the temperature of measurement is less than the second temperature lower than the first temperature, electric heater unit is with the higher than the first power Two power are heated；When the temperature of measurement is less than the third temperature lower than second temperature, electric heater unit is to be higher than second The third power of power is heated；When the temperature of measurement be less than four temperature lower than third temperature when, electric heater unit with The 4th power higher than third power is heated；When the temperature of measurement is less than five temperature lower than the 4th temperature, electricity adds Thermal is heated with the 5th power higher than the 4th power.

Preferably, the first temperature is more than 8-10 degrees Celsius of second temperature, it is Celsius that second temperature is more than third temperature 8-10 Degree, third temperature are more than the 4th 8-10 degrees Celsius of temperature, and the 4th temperature is more than the 5th 8-10 degrees Celsius of temperature.

Preferably, the first temperature is more than 9 degrees Celsius of second temperature, second temperature is more than 9 degrees Celsius of third temperature, third Temperature is more than 9 degrees Celsius of the 4th temperature, and the 4th temperature is more than 9 degrees Celsius of the 5th temperature.

Preferably, the 5th power is 1.1-1.3 times of the 4th power, the 4th power is 1.1-1.3 times of third power, Third power is 1.1-1.3 times of the second power, and the second power is 1.1-1.3 times of the first power.

Preferably, the 5th power is 1.1-1.15 times of the 4th power, the 4th power is the 1.15-1.2 of third power Times, third power is 1.2-1.25 times of the second power, and the second power is 1.25-1.3 times of the first power.

By intelligent controlled electrical heater heating power, to ensure in the insufficient steam temperature exported of solar energy Degree meets needs, can further increase the intelligence of system.

(2) hot water temperature controls

Preferably, temperature sensor is set in the drum 3, the temperature for measuring water in drum 3.The temperature passes 7 data connection of sensor, electric heater and controller, the controller 7 are automatically controlled according to the temperature of temperature sensor measurement The heating power of electric heater unit, if the temperature of temperature sensor measurement is less than certain temperature, controller 7 controls electricity and adds Thermal starts heating；If the temperature of temperature sensor measurement is higher than certain temperature, controller 7 controls electric heater unit and stops Only heat.

The controller 7 automatically controls the heating power of electric heater unit according to the temperature of temperature sensor measurement.

Preferably, if the temperature of temperature sensor measurement is less than certain temperature, controller controls electrical heating dress Set startup heating.If the temperature of temperature sensor measurement is higher than certain temperature, such as higher than dangerous critical-temperature, then for It avoids overheating, controller controls electric heater unit and stops heating.

Preferably, if detection temperature data is less than the first numerical value, controller 7 improves adding for electric heater unit automatically Thermal power, if the temperature data measured is higher than second value, controller 7 reduces the heating power of electric heater unit automatically, The second value is more than the first numerical value.

Preferably, when the temperature of measurement be less than the first temperature when, electric heater unit start heating, and with the first power into Row heating；When the temperature of measurement is less than the second temperature lower than the first temperature, electric heater unit is with the higher than the first power Two power are heated；When the temperature of measurement is less than the third temperature lower than second temperature, electric heater unit is to be higher than second The third power of power is heated；When the temperature of measurement be less than four temperature lower than third temperature when, electric heater unit with The 4th power higher than third power is heated；When the temperature of measurement is less than five temperature lower than the 4th temperature, electricity adds Thermal is heated with the 5th power higher than the 4th power.

Preferably, the first temperature is more than 4-6 degrees Celsius of second temperature, second temperature is more than 4-6 degrees Celsius of third temperature, Third temperature is more than the 4th 4-6 degrees Celsius of temperature, and the 4th temperature is more than the 5th 4-6 degrees Celsius of temperature.

Further preferably, the first temperature is more than 5.5-6 degrees Celsius of second temperature, and second temperature is more than third temperature 5-5.5 Degree Celsius, third temperature is more than the 4th 4.5-5 degrees Celsius of temperature, and the 4th temperature is more than the 5th 4-4.5 degrees Celsius of temperature.

Preferably, the 5th power is 1.1-1.3 times of the 4th power, the 4th power is 1.1-1.3 times of third power, Third power is 1.1-1.3 times of the second power, and the second power is 1.1-1.3 times of the first power.

Preferably, the 5th power is 1.1-1.15 times of the 4th power, the 4th power is the 1.15-1.2 of third power Times, third power is 1.2-1.25 times of the second power, and the second power is 1.25-1.3 times of the first power.

It, can be with especially by the setting of differential heating power and the temperature difference by the preferred of above-mentioned temperature and power The efficiency of heating surface is further increased, the time is saved.It is found through experiments that, the efficiency of heating surface of 10-15% or so can be improved.

Preferably, the temperature sensor is arranged on the bottom wall of drum.

Preferably, the temperature sensor is multiple, the temperature data of the controller foundation is multiple temperature sensing The temperature that device measures, to control the operation of steam generator.

By intelligent controlled electrical heater heating power, to ensure to meet in the insufficient hot water temperature of solar energy It needs, to be further ensured that the vapor (steam) temperature of output is met the requirements, the intelligence of system can be further increased.

(3) water level control

Preferably, water level sensor, 7 data of the water level sensor, water pump and controller are arranged in the drum 3 Connection, the controller 7 is according to the power of the water level automatically controlled water pump in the drum 3 of measurement.Preferably, if under water level Drop, controller are then improved the power of water pump to increase the flow of the water into drum 3 by control, if water level is excessively high, led to The power for crossing reduction water pump either switches off the pump to reduce into water flow in drum 3 or stop supplying water into drum 3.

By above-mentioned setting, on the one hand avoid water level it is too low caused by steam generation rate is too low and electric heater unit Dry combustion method, cause electric heater unit damage and generate safety accident, on the other hand, avoiding and being caused because water level is excessively high Water it is excessive, realize the intelligent control of water level.

Preferably, when the water level of measurement is less than the first water level, controller 7 is controlled water pump and is supplied with the first power Water；When the water level of measurement is less than second water level lower than the first water level, controller 7 controls water pump with the higher than the first power Two power supply water；When the water level of measurement is less than the third water level lower than the second water level, controller 7 controls water pump to be higher than The third power of second power supplies water；When the water level of measurement is less than four water level lower than third water level, controller 7 is controlled Water pump processed is supplied water with the 4th power higher than third power；When the water level of measurement is less than fiveth water level lower than the 4th water level When, controller 7 is controlled water pump and is supplied water with the 5th power higher than the 4th power.

Preferably, the first water level is 1.1-1.3 times of the second water level, the second water level is 1.1-1.3 times of third water level, Third water level is 1.1-1.3 times of the 4th water level, and the 4th water level is 1.1-1.3 times of the 5th water level.

Preferably, the first water level is 1.1-1.15 times of the second water level, the second water level is the 1.15-1.2 of third water level Times, third water level is 1.2-1.25 times of the 4th water level, and the 4th water level is 1.25-1.3 times of the 5th water level.

Preferably, the 5th power is 1.7-1.9 times of the 4th power, the 4th power is 1.6-1.8 times of third power, Third power is 1.5-1.7 times of the second power, and the second power is 1.3-1.5 times of the first power.

By the preferred of above-mentioned water level and pump power, especially by the setting of differential water level and pump power, It can quickly realize the constant of water level, improve steam generation rate, save the time.It is found through experiments that, 12- can be improved 16% or so steam output.

By the power of intelligent control water pump, to ensure to meet the requirements in water level, excessively high or too low, Ke Yijin is avoided One step improves the intelligence of system.

(4) control according to water level to heating power

Preferably, water level sensor, the water level sensor, electric heater and controller 7 are arranged in the drum 3 Data connection, the controller 7 is according to the heating power of the water level automatic controlled electric heater in the drum 3 of measurement.As excellent Choosing reduces the heating of the power or direct closing electric heater of electric heater if controller if water level is too low by control, To avoid, because steam output caused by heating power is excessively high is excessive, causing further decreasing for water level, if water level is excessively high, Then by increasing the heating power of electric heater, steam output is improved, to reduce water level.

By above-mentioned setting, the too low dry combustion method for causing electric heater unit of water level is on the one hand avoided, electrical heating is caused to fill The damage set and generate safety accident, on the other hand, avoid because water level is excessively high and caused by water in drum it is excessive.

Preferably, when the water level of measurement be less than the first water level when, controller 7 control electric heater unit with the first power into Row heating；When the water level of measurement is less than second water level lower than the first water level, controller 7 controls electric heater unit to be less than the Second power of one power is heated；When the water level of measurement is less than the third water level lower than the second water level, controller 7 controls Electric heater unit is heated with the third power less than the second power；When the water level of measurement is less than the lower than third water level the 4th When water level, controller 7 is controlled electric heater unit and is heated with the 4th power less than third power；When the water level of measurement is less than When lower than the 4th water level five water level, controller 7 is controlled electric heater unit and is added with the 5th power less than the 4th power Heat；When the water level of measurement is less than six water level lower than the 5th water level, controller 7 controls electric heater unit and stops heating.

Preferably, the first water level is 1.1-1.3 times of the second water level, the second water level is 1.1-1.3 times of third water level, Third water level is 1.1-1.3 times of the 4th water level, and the 4th water level is 1.1-1.3 times of the 5th water level.

Preferably, the first water level is 1.1-1.15 times of the second water level, the second water level is the 1.15-1.2 of third water level Times, third water level is 1.2-1.25 times of the 4th water level, and the 4th water level is 1.25-1.3 times of the 5th water level.

Preferably, the first power is 1.6-1.7 times of the second power, the second power is 1.5-1.6 times of third power, Third power is 1.4-1.5 times of the 4th power, and the 4th power is 1.3-1.4 times of the 5th power.

By the preferred of the power of above-mentioned water level and electric heater unit, filled especially by differential water level and electrical heating The setting for the power set, can quickly realize water level in scheduled home, and water level is excessively high when, can protect Steam generation rate is demonstrate,proved, the time is saved.

(5) pressure controls

Preferably, pressure sensor is arranged in 3 top of the drum, for measuring pressure in drum 3.The pressure sensing Device, electric heater unit and controller 7 data connection, the pressure that the controller 7 is measured according to pressure sensor automatically control The heating power of electric heater unit.Preferably, if the pressure that pressure sensor measures is less than certain pressure, controller 7 control electric heater units start heating.If the temperature that pressure sensor measures is higher than pressure upper limit, in order to avoid pressure mistake It is big to generate dangerous, controller control electric heater unit stopping heating.

By so set, heating power can be adjusted according to the pressure in drum 3, to ensure to maximize steam In the case of output, ensure the safety of steam generator.

Preferably, if the pressure that pressure sensor measures is less than a certain numerical value, controller 7 controls electric heater unit Improve heating power.If the temperature that pressure sensor measures is higher than certain numerical value, in order to avoid the excessive generation of pressure is dangerous, Controller, which controls electric heater unit, reduces heating power.

Preferably, when the pressure of measurement is higher than first pressure, controller 7 controls the heating power drop of electric heater unit It is heated as low as the first power；When the pressure of measurement is higher than the second pressure higher than first pressure, controller 7 controls electricity and adds The heating power of thermal is reduced to second power lower than the first power to be heated；When the pressure of measurement is higher than than the second pressure When the high third pressure of power, the heating power that controller 7 controls electric heater unit is reduced to the third power lower than the second power It is heated；When the pressure of measurement is higher than four pressure higher than third pressure, controller 7 controls the heating of electric heater unit Power is reduced to fourth power higher than third power to be heated；When the pressure of measurement is higher than fiveth pressure higher than the 4th pressure When power, controller 7 stops the heating of electric heater unit.

Preferably, the 4th power is 0.4-0.6 times of third power, third power is 0.6-0.8 times of the second power, Second power is 0.7-0.9 times of the first power.

Further preferably, preferably, the 4th power is 0.5 times of third power, third power is the 0.7 of the second power Times, the second power is 0.8 times of the first power.

5th pressure is exactly pressure upper limit.

The upper position in drum is arranged in the pressure sensor.

Preferably, the pressure sensor is multiple, the pressure data of the controller foundation is multiple pressure sensings The temperature that device measures, to control the operation of steam generator.

(6) steam flow controls

Preferably, the steam outlet pipe road setting flow sensor, is used for the steam of cooling water of units of measurement time output Flow, 7 data connection of the flow sensor, electric heater and controller.The controller 7 is according to the unit of sensor measurement The steam flow data of time output automatically control the heating power of electric heater unit.Preferably, if the steam measured Flow is less than certain numerical value, then controller 7 controls electric heater unit and heated or increased heating power.If pressure passes The temperature that sensor measures is higher than certain numerical value, and controller controls electric heater unit and reduces heating power or stop heating.

By so set, heating power, guarantee steam can be adjusted according to the quantity of steam that steam generator generates Output quantity it is constant, avoid quantity is excessive from either too small causing quantity of steam insufficient or waste.

Preferably, when the flow of measurement is higher than first flow, controller 7 controls the heating power drop of electric heater unit It is heated as low as the first power；When the flow of measurement is higher than the second flow higher than first flow, controller 7 controls electricity and adds The heating power of thermal is reduced to second power lower than the first power to be heated；When the flow of measurement is higher than than second When measuring high third flow, the heating power that controller 7 controls electric heater unit is reduced to the third power lower than the second power It is heated；When the flow of measurement is higher than four flow higher than third flow, controller 7 controls the heating of electric heater unit Power is reduced to fourth power higher than third power to be heated；When the flow of measurement is higher than fiveth stream higher than the 4th flow When amount, controller 7 stops the heating of electric heater unit.

Preferably, the 4th power is 0.4-0.6 times of third power, third power is 0.6-0.8 times of the second power, Second power is 0.7-0.9 times of the first power.

Further preferably, preferably, the 4th power is 0.5 times of third power, third power is the 0.7 of the second power Times, the second power is 0.8 times of the first power.

Further preferably, the 5th flow is 1.1-1.2 times of the 4th flow, and the 4th flow is the 1.2-1.3 of third flow Times, third flow is 1.3-1.4 times of second flow, and second flow is 1.4-1.5 times of first flow.

By the preferred of the power of above-mentioned flow and electric heater unit, filled especially by differential flow and electrical heating The setting for the power set can quickly realize the constant of flow, save the time.

By so set, electrical heating amount, guarantee steam can be adjusted according to the quantity of steam that steam generator generates Output quantity it is constant, avoid quantity it is excessive it is either too small cause quantity of steam insufficient or waste, while waste heat can be saved The energy.

The present invention can also be realized according to valve intelligent control steam generator.

1. embodiment one

It is improved as one, temperature sensor, the temperature for measuring the steam in drum 3 is set in the drum 3. Inlet valve and steam valve, the temperature sensor, inlet valve is respectively set on the water inlet pipe 4 and steam (vapor) outlet 5 of drum 3 With steam valve and 7 data connection of central controller.Central controller 7 controls water inlet according to the temperature of temperature sensor measurement The opening and closing of valve and steam valve and the size of aperture.

If the temperature of the steam in temperature sensor measurement drum 3 is less than the numerical value of lower limit, central controller 7 controls Inlet valve and steam valve are automatically closed, to ensure that the steam in drum 3 continues heat temperature raising；If the drum 3 measured The temperature of interior steam is more than the numerical value of the upper limit, then central controller 7 controls inlet valve and steam valve automatically opens.Pass through Above-mentioned measure, can and ensure drum 3 export steam temperature keep certain temperature, so as to reach utilizable temperature Degree.

Preferably, the multiple temperature sensors of setting in the drum 3, steam is measured by multiple temperature sensors Temperature.

Preferably, central controller 7 is controlled by the average value of the temperature of the steam of multiple temperature sensor measurements The opening and closing of inlet valve and steam valve.

Preferably, central controller 7 is controlled by the peak of the temperature of the steam of multiple temperature sensor measurements The opening and closing of inlet valve and steam valve.By taking peak, the excessively high generation danger of the temperature of the steam in drum 3 can be avoided Danger.

Preferably, at least one temperature sensor is arranged in drum 3 close to the position of steam (vapor) outlet.

2. embodiment two

It is improved as one, the size that the central controller 7 passes through the aperture of control inlet valve and steam valve Leaving water temperature to ensure in drum reaches steady state value.Adjusted into drum 3 with the flow of drum 3 said is left by adjusting The temperature of the steam of the steam (vapor) outlet of whole drum 3.

Outlet pipe temp sensor is set on the drum steam (vapor) outlet 5, and the outlet temperature sensor is controlled with center 7 data connection of device, central controller 7 control the opening and closing of inlet valve and steam valve according to the temperature of temperature sensor measurement And the size of aperture.

If the temperature of the steam of the outlet of temperature sensor measurement is less than the numerical value of lower limit, central controller 7 is controlled The aperture of steam valve processed increases, and reduces the aperture of water inlet valve, so that being reduced into the water in drum 3 so that from The steam opened in drum 3 increases, so that the discharge reduction in drum 3.Steam in drum 3 is improved by the reduction of water Temperature, to improve the outlet temperature of drum 3.On the contrary, the temperature of the water of the outlet of temperature sensor measurement is higher than the upper limit Numerical value, then 7 control valve 20 of central controller aperture reduce, increase the aperture of water inlet valve, so that into vapour Water in packet 3 increases so that the steam left in drum 3 is reduced, so that the water in drum 3 increases.Pass through water Increase to reduce the temperature of water in drum 3, to reduce the outlet temperature of drum 3.By above-mentioned measure, can and ensure drum The temperature of the steam of 3 outputs is kept in a certain range, so as to reach utilizable temperature.

Preferably, multiple temperature sensors are arranged in the steam (vapor) outlet 5, vapour is measured by multiple temperature sensors The temperature of the water of packet outlet pipe.

Preferably, the average value of the temperature for the water that central controller 7 is measured by multiple temperature sensors 19 controls Steam valve, water inlet valve aperture size.

Preferably, the peak of the temperature for the water that central controller 7 is measured by multiple temperature sensors 19 controls The aperture of steam valve, water inlet valve.By taking peak, it can ensure the safety of drum.

Preferably, at least one temperature sensor is arranged in steam (vapor) outlet 5 close to the position of drum 3.

Preferably, it is 5-10 degrees Celsius, preferably 6-8 degrees Celsius that limit value, which subtracts lower numerical limit,.

3. embodiment three

As being further improved for embodiment two, steam valve, water inlet pipe are controlled by measuring the temperature of water in drum 3 The opening and closing of valve.

If the temperature of the water for the drum 3 that temperature sensor 19 measures is less than the numerical value of lower limit, central controller 7 controls The aperture of steam valve increases, and reduces the aperture of water inlet valve, so that being reduced into the water in drum 3 so that leave Steam in drum 3 increases, so that the discharge reduction in drum 3.The temperature of water in drum 3 is improved by the reduction of water Degree, to improve the outlet temperature of drum 3.On the contrary, the temperature of the water in the drum 3 of temperature sensor measurement is higher than the number of the upper limit Value, then the aperture reduction of the control of central controller 7 steam valve, increases the aperture of water inlet valve, so that into drum 3 Interior water increases so that the steam left in drum 3 is reduced, so that the water in drum 3 increases.Pass through the increase of water The temperature of water in drum 3 is reduced, to reducing the outlet temperature of drum 3.By above-mentioned measure, can and ensure in drum 3 Water temperature keep in a certain range, to ensure that steam can reach utilizable temperature.

Preferably, the multiple temperature sensors of setting in the drum 3, water is measured by multiple temperature sensors Temperature.

Preferably, central controller 7 is steamed by the average value of the temperature of the water of multiple temperature sensor measurements to control The aperture of steam valve door, water inlet valve.

Preferably, central controller 7 is steamed by the minimum of the temperature of the water of multiple temperature sensor measurements to control The aperture of steam valve door, water inlet valve.By taking minimum, it can ensure the temperature of the water of all positions in drum 3 all Utilizable temperature can be reached.

Preferably, it is 8-13 degrees Celsius, preferably 9-11 degrees Celsius that limit value, which subtracts lower numerical limit,.

Preferably, the temperature sensor is arranged in the bottom of drum.

4. example IV

It is improved as one, water-level gauge, 7 data connection of the water-level gauge and central controller is set in the drum 3. The height of central controller level monitoring is to control the size of the aperture of steam valve, water inlet valve.

By the height of level monitoring, avoid the water level in drum too low, to cause 3 release end of heat of heat pipe that can not radiate, It causes heat pipe to damage, while avoiding the water level in drum 3 excessively high, to cause pressure in drum excessive, especially boiled in heating In the case of rising.

If the water level for the drum 3 that water-level gauge measures is higher than the numerical value of the upper limit, central controller 7 controls steam valve Aperture increases, and reduces the aperture of water inlet valve, so that being reduced into the water in drum 3 so that leave the steaming in drum 3 Vapour increases, so that the discharge reduction in drum 3.The water level of water in drum 3 is reduced by the reduction of water.On the contrary, water The water level in drum 3 that position meter measures is less than the numerical value of lower limit, then the aperture of the control steam valve of central controller 7 is reduced, and is increased The aperture of aqueduct valve is added, so that increasing into the water in drum 3 so that the steam left in drum 3 is reduced, to So that the water in drum 3 increases.

Preferably, the limit value of water level is the height where the 40%-45% of drum volume, preferably 43%.

Preferably, the lower numerical limit of water level, which is 1 release end of heat 10 of thermal-collecting tube, stretches into the height in drum.To ensure drum In water cover release end of heat comprehensively.

5. embodiment five

Embodiment five is the improvement combined to embodiment one, example IV.

If the temperature of the water in temperature sensor measurement drum 3 is less than the numerical value of lower limit, at this time 7 basis of central controller Water level that the water-level gauge of monitoring measures automatically controls the opening and closing of steam valve, water inlet valve, and concrete measure is as follows：

The water level that the water-level gauge that central controller 7 monitors measures is higher than lower limiting value and is less than upper limit value, then center control Device 7 is controlled to be automatically closed into steam valve, water inlet valve, to ensure that the water in drum 3 continues heat temperature raising；

The water level that the water-level gauge that central controller 7 monitors measures is less than lower limiting value, then central controller 7 controls steam valve It is automatically closed, water inlet valve continues to open, to ensure that water continues to flow into drum 3, when the water level that central controller 7 monitors The water level that meter measures is at or above lower limiting value, then central controller 7 controls water inlet valve and is automatically closed；

The water level that the water-level gauge that central controller 7 monitors measures is higher than upper limit value, then central controller 7 controls steam valve Continue to open, water inlet valve is automatically closed, to ensure that water continues to flow out drum 3, when the water-level gauge that central controller 7 monitors The water level of measurement is equal to or less than upper limit value, then central controller 7 controls steam valve and is automatically closed.

As soon as remaining feature is identical as embodiment, embodiment five, no longer describe one by one.

6. embodiment six

Embodiment six is the improvement combined to embodiment two, example IV.

If the temperature of the water of the outlet of temperature sensor measurement is less than the numerical value of lower limit, central controller 7 is according to prison Water level that the water-level gauge of control measures automatically controls the aperture of steam valve, water inlet valve, and concrete measure is as follows：

The water level that the water-level gauge that central controller 7 monitors measures is less than upper limit value, then central controller 7 controls steam valve Aperture increase, reduce the aperture of water inlet valve so that into drum 3 water reduce so that leave in drum 3 Water increases, so that the discharge reduction in drum 3, if the water level in drum 3 is reduced to lower limiting value or close to lower limiting value, Then central controller controls steam valve, water inlet valve are closed；

The water level that the water-level gauge that central controller 7 monitors measures is less than lower limiting value, then central controller 7 controls steam valve It closes, is simultaneously emitted by alarm；Show to cannot achieve the water temperature of needs at this time at present, reason may be intensity of illumination not enough or its His reason, to remind operator to pay attention to.

If the temperature of the water of the outlet of temperature sensor measurement is higher than the numerical value of the upper limit, central controller 7 is according to prison Water level that the water-level gauge of control measures automatically controls the aperture of steam valve, water inlet valve, and concrete measure is as follows：

The water level that the water-level gauge that central controller 7 monitors measures is less than upper limit value, then central controller 7 controls steam valve Aperture reduce, increase the aperture of water inlet valve so that into drum 3 water increase so that leave in drum 3 Water is reduced, so that the water in drum 3 increases；If the water level in drum 3 increases to upper limit value or close to upper limit value, Then central controller controls steam valve, water inlet valve are closed；

The water level that the water-level gauge that central controller 7 monitors measures is higher than upper limit value, then the control of central controller 7 water inlet pipe valve Door is closed, and alarm is simultaneously emitted by；Show to cannot achieve the water temperature of needs at this time at present, reason may be setting water temperature it is too low or Other reasons, to remind operator to pay attention to.

As soon as remaining feature is identical as embodiment, embodiment five, no longer describe one by one.

Although the present invention has been disclosed in the preferred embodiments as above, present invention is not limited to this.Any art technology Personnel can make various changes or modifications, therefore protection scope of the present invention is answered without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention When being subject to claim limited range.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of solar steam generator, including speculum and drum, the drum is located at the focal position of speculum, described Solar energy reflection is used to heat the water in drum by speculum to drum, which is characterized in that inside steam drum is arranged from drum bottom Start the heat pipe upwardly extended, the heat pipe is more, and the bottom of the lower end of the heat pipe is connected on the inner wall of drum.

2. steam generator as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the bottom of the lower end of the heat pipe is the interior of drum Wall.

3. steam generator as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that connection is arranged between at least two adjacent heat pipes Pipe.

4. steam generator as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the center of drum is located at the focal position of speculum.

5. steam generator as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the drum and heat pipe are to be integrated.

6. steam generator as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that bottom centre point annular of the heat pipe around drum Multi-layers distributing.

7. steam generator as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that Multi-layer thermal is arranged along bottom centre's point of drum Pipe, the axis of every layer of heat pipe is identical at a distance from central point, to be formed using the bottom centre of drum point as the circular arc knot in the center of circle Structure.

8. steam generator as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that in horizontal plane projection, the outer diameter of heat pipe is d, together The distance between one layer adjacent heat pipe center of circle is L, and the center of circle of heat pipe and two closed on the heat pipe center of circle of adjacent row are constituted The apex angle of isosceles triangle is N, and diameter of a circle D2 where same layer, the diameter of a circle D1 of adjacent inner layer then meet claimed below：

Sin (N)=a-b*S²- c*S, S=d/ (D2-D1), a, b, c are parameters, meet following require：

0.846<a<0.848,0.529<b<0.530,0.846<b<0.848；

0.3<d/L<0.5。

9. steam generator as claimed in claim 8, which is characterized in that with tapering into for d/L, a is increasing, and b is got over Next smaller, c is increasing.