A kind of electric power management circuit and power management plate for small and medium size unmanned aerial vehicles development board
Technical field
The present invention relates to unmanned plane field of power supplies more particularly to a kind of power managements for small and medium size unmanned aerial vehicles development board
Circuit and power management plate.
Background technology
As epoch technology is towards intelligence, many fields are all developed to unattended and highly integrated direction, nobody
Machine field is same, many development boards is added in order to complete various independent researches needs, presently, none can solve electricity
The problem of source control and dispensing, the integrated power supply management board of none unified management of unmanned plane domain variability under current background so that nothing
Man-machine exploitation powerup issue becomes difficult point, and circuit is difficult to that unification, supply voltage is unstable, circuit cabling is to the big problem of system interference
It is especially prominent.This brings many troubles to research, is usually all to find to weld with pad with the battery for flying control or mainboard adapted relative
The mode connect is handled, not only without voltage stabilizing guarantee but also increase battery supplied burden.
On the other hand, the battery supply of relative loose can increase rack power supplies cabling so that outside the unmanned plane finished product of research and development
Shape design is more difficult, because most of components for unmanned plane are all high current 3A-5A, solder joint is opposite with cabling needs pressure resistance
Height, pad, which is especially grounded, needs very large area, each to two components to be required for a pad, keeps hardware combinations difficult.
Unmanned plane is airflight instrument, and significant portion settling position needs to lean on GPS or Big Dipper satellite signal, is simultaneously
The electromagnetic wave that high-current supply cabling generates affects the reception and processing of GPS signal or big-dipper satellite positioning signal invariably,
Meanwhile automatic obstacle avoiding flies and transmits image and needs the camera of high precision without being influenced by current fluctuation, is overheated in flight course,
Over-pressed, a large amount of magnetic signals influence the signal transmission of each element of influence that all may be different degrees of, this makes stable power supply electricity
Buckling obtains particularly important.Because of actual purpose, its development board quantity also increases autonomous flight unmanned plane, and the balance of unmanned plane needs
Stress to consider to include that cabling is encapsulated in interior various factors to improve flight stability with appearance, integrated power supply management board can take
Most of battery disappear to the connection of each development board, simplifies circuit, reduces battery output burden.
Battery input through processing again without being divided into multichannel, on the one hand, if output generates the feelings such as fluctuation or short circuit all the way
When condition, keep the possibility of the impaired even damage of battery itself very big, on the other hand, when no processed shunting makes short-circuit all the way its
He, which exports, becomes can not work normally, this makes to be extremely hazardous and uncontrollable for the unmanned plane of high-altitude long distance work
's.For the unmanned plane of automatic obstacle avoiding flight, in buried cable tunneling operation with known to humidity, electromagnetic effect, high temperature etc.
Environment is influenced without controllable situation, and unmanned plane powerup issue importance and stability are self-evident.Furthermore, it is necessary to reach flight
Purpose and can repeatedly stablize using be also it is critically important, be precisely accomplished Detection task while requiring battery performance, power supply
Chip and the resistance to environmental characteristics of component used in management circuit are fully able to reach requirement, and do not set completely in the market now
The circuit of meter on unmanned plane for improving the demand.
In addition, the circuits such as most of voltage managements or transformation can all design a very small display element intuitively to show
Situations such as showing variation in voltage or surplus, although this design can bring great convenience to user of service, if it is
For UAV system, this design just seems less necessary, because unmanned plane is either below high-altitude or tunnel
All it is that user of service is difficult to the place reached at the first time.On the other hand, as winged control test side, there are remote controler or ground more
Stand and detect cell voltage service condition, under-voltage protection action is also equipped with flying control --- it hovers or makes a return voyage.
Invention content
For the deficiency of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of power management electricity for small and medium size unmanned aerial vehicles development board
Road comprising toggle switch, filter circuit, voltage changing module, regulator circuit and resistor voltage divider circuit, the toggle switch are set to
Between power input and filter circuit, the output end of the anode connection toggle switch of the filter circuit, negativing ending grounding, institute
Regulator circuit is stated to be set between the voltage changing module and the resistor voltage divider circuit,
The voltage changing module is supply convertor chip, has one to the 5th pin, wherein the first pin is grounded, the
Four pins connect the first capacitance, the 5th pin connect Input voltage terminal, third pin to provide the switching node of power supply to output,
The third pin connects the regulator circuit and provides power output, and second pin connects the resistor voltage divider circuit to examine
It surveys output voltage and is adjusted.
According to a preferred embodiment, the filter circuit includes the second capacitance and the first electrolytic capacitor, and described second
Capacitance and the first electrolytic capacitor are connected in parallel between the output end of toggle switch and circuit ground end.
According to a preferred embodiment, the regulator circuit includes fly-wheel diode, inductance, third capacitance and the second electricity
Solve capacitance, wherein the positive ending grounding of the fly-wheel diode, negative terminal connect the third pin of the supply convertor chip with
And one end of the inductance, the third capacitance and the second electrolytic capacitor be connected in parallel on the inductance the other end and ground terminal it
Between.
According to a preferred embodiment, the resistor voltage divider circuit includes first resistor and second resistance, and described first
One end of resistance connects circuit output end, and the other end of first resistor connects second pin and the institute of the supply convertor chip
State one end of second resistance, the other end ground connection of the second resistance.
According to a preferred embodiment, the supply convertor chip interior be integrated with overcurrent protection, overheat protector and
Short circuit protection module;
The supply convertor chip is integrated chip XL4015E1, fixed switching frequency 180KHz, output electricity
Pressure supports 1.25V~32V to adjust.
According to a preferred embodiment, in continuous mode, in continuous mode, the maximum RMS of input capacitor is (
Root value) electric current is:
Wherein, maximum average output current IMAX is equal to peak point current and 1/2 peak-ripple difference between currents, aforementioned input electricity
Container refers to the first capacitance.
According to a preferred embodiment, output voltage ripple is determined by following formula:
△ IL in formula indicate that the ripple current in inductor, ESR are equivalent series resistance, and F indicates switching frequency, COUT
Indicate output capacitance.
According to a preferred embodiment, the inductance value is:
△ IL in formula indicate that the ripple current in inductor, F indicate that switching frequency, COUT indicate output capacitance.
According to a preferred embodiment, the fly-wheel diode is Schottky diode, when work average positive electricity
Stream is:
The present invention also provides a kind of power management plates for small and medium size unmanned aerial vehicles exploitation, and by-passing type is used to design,
And the power management plate has previously described electric power management circuit.
The invention has the advantages that:
Battery design is that via management circuit, to export again be multichannel for an input by the present invention, is changed battery and is directly shunted
For multichannel, each output is all independent and does not influence battery, improves system decoupling.The peripheral circuit integrated level of design is high, outside
Peripheral device is few so that debugging and use are more convenient.It is different according to the camera types that unmanned plane usage scenario is different and needs,
It is exported provided with adjustable voltage all the way, reaches wide range input, adjustable voltage exports purpose;It can solve because not simultaneously
Smooth or not independent supply line sets and influences the problem of camera image transmission makes Aerial vehicle position be affected with flight.
Concentration solves the problems, such as each development board power distribution of unmanned plane, voltage stabilizing output.Concentration solves most of autonomous flight unmanned planes
Safety protection problem makes output voltage more stablize.The degree of modularity is improved from system, use is more convenient.At nobody
Relatively integrated power management module makes replaceability in terms of power supply, easily detection property obtain the promotion of matter after the completion of machine design.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the circuit diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the course of work schematic diagram of the present invention.
Reference numerals list
SW1:Toggle switch Cin1:First electrolytic capacitor C11:First capacitance
C12:Second capacitance GND:First pin FB:Second pin SW:Third pin
VC:4th pin VIN:5th pin D31:Fly-wheel diode L1:Inductance
C14:Third capacitance Cout1:Second electrolytic capacitor
R11:First resistor R12:Second resistance
Specific implementation mode
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, With reference to embodiment and join
According to attached drawing, the present invention is described in more detail.It should be understood that these descriptions are merely illustrative, and it is not intended to limit this hair
Bright range.In addition, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and technologies are omitted, to avoid this is unnecessarily obscured
The concept of invention.
As shown in Figure 1, the electric power management circuit for small and medium size unmanned aerial vehicles development board of the present invention comprising toggle switch
SW1, filter circuit, voltage changing module, regulator circuit and resistor voltage divider circuit, toggle switch SW1 are set to power input and filter
Between wave circuit, the anode of filter circuit connects the output end of toggle switch SW1, negativing ending grounding, and regulator circuit is set to change
Between die block and resistor voltage divider circuit.
Voltage changing module is supply convertor chip, has one to the 5th pin, wherein the first pin GND ground connection, the 4th
Pin VC the first capacitances of connection C11, the 5th pin VIN connection Input voltage terminals, third pin SW is provides power supply to output
Switching node, third pin SW connection regulator circuits simultaneously provide power output, second pin FB connection resistor voltage divider circuits to
Detection output voltage is simultaneously adjusted.
Filter circuit includes the second capacitance C12 and the first electrolytic capacitor Cin1, the second capacitance C12 and the first electrolytic capacitor
Cin1 is connected in parallel between the output end of toggle switch SW1 and circuit ground end.
Regulator circuit includes sustained diode 31, inductance L1, third capacitance C14 and the second electrolytic capacitor Cout1, wherein
The positive ending grounding of sustained diode 31, negative terminal connect one end of the third pin SW and inductance L1 of supply convertor chip,
Third capacitance C14 and the second electrolytic capacitor Cout1 are connected in parallel between the other end and ground terminal of inductance L1.It is defeated to manage circuit input
Going out all to increase filter capacitor keeps the direct current ource electric current of input, output more smooth, and high-current switch control is added in typical circuit
Battery input processed extends its service life to keep capacitance in parallel in management circuit to have down time.
Resistor voltage divider circuit includes first resistor R11 and second resistance R12, and one end connection circuit of first resistor R11 is defeated
Outlet, one end of the second pin FB and second resistance R12 of the other end connection supply convertor chip of first resistor R11, the
The other end of two resistance R12 is grounded.
Electric power management circuit can be roughly divided into input processing, voltage transformation, output processing three parts composition.Wherein, voltage
Transformation is most important part, it includes wide-range voltage processing, voltage is unitization, the control of output end electric resistance partial pressure is defeated
Go out.
Specifically, circuit is mainly made of integrated chip XL4015E1 and associated external circuit, and wherein XL4015E1 is
One switching buck DC-DC conversion chip;Fixed switching frequency 180KHz can reduce external component size.Chip has
Outstanding line regulation and load regulation is inputted for DC8V~36V, and output voltage is supported arbitrarily to adjust between 1.25V~32V
Section, the decompression constant pressure application of output maximum current 5A, highest transfer efficiency can reach 93%.Chip interior integrates overcurrent and protects
The reliability modules such as shield, overheat protector, short-circuit protection.There are five pins by the XL4015E1 encapsulated using TO263-5L, 1.: GND
The Schottky diode that the pin should be placed prevents switching current peak voltage noise-induced in output capacitance grounding path
xl4015;②:FB simultaneously adjusts it by a non-essential resistance potential-divider network, FB detection output voltages, threshold voltage 1.25V
Feedback;③:SW is the switching node that power supply is provided to output;④:VC internal voltage regulator shunt locations.In typical system
Using VC pins connect the ability VIN of a 1uF;⑤:VIN supply voltage input pins.XL4015E1 is in 8V to 36V direct currents
Voltage.VIN to GND and a bulky capacitor appropriate are bypassed, to eliminate the input of noise.
In continuous mode, the input current of converter is the square wave that one group of duty ratio is about VOUT/VIN.In order to prevent
Big transient voltage, it is necessary to select low ESR (equivalent series resistance) input capacitor using being required for maximum RMS current.
For mostly applying, the input capacitor of 1 10uF is sufficient, its placement location is as close to the position of XL4015
It sets.Maximum RMS (root-mean-square value) electric current of input capacitor is given by:
Wherein, maximum average output current IMAX is equal to peak point current and 1/2 peak-ripple difference between currents, i.e. IMAX=
ILIM- △ IL/2, wherein ILIM are peak point current, and △ IL are peak-ripple electric current.When ceramic capacitor is not used, preferably
Ground increases the ceramic capacitor of a 0.1uF to 1uF to carry out high frequency decoupling in input capacitance.
Low ESR capacitances should be selected to reduce output ripple voltage in output end, in general, once capacitance ESR is expired
Foot, capacitance are just sufficient for demand.The ESR of any capacitor will be that system generates a zero, ESR values together with its own capacity
Bigger, the frequency band that zero is located at is lower, and the zero of ceramic condenser is in a higher frequency, is a kind of excellent choosing
It selects, but compared with electrolytic capacitor, large capacity, high voltage ceramic condenser meeting volume are larger, and cost is higher, therefore extremely using 0.1uF
It is good selection that the ceramic condenser of 1uF is used in combination with low ESR electrolytic capacitors.Output voltage ripple is determined by following formula:
F in formula indicates that switching frequency, COUT indicate that output capacitance, △ IL indicate the ripple current in inductor.
Although inductor has no effect on working frequency, inductance value has direct influence, inductance line to ripple current
Wave electric current △ IL reduce with the increase of inductance value, and increase with the raising of VIN and VOUT.For setting ripple current
A logical starting point be △ IL=0.3*ILIM, wherein ILIM be peak switch current limit value.In order to ensure ripple current
In a defined maximum value hereinafter, should inductance value be selected as the following formula:
Schottky diode, such as B540C is preferably used in sustained diode 31.Its rated value is average positive electricity
Flow 5A and backward voltage 40V.Typical forward voltage is 0.55V under 4A electric currents.The diode only has electric current during switch OFF
It flows through.Peak inverse voltage is equal to the input voltage of voltage-stablizer.In normal work, mean forward current can calculate as follows:
The present invention is directed to unknown working environment, and automatic obstacle avoiding flies the environmental factor of unmanned electromechanical source, using XL4015E1
Chip, chip interior integrate the reliability modules such as overcurrent protection, overheat protector, short-circuit protection.The peripheral circuit integrated level of design
Height, peripheral components are few so that debugging and use are more convenient.Relative to other voltage changing modules such as LM2596, MP1584en,
Using XL4015 there is the electric current of bigger to export, then the electrical power of the module is both greater than other electric current transformations under same voltage
Module.Different according to the camera types that unmanned plane usage scenario is different and needs, adjustable voltage exports all the way for setting, reaches
Wide range input, adjustable voltage export purpose;It can solve to set due to shadow because of unsmooth or not independent supply line simultaneously
Ring the problem of camera image transmission makes Aerial vehicle position be affected with flight.
As shown in Fig. 2, the present invention the course of work approximately as:It is divided into 5 major parts on the whole to be handled, point
It is not that input is pre-processed, is filtered, based on XL4015DC-DC transformations, output voltage stabilizing and development board output processing.
Input is that 8V-36V potential circuits are filtered first, and coupled capacitor, the most important part of circuit is added
XL4015 is fixed-frequency PWM decompression (decompression) DC-DC converter of 180kHz, can high efficiency drive 5A loads, have
There are low ripple and outstanding circuit and load regulation.Minimal number of outer member is needed, adjuster uses simply, including inside
Frequency compensation and fixed oscillator.
Pwm control circuit can adjust duty ratio linearly from 0 to 100%.One in built-in current protecting function.As short guarantor
When protective function occurs, operating frequency will be from 180khz to 48kHz.Internal compensation block is built-in, to reduce outer member to the greatest extent
Quantity.
By feedback pin FB again by non-essential resistance divider network, FB sensing output voltages simultaneously adjust it for output.It is defeated
The value for going out voltage is:
VOUT=1.25* (1+R2/R1)
The invention also discloses a kind of power management plates for small and medium size unmanned aerial vehicles exploitation, and by-passing type is used to design,
And the power management plate has previously described electric power management circuit.It is one by battery design to input via management circuit again
Output is multichannel, changes battery and directly splits into multichannel, and each output is all independent and does not influence battery, improves system decoupling
Property.The design not shown using usual band, can not only reduce energy loss but also be greatly reduced integrated circuit board
Area, is more suitable for the application characteristic of unmanned plane, also makes unmanned plane appearance design and packaging more convenient.It is solved in addition, concentrating
Unmanned plane each development board power distribution, voltage stabilizing export problem.Concentration solves most of autonomous flight unmanned plane safeguard protections
Problem makes output voltage more stablize.The hoisting module degree from system, to using and solve the problems, such as to bring convenience.
Power management module relatively integrated makes replaceability in terms of power supply, easily detection property obtain carrying for matter after the completion of unmanned aerial vehicle design
It rises.
The above description is merely a specific embodiment, but simultaneously difference is limited to this to protection scope of the present invention, any
Those familiar with the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, can easily think of the change or the replacement, and should all contain
Lid is within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope in claims.