CN1085538A - The preparation method of fluorinated ethanic compounds - Google Patents
The preparation method of fluorinated ethanic compounds Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1085538A CN1085538A CN93116782A CN93116782A CN1085538A CN 1085538 A CN1085538 A CN 1085538A CN 93116782 A CN93116782 A CN 93116782A CN 93116782 A CN93116782 A CN 93116782A CN 1085538 A CN1085538 A CN 1085538A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- uranium hexafluoride
- compounds
- compound
- ethylenic compound
- ethene
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- SANRKQGLYCLAFE-UHFFFAOYSA-H uranium hexafluoride Chemical compound F[U](F)(F)(F)(F)F SANRKQGLYCLAFE-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CSC(C=2C=C(OCC=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CC=2)=N1 OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- MIZLGWKEZAPEFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trifluoroethene Chemical group FC=C(F)F MIZLGWKEZAPEFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003682 fluorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- ZXUJWPHOPHHZLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trichloro-2-fluoroethane Chemical compound FCC(Cl)(Cl)Cl ZXUJWPHOPHHZLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichloroethylene Chemical compound ClC=C(Cl)Cl XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 5
- -1 HCFC-122a compound CFC-113 compound Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000004334 fluoridation Methods 0.000 description 4
- LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FCC(F)(F)F LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NDKGUMMLYBINOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichloro-1-fluoroethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)CCl NDKGUMMLYBINOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YACLCMMBHTUQON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-1-fluoroethane Chemical compound CC(F)Cl YACLCMMBHTUQON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- KYKAJFCTULSVSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro(fluoro)methane Chemical compound F[C]Cl KYKAJFCTULSVSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004812 organic fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- WXGNWUVNYMJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)F WXGNWUVNYMJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQNSLJQRJAJITR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2-difluoroethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)C(F)(Cl)Cl BQNSLJQRJAJITR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VMPVEPPRYRXYNP-UHFFFAOYSA-I antimony(5+);pentachloride Chemical compound Cl[Sb](Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl VMPVEPPRYRXYNP-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001506 inorganic fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002896 organic halogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012451 post-reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[K+] NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004451 qualitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C17/00—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
- C07C17/013—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by addition of halogens
- C07C17/04—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by addition of halogens to unsaturated halogenated hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G43/00—Compounds of uranium
- C01G43/04—Halides of uranium
- C01G43/06—Fluorides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C17/00—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
- C07C17/013—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by addition of halogens
- C07C17/02—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by addition of halogens to unsaturated hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C19/00—Acyclic saturated compounds containing halogen atoms
- C07C19/08—Acyclic saturated compounds containing halogen atoms containing fluorine
Abstract
The invention provides a kind of method for preparing fluorinated ethanic compounds, this method comprises: ethene or halogenated ethylenic compound and uranium hexafluoride react under hot conditions, and the molar ratio range of therein ethylene or halogenated ethylenic compound and uranium hexafluoride is 1: 1-1.2: 1.
Description
The present invention relates to the preparation method of halogenated organic compounds, the preparation method of fluorinated ethanic compounds especially, fluorinated ethanic compounds can be used for substituting the CFC(chlorofluorocarbon that ozonosphere is had destruction).
Existing several known catalysis process are used to prepare fluorinated ethanic compounds.In suggestion, (draw from about refrigeration with to the global procceedings in the harmless fluorine Lyons of ozonosphere about fluorine Lyons of using the compound harmless to replace to destroy earth's ozone layer to ozonosphere; Leningrad; ozone protection, 1989) proposed to prepare the method for fluorinated ethanic compounds with the catalyzed hydrofluorination effect.This method is to be catalyzer with antimony pentachloride in liquid phase, and preparation process is to be 130-160 ℃ in temperature, and pressure is 6-8kg/cm
2Carry out under the condition of G.Hydrofluorination is to be 150-350 ℃ in temperature range to be undertaken by catalyzer in the gas phase.
The method of existing preparation chlorofluorocarbon generally is to adopt fluorine atom to substitute the chlorine atom.
For example, introduced muriate or the fluorochloride fluorizated method that makes 1-12 carbon with uranium hexafluoride in the United States Patent (USP) (patent No. is 3,235,608(1966)).Fluorination process is to use inorganic fluoride, makes catalyzer as Sodium Fluoride, Potassium monofluoride, Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) etc., in temperature is to carry out on 70-600 ℃ the fluidized-bed.But this method is uneconomical, because the reaction needed fluorochemical is as catalyzer, and needs excessive uranium hexafluoride.
In addition, United States Patent (USP) (patent No. is 3,382,049) has been introduced with uranium hexafluoride and has been made trieline fluorizated method.This fluorination process mainly is in order to obtain uranous tetrafluoride, therefore, not mention the details about organic compound (a kind of byproduct).And clearly, uranium hexafluoride excessive in the reactor can be broken to the HCFC-122a compound CFC-113 compound.
The inventor attempts to solve the above-mentioned problem, and has successfully developed a kind of method for preparing fluorinated ethanic compounds, and this compound is less to ozonosphere harm.This method reduces excessive vinyl compound as initial reactant and amount as the uranium hexafluoride of catalyzer in reaction.
Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of improved method for preparing fluorinated ethanic compounds.
According to the method for preparing fluorinated ethanic compounds provided by the invention, this method comprises with ethene or halogenated ethylenic compound and uranium hexafluoride reaction, reaction is at high temperature carried out, and the mol ratio of ethene or halogenated ethylenic compound and uranium hexafluoride is 1 in the reaction system: 1-1.2: 1.
In the methods of the invention, fluoridize the unsaturated ethylene alkenyl compound with uranium hexafluoride and obtain a kind of fluorinated organic compounds.
Reaction equation following (1):
The halogenated ethylenic compound of using in the inventive method can comprise trieline (C
2HCl
3), vinylidene chloride (C
2H
2Cl
2), vinylchlorid (C
2H
3Cl) and vinylidene fluoride (C
2H
2F
2) or the like.
In fluoridation, in order to obtain a kind of stable organic compound, can be diluted to volumetric concentration to uranium hexafluoride with a kind of inert dilution gas is 20-100%.Inert dilution gas can comprise nitrogen, neon, argon gas etc.The fluorinated organic compound that generates can be used as the in addition recycle again of a kind of thinner.
The selection of the ethene that adds or the molar ratio range of halogenated ethylenic compound and uranium hexafluoride is based on a kind of like this situation: if the uranium hexafluoride amount that adds surpasses the upper limit of specialized range, because the results of interaction of the uranium hexafluoride of product and surplus decomposes final product or degraded; If the amount of the uranium hexafluoride that adds then will cause ethene or halogenated ethylenic compound too to consume less than the lower limit of specialized range, all final products also there is infringement.
Ethene or halogenated ethylenic compound preferably add in the reactor with the form of dispersed, can improve reaction efficiency like this, and fluorination process (in the flare) under spraying is carried out.Therefore, the reaction of ethene or halogenated ethylenic compound and uranium hexafluoride be by every kind of surge in reaction system, their intermingling are carried out with contacting.
Fluoridation is to be 80-400 ℃ in temperature, is preferably 100-350 ℃, and pressure is a little less than normal atmosphere, is preferably-carry out under the 20mm water column condition.
The chain of the fluorinated organic compounds that obtains among the present invention all has fluorine on 1 and 2 positions.
Can use gas-chromatography, infrared spectra and nucleus magnetic resonance (with H and F
19) method carries out qualitative and quantitative analysis to the compound that obtains.
The following examples can illustrate the present invention better, but do not limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
Uranic hexafluoride gas as fluorizating agent with 2.0kg/hr(5.682moles/hr) flow velocity be ejected in the reactor continuously by nozzle.Simultaneously, nitrogen as thinner with 318.1Nl/hr(14.2moles/hr) flow velocity be injected in the reactor.
In reactor, the mol ratio of trieline and uranium hexafluoride remained on 1.08: 1.0 trieline in the reactor by the another one nozzle ejection.Fluorination process carries out in the following manner:
CHCl＝CCl
2+UF
6→CHClF-CCl
2F+UF
4（HCFC-122a）
In fluorination process, temperature is controlled at 200 ℃, and pressure is-the 20mm water column.
Post reaction mixture is isolated the uranous tetrafluoride powder by porous nickel strainer, residual gas condensation in liquid nitrogen refrigerative condenser, and product is a liquid.
In the organic product 1, the content of 2-two fluoro-trichloroethane is 88.7%(weight), 1,1-two fluoro-trichloroethane content are no more than 1%(weight).
Embodiment 2
Except the mol ratio of trieline and uranium hexafluoride remains 1.07: 1.0, other reaction conditions is identical with embodiment 1 with process.
In the organic product 1, the content of 2-two fluoro-trichloroethane is 85%(weight), 1,1-two fluoro-trichloroethane content are no more than 1%(weight).
Embodiment 3
The mol ratio of trieline and uranium hexafluoride remained 1.01: 1.0, and other reaction conditions is identical with embodiment 1 with process.
In the organic product 1, the content of 2-two fluoro-trichloroethane is 81%(weight), 1,1-two fluoro-trichloroethane content are no more than 1%(weight).
Embodiment 4
Similar with embodiment 1, difference is that fluorination process adopts vinylidene chloride as initial reactant, and reaction formula is as follows:
CH
2＝CCl
2+UF
6→CH
2F-CCl
2F+UF
4（HCFC-132c）
The fluoridation condition is: the mol ratio of vinylidene chloride and uranium hexafluoride remained 1.07: 1.0, and temperature is 150 ℃, and pressure is-the 20mm water column.
In the organism 1,2-two fluoro-ethylene dichloride content are 65%(weight), 1,1-two fluoro-ethylene dichloride content are no more than 1%(weight).
Embodiment 5
Similar to Example 1, difference is that fluorination process adopts vinylchlorid as initial reactant, and reaction formula is as follows:
The condition of fluoridation is: the mol ratio of vinylchlorid and uranium hexafluoride remained on 1.06: 1.0, and temperature is 120 ℃, and pressure is-the 20mm water column.
In the organic product, 1, the content of 2-two fluoro-monochloroethane is 63%(weight), 1,1-two fluoro-monochloroethane content are no more than 1%(weight).
Embodiment 6
Similar to Example 1, difference is to use ethene to carry out fluorination process as initial reactant, and reaction formula is as follows:
Reaction conditions is: the mol ratio of ethene and uranium hexafluoride remained 1.08: 1.0, and temperature is 100 ℃, and pressure is-the 20mm water column.
In the organism, 1, the content of 2-C2H4F2 C2H4F2 is 54%(weight), 1,1-C2H4F2 C2H4F2 content is no more than 1%(weight).
Embodiment 7
Similar to Example 1, difference is that it is reactant that fluorination process adopts vinylidene fluoride, and its reaction formula is as follows:
（HFC-134a）
Reaction conditions is that the mol ratio of vinylidene fluoride and uranium hexafluoride remained 1.06: 1.0, and temperature is 350 ℃, and pressure is-the 20mm water column.
1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane content in organic product is 47%(weight), 1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethane content is no more than 1%(weight).
Above embodiment explanation, in the present invention, unsaturated ethylene thiazolinyl organic compound is fluoridized with uranium hexafluoride can generate carbochain at 1 and 2 organic compound that fluorine is arranged, and efficient is surprisingly high, and this situation did not also have in the past.
Another advantage of this reaction is the essentially no waste of whole process, and the isomers polarity of the fluorine organic of generation is less, and therefore, solubleness is than fat, innage.In addition, this process also can obtain uranous tetrafluoride.
The present invention has been described in detail the object lesson that developed simultaneously in the above.Obviously, for the person of ordinary skill of the art, need only spirit and scope, just can make enough variations and modification according to claim.
Claims (5)
1, a kind of preparation method of fluorinated ethanic compounds, this method comprises: ethene or halogenated ethylenic compound at high temperature react with uranium hexafluoride, and the mol ratio of therein ethylene or halogenated ethylenic compound and uranium hexafluoride is 1: 1-1.2: 1.
2, the method for claim 1, wherein with a kind of rare gas element uranium hexafluoride being diluted to volumetric concentration is 20-100%.
3, method as claimed in claim 2, wherein, rare gas element can be selected from be made up of nitrogen, xenon, argon gas one group, and the fluorizated organic compound can circulate in reaction system.
4, the method for claim 1, wherein halogenated ethylenic compound can be selected from be made up of trifluoro-ethylene, vinylidene chloride, vinylchlorid and vinylidene fluoride one group.
5, the method for claim 1, wherein the reaction of ethene or halogenated ethylenic compound and uranium hexafluoride is that every kind of material is ejected in the reactor respectively with the dispersive form, and mixes mutually and contact.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR15300/92 | 1992-08-25 | ||
| KR920015300 | 1992-08-25 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1085538A true CN1085538A (en) | 1994-04-20 |
Family
ID=19338459
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN93116782A Pending CN1085538A (en) | 1992-08-25 | 1993-08-25 | The preparation method of fluorinated ethanic compounds |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH06219976A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR960008639B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1085538A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2104654A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE4328606C2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2072817B1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2695123B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2271989B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1287886B1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX9305161A (en) |
| TW (1) | TW232680B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB0021618D0 (en) | 2000-09-02 | 2000-10-18 | Ici Plc | Production of hydrofluoroalkanes |
| JP7166889B2 (en) * | 2018-11-20 | 2022-11-08 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Method for producing 1,2-difluoroethylene |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3235608A (en) * | 1962-03-19 | 1966-02-15 | Du Pont | Fluorination with uranium hexafluoride |
| US3382049A (en) * | 1965-01-27 | 1968-05-07 | Nuclear Materials & Equipment | Method for producing uranium tetrafluoride |
| US3413099A (en) * | 1966-11-14 | 1968-11-26 | United Nuclear Corp | Production of uranium tetrafluoride |
| GB9105167D0 (en) * | 1991-03-12 | 1991-04-24 | Ici Plc | Chemical process |
-
1993
- 1993-08-10 KR KR93015487A patent/KR960008639B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1993-08-21 TW TW082106756A patent/TW232680B/zh active
- 1993-08-23 CA CA002104654A patent/CA2104654A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-08-23 ES ES09301849A patent/ES2072817B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-08-23 JP JP5207620A patent/JPH06219976A/en active Pending
- 1993-08-24 IT IT93MI001843A patent/IT1287886B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1993-08-24 FR FR9310208A patent/FR2695123B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-08-24 GB GB9317591A patent/GB2271989B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-08-25 DE DE4328606A patent/DE4328606C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-08-25 MX MX9305161A patent/MX9305161A/en unknown
- 1993-08-25 CN CN93116782A patent/CN1085538A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| MX9305161A (en) | 1994-02-28 |
| KR960008639B1 (en) | 1996-06-28 |
| GB2271989B (en) | 1995-10-11 |
| DE4328606C2 (en) | 1996-05-02 |
| FR2695123A1 (en) | 1994-03-04 |
| ES2072817B1 (en) | 1996-02-16 |
| GB2271989A (en) | 1994-05-04 |
| CA2104654A1 (en) | 1994-02-26 |
| DE4328606A1 (en) | 1994-03-03 |
| TW232680B (en) | 1994-10-21 |
| JPH06219976A (en) | 1994-08-09 |
| KR940003903A (en) | 1994-03-14 |
| GB9317591D0 (en) | 1993-10-06 |
| IT1287886B1 (en) | 1998-08-26 |
| FR2695123B1 (en) | 1994-10-28 |
| ITMI931843A1 (en) | 1995-02-24 |
| ITMI931843A0 (en) | 1993-08-24 |
| ES2072817A1 (en) | 1995-07-16 |
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| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C01 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application (patent law 1993) | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |