CN108552176B - Method for improving defensiveness of lavender plant to phytophagous insects - Google Patents

Method for improving defensiveness of lavender plant to phytophagous insects Download PDF

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CN108552176B
CN108552176B CN201810497613.9A CN201810497613A CN108552176B CN 108552176 B CN108552176 B CN 108552176B CN 201810497613 A CN201810497613 A CN 201810497613A CN 108552176 B CN108552176 B CN 108552176B
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lavender
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meja
insects
phytophagous
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CN108552176A (en
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石雷
孙元雪
李慧
白红彤
王甦
李姝�
崔洪霞
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/42—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing within the same carbon skeleton a carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a carbon atom having only two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. keto-carboxylic acids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N27/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing hydrocarbons

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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving the defensiveness of lavender plants to phytophagous insects, which comprises the steps of applying an effective amount of methyl jasmonate to the lavender plants, improving the content of terpenoid compounds in flowers of the lavender plants, defending the phytophagous insects, and attracting natural enemies of the phytophagous insects, wherein the terpenoid compounds are limonene, β -phellandrene and β -ocimene.

Description

Method for improving defensiveness of lavender plant to phytophagous insects
Technical Field
The invention discloses a method for improving the defensiveness of lavender plants to phytophagous insects, and belongs to the field of plant pest prevention and control.
Background
Lavender is a cross-pollinated plant, and pollination is carried out by wind and insects. Releasing volatile components such as terpenes and the like to attract pollinating insects is a characteristic of the evolution of aromatic plants. However, this also attracts some phytophagous insects. The population and the quantity of insects on the lavender in the field are investigated, a large number of aphids are found on the lavender in the bud stage, and because the branches and leaves of the lavender are very tender in the bud stage, a large number of phytophagous insects (aphids) appear, or plant bodies can be injured. Meanwhile, in field investigation, a certain amount of harmonia axyridis is found on the lavender in the bud period and is a predator of natural enemies of aphids.
The method of treating plants by MeJA is adopted to simulate the damage of phytophagous insects to plant bodies, so as to clarify the defense response mechanism of plants to external signals, and is a commonly used research means (Sampedro, 2010; Moreira et al, 2009; Bohlmann, 2008; Zeneli et al, 2006). The reason is that JA is one of the important signaling pathways for insect defense, and can exert defense by regulating the biosynthesis of terpenoids (De Geyter et al, 2012).
Research on defense response mechanisms in plants caused by phytophagous insect invasion or exogenous MeJA treatment has been an important research field (Erb et al, 2012). for example, treatment of tomato plants with MeJA can increase the density of vi-type glandular hairs on leaves, promote the release of terpenoids, and effectively protect against white flies and thrips (escoabar-Bravo et al, 2017, 2016), increase the release amount of terpenoids and derivatives such as α -farnesene and the like from Chinese cabbage and broccoli plants after MeJA treatment, and play a role in inhibiting the oviposition of insects (Ibrahim et al, 2005), increase the density of glandular hairs from tea plants after MeJA treatment, and play a role in protecting against bollworms (Tian et al, 2014), and increase the release amount of limonene from tree cotton plants after MeJA treatment, and reduce the abundance of phytophagous insects (Williams et al, 2017).
CN107690879A discloses a method for economically and effectively improving the insect resistance of cultivated tobacco. The method adopts jasmonic acid with the concentration of 3mmol/L to soak the seeds. The jasmine acid-soaked seeds not only enhance the resistance of the cultivated tobacco to two pests, namely, the prodenia litura and the myzus persicae, which seriously affect the yield of the tobacco, but also do not affect the yield. However, this technique is not applicable to plants propagated by cuttings. Because the propagation mode of the lavender is mainly cutting propagation, the problem of how to improve the resistance of the lavender when the plants begin to expand leaves and bud is not solved, and the plants are not damaged.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method for protecting plants of Lavandula against phytophagous insects.
A method for improving the defensiveness of lavender plants to phytophagous insects is characterized in that methyl jasmonate is applied to the lavender plants in an effective amount, the content of terpenoids in flowers of the lavender plants is improved, the phytophagous insects are protected, and natural enemies of the phytophagous insects are attracted, wherein the terpenoids are limonene, β -phellandrene and β -ocimene.
In one embodiment of the invention, the part of the lavender plant to be applied is the part which is harmful to phytophagous insects, and the part of the lavender plant to be applied is the inflorescence of the lavender plant, and the part of the lavender plant to be applied is the whole plant or the part to be applied is the inflorescence of the plant to be protected from the inflorescence.
In one embodiment of the invention, the lavender plant is in the bud stage when applied to the inflorescence of said lavender plant.
Wherein, the concentration of methyl jasmonate is 2-5mmol/L, preferably 4 mmol/L.
Wherein, the said phytophagous insects include but are not limited to aphid superfamily aphid (Aphidoidea), preferably Aphis graminicola (Sitobion avenae), Aphis graminicola (Rhopalosiphum padi), Schizaphis graminicola (Schizaphisgraminum), etc.
Wherein the said natural predators of phytophagous insects include, but are not limited to, the family of ladybirds (Coccinellidae), preferably the subfamily of ladybug (Coccinellidae), the subfamily of red ladybug (coccidilinae), the subfamily of small ladybug (stichotidae), the subfamily of naivetia (chilorinae), the subfamily of small ladybug (scyminae), the subfamily of incised eye ladybug (Ortalilinae), the subfamily of cryptophyll (Aspidimerinae), more preferably the family of seven-spotted ladybug (Coccinella septempunctifera), the species of heterochromatic ladybug (Harcia axyridis), the species of six-spotted ladybug (Menochella sexmaculata), the species of tortoiseshell (Propylaja aea), the species of Australia (Rodoia carinica), etc.
Wherein the Lavandula plant is Lavandula angustifolia (Lavandula angustifolia), Lavandula angustifolia (Lavandula latifolia), Lavandula angustifolia (Lavandula x intermedia), etc.
The invention also provides a method for increasing the content of terpenoids of lavender plants, which is to apply an effective amount of methyl jasmonate to the lavender plants, wherein the terpenoids are limonene, β -phellandrene and β -ocimene.
In one embodiment of the invention, the part of lavender to be applied is the part in need of increasing terpenoid content, and can be applied to whole plant or part, and the part to be applied is the inflorescence of lavender to increase terpenoid content in flowers.
In one embodiment of the invention, the lavender plant is in the bud stage when applied to the inflorescence of said lavender plant.
Wherein, the concentration of methyl jasmonate is 2-5mmol/L, preferably 4 mmol/L.
The method is characterized in that damage of phytophagous insects to plant bodies is simulated by adopting a MeJA plant treatment method, 4mmol/L methyl jasmonate (MeJA) solution is used for treating Lavandula angustifolia (Lavandula angustifolia) flowers in bud stage, the chemical composition is analyzed by using a gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method by using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) to collect Lavandula angustifolia flower terpenoids, limonene, β -phellandrene and β -ocimene, meanwhile, instruments such as an optical microscope are used to find that the density of Lavandula angustifolia glandular hairs is remarkably increased, the MeJA treated Lavandula flowers release more limonene, β -phellandrene and β -ocimene, the main phytophagous insects such as the Dianthium graminearum (Rhopalophiumba papai padi) in bud stage and the Harmonilia axyridis, and the insect repellent effect of attracting the plants such as the Cyperus angustifolia and the MeJA insect repellent insects can be comprehensively absorbed and the plant bodies can be improved by using the MeJA arabica olentium japonicum solution.
In the invention, the MeJA solution is sprayed, so that the direct defense effect of avoiding the phytophagous insects can be achieved, the natural enemy insects can be attracted to prey on the phytophagous insects, the indirect defense effect is achieved, the artificial technology and the natural food chain are scientifically unified, and the unnecessary loss is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the number of glandular hairs of lavender calyx under an optical microscope.
FIG. 2 shows the changes of the chemical components of terpenoids in lavender flowers.
FIG. 3 shows aphid odor selection.
FIG. 4 shows a ladybug odor selection.
Detailed description of the invention
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
Two-year-old potted plants of the same growth vigor were selected using lavender angustifolia (Lavandula angustifolia) cutting seedlings, and cultured in a greenhouse with natural light at a day/night temperature of 30 ℃/25 ℃ for 12 hours per day. In 7-month middle ten days in 2017, selecting growing-consistent narrow-leaved lavender from a greenhouse for potting, wherein each pot is provided with small flowering branches in bud period and is divided into two groups, and each group comprises three pots of plants. Spraying methyl jasmonate solution on a group (MeJA group), spraying once at about eight points in the morning, uniformly spraying on the surface of the lavender calyx until the liquid medicine is about to drip, wherein the spraying amount of each plant is about 100mL, covering the plants with parchment paper bags, and sealing to prevent the liquid medicine from volatilizing; the other group was spray-treated with the control solution (control group).
Preparation of MeJA group solution: dissolving methyl jasmonate in 0.8% anhydrous ethanol, diluting with distilled water to desired volume, adding 1% Tween-20 (nonionic surfactant as developing agent), and making into MeJA solution with concentration of 4 mmol/L. Preparation of control solution: 0.8% ethanol and 1% tween-20.
24 hours after MeJA spraying, putting a fresh floret sample 2g in a 2mL tube, removing corolla, cutting a calyx into two halves along the gully direction, paving the two halves, observing and metering by using a fluorescence microscope and an optical microscope, ensuring that 2-3 gullies exist under each visual field, randomly selecting 5 visual fields, recording the number of glandular hairs, and calculating the average value. The sampling design of this part is that 5 florets in the bud stage are selected from the MeJA group and the control group of potted plants respectively.
As shown in figure 1, after 24 hours of MeJA spraying, the number of glandular hairs on the lavender calyx in the bud stage is obviously increased in unit area (75.6 in the MeJA group; 57.6 in the control group) which is about 1.5 times of that in the control group.
A fresh floret sample (2 g) is placed on ice in a 2mL tube, terpenoid is immediately extracted by a Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) method, GC-MS analysis is completed by using a gas chromatography-Mass spectrometer, data are collected, and qualitative and quantitative analysis of components is carried out by using Mass Hunter (Agilent) software. The sampling of this part was designed to select 25 florets, 8 as one replicate, from each of the MeJA and control potted plants.
As shown in FIG. 2, β -phellandrene was found to significantly increase the relative percentage content of terpenoids at the bud stage 24 hours after MeJA treatment (group MeJA: 8.9869%, control group: 1.9818%), limonene (group MeJA: 4.8905%, control group: 1.6667%), β -ocimene (group MeJA: 18.5630%, control group: 11.1864%), linalool (group MeJA: 0.5722%, control group: 3.5514%), lavender acetate (group MeJA: 1.6903%, control group: 11.5411%), lavender alcohol (group MeJA: 0.4837%, control group: 2.3235%), linalyl acetate (group: 20.7617%, control group: 28.5245%). furthermore, the relative percentage content of pinene was also increased but not significantly (group MeJA: 8.2408%, control group: 7.2387%).
The results show that more limonene, β -phellandrene, β -ocimene were released from MeJA treated lavender flowers.
The main phytophagous insect, aphid of the cereal aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi), in the bud stage using lavender, was subjected to odor selection experiments with its natural enemy insect, Harmonia axyridis (Harmonia axyridis).
The gloiopeltis aurantiaca (Rhopalosiphum padi) is inoculated on wheat seedlings growing for 3 weeks, a net basket is sleeved on the wheat seedlings, the wheat seedlings are placed in a warm and dry environment for feeding, and wingless adults are taken for experiments. Harmonia axyridis (Harmonia axyridis) is inoculated on young stem leaves of tomatoes, is sleeved with a net basket, is placed in a warm and dry environment for feeding, and adults are taken for experiments.
The concentration ratio of the monoterpene is shown in Table 1 according to the relative percentage content of limonene, β -phellandrene and β -ocimene 24 hours after MeJA spraying.
TABLE 1 monoterpene standard concentrations
Monoterpene standard product Control group MeJA group
β -phellandrene 2％ 10％
Limonene 2％ 5％
β Ocimum basilicum 12％ 18％
The experimental apparatus is a smell selection system: y-shaped tube (one middle tube, two arm tubes with length of 20 cm and diameter of 3 cm, included angle of two arm tubes of 75 degree), QC-1(S) atmospheric sampling instrument, drying tower, water tower, odor source bottle and silicone tube.
The experimental method comprises the following steps: under the conditions of room temperature of 24 +/-1 ℃ and relative humidity of 80 +/-10%, the total flow rate of gas is 300mL/min, 2 mu L of prepared concentration standard solution is used and is spotted on filter paper in an odor source bottle, the outside air enters a middle pipe through an arm pipe of a Y-shaped pipe under the driving force of an atmosphere sampling instrument after being adsorbed and purified by activated carbon in a drying tower, and finally the outside air is discharged out of a room through a silica gel pipe.
Before the determination, carrying out starvation treatment on the insects for 3-4 hours, wherein during the determination, the insects are released from an insect discharge port of a base pipe, and after the insects are activated, recording the time, and recording as a selection within 10 minutes when the insects pass 1/3 on one arm or stay for more than 1 minute; over 10 minutes, when the insect did not make any arm selection, it was recorded as no selection. Each odor source test insect 30 heads, single head test, odor source updating every 10 heads, and odor source position exchanging every 5 heads to reduce position error. After one odor source was measured, the Y-olfactometer was rinsed with absolute ethanol and rinsed clean with distilled water until no odor was present and dried in an oven ready for the next set of measurements.
As shown in fig. 3, in the aphid odor selection experiment, compared with odor sources on one side of β -phellandrene, limonene and β -ocimene standard substances, aphid is more apt to select odor sources on one side of white oil serving as a control, β 0-phellandrene, limonene and β -ocimene can all approach aphid, and β -phellandrene 10% (MeJA group), limonene 2% (control group), limonene 5% (MeJA group) and β -ocimene 18% (MeJA group) have significant approach effects, after MeJA is sprayed, the average approach effect is enhanced by about 15.3%, and the average percentage content of components is increased by 1%, the average approach effect is enhanced by 3.1%, wherein β -phellandrene (3.7%), limonene (0.68%) and β -ocimene (4.9%), which shows that JA signals enable β -phellandrene, limonene and β -ocimene components to be increased, and the maximum approach effect on aphid-ocimene is increased by β -ocimene.
As shown in figure 4, in the ladybug odor selection experiment, odor sources on one side of β -phellandrene, limonene and β -ocimene standard substances have attraction effects on ladybugs, but the effects are different, limonene 5% (MeJA group), β -phellandrene 10% (MeJA group), β -ocimene 18% (MeJA group) and have remarkable attraction effects, limonene 2% (control group), β -phellandrene 2% (control group) and β -ocimene 12% (control group) have almost no selective effect or weak attraction effect on the ladybugs, but the effect is not remarkable, after the ladybug is sprayed, the average attraction effect is enhanced by 55.1%, and the average percentage content of the components is increased by 1%, the average attraction effect is enhanced by 13.8%, wherein β -phellandrene (31.0%), limonene (5.36%) and β -ocimene (4.9%), which shows that JA signals enable the content of the ingredients of phellandrene, limonene and 8623-ocimenene to be increased, and the attraction effect is increased by 4.493 4%.
Therefore, by spraying the MeJA solution, the percentage content of β -phellandrene, limonene and β -ocimene released from lavender flowers is increased, the effect of repelling aphids is enhanced, the effect of attracting ladybug is also enhanced, the comprehensive defense performance of lavender plants is improved, and the lavender plants are more beneficial to protecting the lavender plants.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A method for improving the defensiveness of lavender plants to phytophagous insects is characterized in that methyl jasmonate is applied to the lavender plants in an effective amount, the content of terpenoids in flowers of the lavender plants is improved, the phytophagous insects are protected, natural enemies of the phytophagous insects are attracted, the terpenoids are limonene, β -phellandrene and β -ocimene, the parts of the lavender plants to which the lavender plants are applied are inflorescences of the lavender plants, and the lavender plants are in bud stages.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the methyl jasmonate concentration is 2 to 5 mmol/L.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein said phytophagous insect is the Homoptera aphid superfamily (Aphidoidea).
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the natural predator of phytophagous insects is the family ladybug (Coccinellidae).
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the plant is a lavender plant (lavandala).
6. A method for increasing the content of terpenoids of lavender plants comprises applying an effective amount of methyl jasmonate to the lavender plants, wherein the terpenoids are limonene, β -phellandrene and β -ocimene, and the part of the lavender plants applied is the inflorescence of the lavender plants at the bud stage.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the methyl jasmonate concentration is 2 to 5 mmol/L.
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