CN108559467A - 一种选择性化堵顶替液及其应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种选择性化堵顶替液。主要解决了使用现有顶替药剂体系容易造成水锁现象影响产能的问题。其特征在于：其组分及配比按质量百分比如下：聚丙烯酰胺0.2‑1%，除氧剂0.8‑2%，酸碱剂0.2‑0.8%，氯化铵0.8‑2%，余量为水。该选择性化堵顶替液药剂适用于低渗透油田套损井不动管柱选择性堵水。该选择性化堵顶替液，具有泵注性好、选择性强、污染性低等特点，利于低孔低渗储层注入，防止水锁现象，提高出油效率，适合低渗透油田化学堵水需求。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及石油采油工程技术领域中一种化学药剂，尤其是一种选择性化堵顶替液及其在低渗透油田套损井不动管柱选择性堵水中的应用。
背景技术
目前，国内各油田广泛应用的选择性堵水技术虽已日趋成熟，常用的顶替药剂体系为水，进行化学堵水技术试验采用常用主流化堵药剂体系，有效率仅50％，平均单井日降液1.2t，日增油0.1t，平均单井累计降液215t，累计增油25t，有效期73d，仍存在以下问题：1)顶替液过多进入地层，易造成水锁现象，油井产油恢复慢或无法恢复；2)顶替液少，造成无法有效封堵主体堵剂，造成卡泵现象；3)顶替液过少，会造成堵剂滞留井筒，造成管柱堵死，无法生产。
目前针对低渗油藏的高含水套损井还没有解决该问题适合的顶替液药剂体系。
发明内容
本发明在于克服背景技术中存在的问题，而提供一种选择性化堵顶替液药剂。该选择性化堵顶替液药剂，具有泵注性好、选择性强、污染性低等特点，适合低渗透油田化学堵水需求。本发明还提供了一种选择性化堵顶替液的应用。
本发明解决其问题可通过如下技术方案来达到：该选择性化堵顶替液药剂，其组分及配比按质量浓度百分比如下：聚丙烯酰胺0.2-1％，除氧剂0.8-2％，酸碱剂0.2-0.8％，氯化铵0.8-2％，余量为水。
本发明选择性化堵顶替液药剂中，主要成分采用聚丙烯酰胺，聚丙烯酰胺分子链很长，可与许多交联剂形成氢键，这就使它能在两个被吸附的粒子之间架桥，形成“桥联”。由于聚丙烯酰胺主链上带有比较活泼的酰胺基，易形成氢键，使之具有水溶性。在形成凝胶的交联过程中，聚丙烯酰胺是以部分水解体参与交联反应。在部分水解的聚丙烯酰胺溶液中加入金属离子，金属阳离子就与聚合物的阴离子结合，使原体系凝胶化，因此，本申请中提出在顶替液中加入聚丙烯酰胺，使所得化堵顶替液具有一定的选择性。本申请使用除氧剂，氧对聚合物的粘度和聚合物凝胶体系的稳定性都有很强的影响。在敞开的聚合物溶液中，溶解氧能使聚合物发生氧化降解脱水，黏度降低。特别在高温条件下聚合物溶液中溶有氧气时，氧化反应速率快且反应强烈，聚合物溶液会产生严重的降解。因此，在聚合物交联剂体系中加入除氧剂，可以有效的保护体系，延长凝胶的有效时间。另外，本申请还加入酸碱计及氯化铵，以提高药剂的稳定性，提高胶体的使用时间，延长成胶效果。
本发明还提供一种选择性化堵顶替液的应用方法，选择性化堵顶替液药剂适用于低渗透油田套损井不动管柱选择性堵水。
本发明与上述背景技术相比较可具有如下有益效果：该选择性化堵顶替液药剂体系，具有初始粘度低、稳定性好、原油溶解性强的特点，利于低孔低渗储层注入，防止水锁现象，提高出油效率。
大庆采油十厂应用该顶替液药剂体系累计实施朝阳沟油田套损井低成本不动管柱选择性化堵试验160口井，措施后平均单井日降液2.7t，日增油0.3t，含水下降7.6个百分点，平均单井累计降液1234t，累计增油102t，有效期332天；基本满足低渗透油田套损井低成本不动管柱选择性化堵技术需求，创经济效益11232.6万元，投入产出比1：8.7。
附图说明：
附图1是本发明实施例3制备顶替液粘度随时间变化曲线。
具体实施方式：
下面将结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明：
实施例1:
称取1％聚丙烯酰胺、2％除氧剂硫代硫酸钠、0.8％酸碱剂碳酸氢钠、2％氯化铵及余量的水；将上述各组分混合，即得一种选择性化堵顶替液药剂。
实施例2:
称取0.5％聚丙烯酰胺、1.2％除氧剂硫代硫酸钠、0.4％酸碱剂碳酸氢钠、1％氯化铵及余量的水；将上述各组分混合，即得一种选择性化堵顶替液药剂。
实施例3:
称取0.2％聚丙烯酰胺、1％除氧剂硫代硫酸钠、0.2％酸碱剂碳酸氢钠、1％氯化铵及余量的水；将上述各组分混合，即得一种选择性化堵顶替液药剂。
将制备的选择性化堵顶替液药剂应用于实际油田生产低渗透油田套损井不动管柱中，所得数据如表1所示，表1为历年化堵卡泵井情况统计表，平均单井应用顶替液20m3/口，提高封堵半径0.7m，化堵后卡泵12口井，其中因堵剂卡泵3口，死油、蜡卡9口，未发生堵剂返出封堵管柱情况，表明该顶替液体系满足低渗透油田控水挖潜需求。
表1：
| 年份 | 施工井数(口) | 卡泵井数(口) | 堵剂卡泵井(口) | 死油、蜡卡井数(口) |
| 2013 | 10 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| 2014 | 20 | 5 | 1 | 4 |
| 2015 | 30 | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| 2016 | 50 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2017 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 小计 | 160 | 12 | 3 | 9 |
表2为历年化堵井见油及稳产情况统计表，如2所示，化堵后平均单井见油时间4d，稳产时间21d，有效缩短了因化堵影响产量现象，提高化堵井出油效率。
表2：
| 年份 | 施工井数(口) | 平均单井见油时间(d) | 平均单井产量稳定时间(d) |
| 2013 | 10 | 6 | 26 |
| 2014 | 20 | 5 | 26 |
| 2015 | 30 | 4 | 21 |
| 2016 | 50 | 4 | 22 |
| 2017 | 50 | 3 | 18 |
| 小计 | 160 | 4 | 21 |
测得实施例3制备顶替液粘度随时间变化曲线如图1所示。
上述实施例制备的顶替液与常用的化堵药剂顶替液性能相比，两种顶替液性能对比统计表如表3：
表3
该配方具有初始粘度低、稳定性好、原油溶解性强的特点，利于低孔低渗储层注入，防止水锁现象，提高出油效率。
2013-2017年，大庆采油十厂应用该顶替液药剂体系累计实施朝阳沟油田套损井低成本不动管柱选择性化堵试验160口井，与采用常用主流化堵药剂体系相比，措施后平均单井日降液2.7t，日增油0.3t，含水下降7.6个百分点，平均单井累计降液1234t，累计增油102t，有效期332天；基本满足低渗透油田套损井低成本不动管柱选择性化堵技术需求，创经济效益11232.6万元，投入产出比1：8.7。
以上仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出的是，上述优选实施方式不应视为对本发明的限制，本发明的保护范围应当以权利要求所限定的范围为准。对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (5)
1.一种选择性化堵顶替液，其特征在于：其组分及配比按质量浓度百分比如下：聚丙烯酰胺0.2-1%，除氧剂0.8-2%，酸碱剂0.2-0.8%，氯化铵0.8-2%，余量为水。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种选择性化堵顶替液，其特征在于：其组分及配比按质量百分比如下：聚丙烯酰胺0.2%，除氧剂1%，酸碱剂0.2%，氯化铵1%，余量为水。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种选择性化堵顶替液，其特征在于：所述除氧剂为硫代硫酸钠、碳酰肼、异抗坏血酸或二甲基酮肟中的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种选择性化堵顶替液，其特征在于：所述酸碱剂为冰乙酸、草酸、柠檬酸或碳酸氢钠中的一种或多种。
5.一种根据权利要求1或2所述的选择性化堵顶替液的应用，其特征在于：所述选择性化堵顶替液药剂适用于低渗透油田套损井不动管柱选择性堵水堵水。
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