CN108550647B - Solar cell module and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Solar cell module and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108550647B CN108550647B CN201810498603.7A CN201810498603A CN108550647B CN 108550647 B CN108550647 B CN 108550647B CN 201810498603 A CN201810498603 A CN 201810498603A CN 108550647 B CN108550647 B CN 108550647B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/05—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
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- H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of solar cells, and particularly relates to a solar cell module and a manufacturing method thereof. The solar cell module comprises a plurality of sub-cells connected in series, wherein each sub-cell sequentially comprises a bottom electrode, an electron transport layer, a photoactive layer, a hole transport layer and a top electrode from bottom to top, and the polarities of any two adjacent sub-cells on a series circuit of the solar cell module are opposite; the bottom electrodes of any two adjacent subcells are directly connected, or the top electrodes are directly connected, in a series circuit. The module can effectively reduce the middle invalid area for connecting the sub-batteries and improve the space filling factor of the module. Meanwhile, the contact resistance of the upper electrode and the lower electrode is eliminated, and the performance of the battery is further improved. The cell structure of the invention provides potential for realizing high-efficiency large-area solar cells.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of solar cells, and particularly relates to a solar cell module and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
The gradual exhaustion of traditional energy sources such as coal, petroleum, natural gas and the like and the burning of the traditional energy sources cause great pollution to the environment, and the ecological balance of the earth is broken, so that climate abnormity and serious natural disasters frequently occur in recent years. This therefore compels people to find clean, renewable energy sources. Among them, solar energy is a representative of green energy due to its characteristics of cleanness, inexhaustibility and the like, and is widely concerned by people.
Currently, the highest inorganic silicon-based solar cell efficiency reaches 24%, approaching gradually the theoretical upper limit of 30%. However, in terms of marketization, the total yield of inorganic solar cells is less than 0.1% of the total global energy. This is mainly due to the harsh manufacturing conditions and high production costs of inorganic solar cells. The disadvantages of non-flexibility and difficult processing of inorganic solar cells limit their large-area applications.
The organic polymer solar cell and the perovskite solar cell become hot spots of research of people in recent years due to the excellent characteristics of wide material sources, light weight, simple preparation process (film formation can be carried out by methods such as spinning, ink-jet printing and the like), flexibility and the like, and through the development of recent years, the energy conversion efficiency of the organic solar cell with a small area in a laboratory is over 10 percent and the energy conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell is over 20 percent.
However, when the area of the solar cell is made large, there is a great loss in cell efficiency due to an increase in series resistance and a short circuit of the cell. The solar cell module is an effective method for effectively reducing the series resistance, and because the area of a single sub-cell in the module is small, the influence of the short circuit of the single sub-cell on the whole circuit is small. However, in the conventional solar cell module, the connection between the two sub-cells needs to occupy an effective area, so that the area of an effective active area for actual generation of photo-electricity is reduced. In addition, the traditional module needs a laser with higher precision for cutting, and has extremely high requirements on instruments and equipment.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects or the improvement requirements in the prior art, the invention provides a solar cell module and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein sub-electrodes with opposite polarities are connected in series in the solar cell module, any adjacent sub-cell top electrode or bottom electrode is directly connected, and an interface layer and an optical active layer are not required to be cut, so that the technical problem that the effective area is occupied by the connection of two sub-cells of the solar cell module in the prior art, and the area of an effective active region for generating photovoltaic electricity is reduced actually is solved.
In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a solar cell module, including a plurality of sub-cells connected in series, wherein the sub-cells sequentially include, from bottom to top, a bottom electrode, an electron transport layer, a photoactive layer, a hole transport layer, and a top electrode, and polarities of any two adjacent sub-cells are opposite in a series circuit of the solar cell module; the bottom electrodes of any two adjacent sub-cells are directly connected, or the top electrodes are directly connected, in a series circuit, and
if the bottom electrodes of any pair of adjacent sub-cells are directly connected, the top electrodes of its immediately adjacent pair of adjacent sub-cells are directly connected; or
If the top electrodes of any pair of adjacent sub-cells are directly connected, then the bottom electrodes of its immediately adjacent pair of adjacent sub-cells are directly connected.
Preferably, the solar cell module comprises a patterned bottom electrode and a patterned top electrode, the patterned bottom electrode comprises a plurality of bottom electrode units arranged at equal intervals, each bottom electrode unit comprises two bottom electrode blocks with the same area, the two bottom electrode blocks are connected through a first connecting block to form a first Z-shaped bottom electrode unit, and the first connecting block and the bottom electrode are made of the same material; the patterned top electrode comprises a plurality of top electrode units which are arranged at equal intervals, each top electrode unit comprises two top electrode blocks with the same area, the two top electrode blocks are connected through a second connecting block to form a second Z-shaped top electrode unit, and the second connecting block is made of the same material as the top electrode; the first Z-shaped and the second Z-shaped are mirror images opposite to each other; the distance between the bottom electrode units in the patterned bottom electrode and the patterned top electrode is equal to the distance between the top electrode units.
Preferably, the distance between the bottom electrode units in the patterned bottom electrode and the patterned top electrode is equal to the distance between the top electrode units, and is preferably not greater than 1 mm.
Preferably, the photoactive layer covers the entire substrate of the battery module, which is completed in one continuous process without cutting.
Preferably, the material of the bottom or top electrode is selected from ITO, FTO or a metal electrode.
Preferably, the materials of the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer are each independently selected from a metal oxide, a metal halide, or an organic polymer.
Preferably, the photoactive layer is an organic semiconductor heterojunction or organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite-type structure thin film; wherein the organic semiconductor heterojunction comprises a binary phase (donor-acceptor) or a multiple phase (multiple donor-multiple acceptor); the organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite-type structure thin film is (RNH)3)AXnY3-nWherein R is an alkyl chain CmH2m+1M is an integer from 1 to 6, n ranges from 0 to 3, and A is Pb or Sn; x and Y are each independently one of the halogen elements Cl, Br and I.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing a solar cell module, including the steps of:
(1) preparing a patterned bottom electrode on a substrate; the patterned bottom electrode comprises a plurality of bottom electrode units which are arranged at equal intervals, each bottom electrode unit comprises two bottom electrode blocks with the same area, and the two bottom electrode blocks are connected through a first connecting block to form a first Z-shaped bottom electrode unit;
(2) coating an electron transport layer and a hole transport layer on two sides of the first connecting blocks of the bottom electrode units arranged at equal intervals in the step (1) respectively; covering the electron transport layer on the bottom electrode block on one side of the first connecting block, and covering the hole transport layer on the bottom electrode block on the other side of the first connecting block;
(3) coating a photoactive layer on the surfaces of the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer in the step (2);
(4) coating an electron transport layer on the surface of the photoactive layer in the step (3) and right above the hole transport layer in the step (2), and coating a hole transport layer on the surface of the photoactive layer in the step (3) and right above the electron transport layer in the step (2);
(5) preparing a patterned top electrode on the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer of step (4); the patterned top electrode comprises a plurality of top electrode units which are arranged at equal intervals, each top electrode unit comprises two top electrode blocks with the same area, and the two top electrode blocks are connected through a second connecting block to form a second Z shape; the first Z shape and the second Z shape are opposite in mirror image, the solar cell module is obtained, and current flows in the solar cell module in a zigzag mode.
Preferably, the coating in step (2) and step (4) is spin coating, magnetron sputtering, screen printing or evaporation.
Preferably, the patterned top electrode in the step (5) is prepared by evaporation or screen printing.
In general, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution contemplated by the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the solar cell module, the polarities of any two adjacent sub-cells on the series circuit are opposite; the bottom electrodes of any two adjacent sub-batteries are directly connected or the top electrodes of any two adjacent sub-batteries are directly connected on the series circuit, and the contact resistance of the two electrodes is eliminated to reduce the series resistance. Compared with the traditional module, the invalid area of the contact position of the top electrode and the bottom electrode, which does not contribute to photocurrent, is reduced.
(2) The pattern of the bottom electrode or the top electrode of the solar cell module is in a Z shape which is closely arranged, so that the space is saved to the greatest extent, and the space utilization rate is high.
(3) The solar cell module is simple in preparation process, and the interface layer (the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer) and the active layer do not need laser cutting, so that the process complexity is greatly reduced.
(4) The solar module cell provided by the invention can be infinitely extended and arranged along two dimensions of a plane, and is more suitable for manufacturing a large-area cell.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an internal structure of a solar cell module according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a process for manufacturing a solar cell module according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a current-voltage curve of 8 organic solar cell modules prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic current flow diagram of a solar cell module according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a 4-segment solar cell module according to the present invention;
the same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like elements or structures, wherein:
1-a substrate; 2-a patterned bottom electrode; 21-bottom electrode block; 22-a first connection block; 3-an electron transport layer; 4-a hole transport layer; 5-a photoactive layer; 6-patterned top electrode, 61-top electrode block; 62-second connecting block.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
The invention provides a solar cell module, which comprises a plurality of series-connected sub-cells, wherein each sub-cell sequentially comprises a bottom electrode, an electron transport layer (ETL for short), an active layer (active layer), a hole transport layer (HTL for short) and a top electrode from bottom to top, and the polarities of any two adjacent sub-cells on a series circuit are opposite; the bottom electrodes of any two adjacent sub-cells are directly connected, or the top electrodes are directly connected, in a series circuit, and if the bottom electrodes of any pair of adjacent sub-cells are directly connected, the top electrodes of its immediately adjacent pair of adjacent sub-cells are directly connected; or if the top electrodes of any pair of adjacent sub-cells are directly connected, the bottom electrodes of its immediately adjacent pair of adjacent sub-cells are directly connected.
The solar cell module comprises a patterned bottom electrode and a patterned top electrode, wherein the patterned bottom electrode comprises a plurality of electrodes which are closely arranged at equal intervalsThe bottom electrode unit comprises two bottom electrode blocks with the same area, the two bottom electrode blocks are connected through a first connecting block to form a first Z-shaped bottom electrode unit, and the first connecting block and the bottom electrode are made of the same material; the patterned top electrode comprises a plurality of top electrode units which are closely arranged at equal intervals, each top electrode unit comprises two top electrode blocks, the two top electrode blocks are connected through a second connecting block to form a second Z shape, and the second connecting block and the top electrode units are made of the same material; the first Z-shaped and the second Z-shaped are mirror images opposite to each other; the distances between the bottom electrode units or the top electrode units are equal, and are preferably not more than 1mm, so that high space utilization rate can be ensured. The photoactive layer covers the entire base of the battery module, which is done in a one-time continuous process without cutting. The solar cell module comprises an electron transport layer and a hole transport layer which are positioned on the same horizontal plane, wherein the electron transport layer is directly contacted with the hole transport layer, and the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer are in a strip shape arranged alternately. The bottom electrode or the top electrode is made of ITO, FTO or metal electrodes, the first connecting block is made of bottom electrode materials, the second connecting block is made of top electrode materials, and therefore circuits of the two electrode blocks are communicated and current passes through. The material of the electron transport layer is selected from metal oxide, metal halide or organic polymer. The photoactive layer is an organic semiconductor heterojunction or organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite structure film; wherein the organic semiconductor heterojunction comprises a binary phase (donor-acceptor) or a multiple phase (multiple donor-multiple acceptor); the organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite-type structure thin film is (RNH)3)AXnY3-nWherein R is an alkyl chain CmH2m+1(ii) a A is Pb or Sn; x and Y are respectively and independently one of halogen elements Cl, Br and I, m is an integer from 1 to 6, n ranges from 0 to 3, and the material of the hole transport layer is selected from metal oxide, metal halide or organic polymer.
The invention provides a preparation method of a solar cell module, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a patterned bottom electrode on a substrate; the patterned bottom electrode comprises a plurality of bottom electrode units which are closely arranged at equal intervals, each bottom electrode unit comprises two bottom electrode blocks, the two bottom electrode blocks are connected through a first connecting block to form a first Z-shaped bottom electrode unit, the first Z-shaped bottom electrode units which are arranged at equal intervals are the patterned bottom electrode, and the material selected by the first connecting blocks is the same as that selected by the bottom electrode; the distance between the bottom electrode units is preferably no more than 1 mm; the substrate of the bottom electrode can be glass, polyether sulfone (PES), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), and the bottom electrode can be conductive glass (ITO and FTO), or plated metal, or knife-coated metal nanowires, or printed conductive polymers.
(2) Coating an electron transport layer and a hole transport layer on the surface of the patterned bottom electrode in the step (1), wherein the electron transport layer covers the bottom electrode blocks on the same side in the first Z-shaped bottom electrode units which are arranged at equal intervals, and the hole transport layer covers the bottom electrode blocks on the other side in the first Z-shaped bottom electrode units which are arranged at equal intervals; the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer may be in direct contact with each other or may have a gap. The coating is carried out by spin coating, magnetron sputtering, screen printing or evaporation. The electron transport layer material in the solar cell module is metal oxide, metal halide or organic polymer, and is prepared by spin coating, magnetron sputtering, screen printing or evaporation coating film making. The hole transport layer is made of metal oxide, metal halide or organic polymer and is formed by spin coating, magnetron sputtering, screen printing or evaporation coating film making.
(3) Coating a photoactive layer on the whole surface of the substrate where the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer are positioned in the step (2); the light active layer in the solar cell module is an organic semiconductor heterojunction or organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite structure film. Wherein the organic semiconductor heterojunction comprises a binary phase (donor-acceptor) or a multiple phase (multiple donor-multiple acceptor); the organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite-type structure thin film is (RNH)3)AXnY3-nWhereinR is an alkyl chain CmH2m+1M is an integer from 1 to 6, n ranges from 0 to 3, and A is Pb or Sn; x, Y are respectively one of the halogen elements Cl, Br and I. The photoactive layer is formed by spin coating, magnetron sputtering, screen printing, drop coating, blade coating or evaporation, and the photoactive layer is paved on the substrate of the whole battery module.
(4) Coating an electron transport layer on the surface of the photoactive layer in the step (3) and right above the hole transport layer in the step (2), and coating a hole transport layer on the surface of the photoactive layer in the step (3) and right above the electron transport layer in the step (2); the coating is carried out by spin coating, magnetron sputtering, screen printing or evaporation.
(5) Preparing a patterned top electrode on the surfaces of the hole transport layer and the electron transport layer in the step (3) by spin coating, magnetron sputtering, screen printing or evaporation; the patterned top electrode comprises a plurality of top electrode units which are closely arranged at equal intervals, each top electrode unit comprises two top electrode blocks with the same area, the two top electrode blocks are connected through a second connecting block to form a second Z shape, the second Z shape can be called as an inverted Z shape, the distance between the top electrode units is equal to the distance between the bottom electrode units in the step (1), the distance is preferably not more than 1mm, the first Z shape and the second Z shape are opposite to each other in mirror image, a top electrode material in the solar cell module is a metal simple substance, a metal oxide, a metal halide or an organic polymer, the second connecting block is made of the same material as the top electrode material, the solar cell module is obtained after the top electrode is prepared, and current flows in the solar cell module in a zigzag mode.
The thickness of the electrode, the interface layer and the active layer in the solar cell module is within the thickness range usually selected by the conventional solar cell.
The invention discloses a solar cell module and a manufacturing method thereof, which can be an organic solar cell module or a perovskite solar cell module. The top and bottom electrodes of the solar cell module are patterned, and the photoactive layer covers the entire substrate. The adjacent solar sub-cells have opposite structures and opposite polarities, the current flows in a zigzag mode and can be infinitely extended and arranged along two dimensions of a plane, and the patterns of the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer are horizontal stripes arranged alternately. Meanwhile, the invention also discloses a method for preparing the perovskite solar cell module and the organic solar cell module. The module can effectively reduce the middle invalid area for connecting the sub-batteries and improve the space filling factor of the module. Meanwhile, the contact resistance of the upper electrode and the lower electrode is eliminated, and the performance of the battery is further improved. The cell structure of the invention provides potential for realizing high-efficiency large-area solar cells.
The following are examples:
example 1
The solar cell module provided in this embodiment has a schematic internal structure, as shown in fig. 1, 1 — a substrate; 2-a patterned bottom electrode; 21-bottom electrode block; 22-a first connection block; 3-an electron transport layer; 4-a hole transport layer; 5-a photoactive layer; 6-patterned top electrode, 61-top electrode block; 62-a second connecting block; from bottom to top:
patterned bottom electrode: the bottom electrode units are positioned on the substrate and are closely arranged at equal intervals and are in a first Z shape, each bottom electrode unit consists of two bottom electrode blocks and a first connecting block for connecting the two electrode blocks, and the two bottom electrode blocks are communicated and form the first Z shape;
a first interface layer: the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer are in direct contact and respectively cover two sides of a first connecting block of a first Z-shaped bottom electrode unit, so that a bottom electrode block on one side of the first connecting block is covered by the electron transport layer, and a bottom electrode block on the other side of the first connecting block is covered by the hole transport layer;
optically active layer: the optical active layer covers the whole surface of the substrate and is processed by one-step process;
a second interface layer: the hole transport layer HTL is directly contacted with the electron transport layer ETL and respectively positioned at two sides of a Z-shaped transverse center line, and each side correspondingly covers the electrode blocks at the same side; the hole transport layer of the second interface layer is positioned right below the electron transport layer of the first interface layer, and the electron transport layer of the second interface layer is positioned right below the hole transport layer of the first interface layer.
Patterned top electrode: the top electrode units are arranged at equal intervals and are in reverse Z shapes, each top electrode unit is composed of two bottom electrodes, the two top electrode blocks are communicated through a second connecting block and form a second Z shape, namely the reverse Z shape, and the first Z shape and the second Z shape are opposite in mirror image.
The process for manufacturing the solar cell module of this embodiment is shown in fig. 2, wherein,
the bottom electrode is formed by etching ITO glass, the patterns are arranged in a Z shape (called as a first Z shape) at equal intervals, the bottom electrode units which are positioned on the substrate and closely arranged at equal intervals and are in the first Z shape are patterned bottom electrodes, the interval between the bottom electrode units is 1mm, each bottom electrode unit is composed of two bottom electrode blocks and a first connecting block for connecting the two electrode blocks, and the two bottom electrode blocks are communicated and form the first Z shape.
Preparing a first interface layer: the first interface layer comprises a hole transport layer and an electron transport layer, and in the solar cell module, a first row of sub-cells (a row of sub-cells formed by the bottom electrode block on one side of the first connecting block) adopts spin coating PEDOT: PSS (4083), so that a layer of hole transport layer with the thickness of about 30nm is uniformly formed on the substrate. The second row of sub-batteries (the row of sub-batteries formed by the bottom electrode blocks corresponding to the other side of the first connecting block) adopts a zinc oxide solution of a printing sol-gel method to form a zinc oxide film with electron conductivity of about 40nm, namely an electron transmission layer. The electron transport layer and the hole transport layer are in direct contact and respectively cover two sides of the first connecting block of the first Z-shaped bottom electrode unit, so that the bottom electrode block on one side of the first connecting block is covered by the electron transport layer, and the bottom electrode block on the other side of the first connecting block is covered by the hole transport layer.
The photoactive layer is prepared by spin coating a solution of organic light-point material (PBDB-T-2F: ITIC-4F) chlorobenzene on the interface layer. The thickness of the photoactive layer is about 100nm and no patterning process is required.
Preparing a second interface layer: on the surface of the optical active layer, adopting a zinc oxide solution of a printing sol-gel method right above the hole transport layer of the first interface layer to form a zinc oxide film with electron conductivity about 40nm, and obtaining an electron transport layer of a second interface layer; and (3) spin-coating PEDOT (PSS) (4083) right above the electron transport layer of the first interface layer on the surface of the optical active layer to uniformly form a hole transport layer with the thickness of about 30nm on the substrate, namely the hole transport layer of the second interface layer.
The top electrode pattern is shown in fig. 4, the top electrode adopts an evaporation method, and PFN-Br is printed on the first row of subcells, so that electrons can be effectively led out, and the organic solar cell structure is formal. Evaporating high-work-function metal oxide MoO on the lower row of sub-batteries3And then evaporating metal Ag to form the trans-organic solar cell structure.
The electrodes of each sub-battery arranged transversely are not directly contacted and are connected with the electrodes of the batteries with opposite polarities corresponding to the electrodes in the longitudinal direction. In the whole circuit, the current flowing direction is in a sawtooth shape. The organic solar cell module prepared by the preparation process comprises 8 sub-cells, and the 8 sub-cells are connected in series with an open-circuit voltage Voc6.96V, short-circuit current Isc3.86mA, fill factor FF 68.1%, efficiency PCE 9.46%, as shown in fig. 3. The solar cell module has the following advantages: (1) the optical active layer covers the whole substrate, laser cutting is not needed, and the process difficulty is reduced; (2) the adjacent batteries have opposite structures, and the series resistance between the electrodes is greatly reduced; (3) the module battery can be arranged along two planar dimensions in an infinitely extending manner, and is more suitable for manufacturing large-area batteries.
The solar cell module prepared by the invention has the advantages that the adjacent solar sub-cells have opposite structures and opposite polarities, the current flows in a zigzag flow direction, the solar cell module can be infinitely arranged in two dimensions of a plane in an extending manner, a plurality of rows and columns of patterned bottom electrodes can be prepared as required, accordingly, according to the preparation process thought, the overlooking schematic diagram of the solar cell module shown in figure 4 can be obtained, wherein white represents a trans-structure cell, black represents a formal structure cell, for convenience of understanding, the connection between the adjacent cells in the figure is not drawn, and the broken line represents the flow direction of the current in the module cell.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a 4-segment solar cell module according to the present invention, and it can be seen that top electrodes of any two adjacent sub-cells are directly connected or bottom electrodes of the two sub-cells are directly connected, and hole transport layers and electron transport layers are directly contacted and arranged alternately, so that the current direction in the solar cell module formed in this way is a zigzag flow direction.
Example 2
In this embodiment, the bottom electrode is formed by etching ITO glass, and the patterns are arranged in a line in a zigzag shape.
In the solar cell module, a lower hole transport layer adopts a spin coating process, a strip of nickel oxide precursor solution is coated on a substrate, and then the substrate is placed on a hot table to be sintered into a compact nickel oxide film. The film is used for blocking electrons and collecting holes.
In the solar cell module, the lower electron transport layer adopts a spin coating process, a layer of PEIE aqueous solution is spin coated firstly, and then a layer of chloroform solution of CTAB: PCBM is spin coated, so that 2 layers of films are formed for collecting electrons and blocking holes.
In the solar cell module, the optical active layer adopts a solution of spin-coating perovskite, and then is sintered at 100 ℃ to form a light absorption layer with the thickness of about 200 nm.
And the hole transport layer and the electron transport layer on the upper layer are respectively spin-coated with Spiro, CTAB and PCBM on two sides of the substrate by the same spin-coating process.
The top electrode is vacuum evaporated, and a layer of Ag about 300nm is evaporated by using a mask prepared and patterned in advance.
Example 3
In this embodiment, the bottom electrode is formed by etching FTO glass, and the patterns are arranged in a plurality of rows in a Z-shape.
In the solar cell module, an electron transport layer adopts a spraying process, a strip of titanium dioxide precursor solution is coated on a substrate, and then the substrate is placed in a muffle furnace to be sintered into a compact titanium dioxide film. The film is used for blocking holes and collecting electrons.
In the solar cell module, a hole transport layer adopts a spraying process, a strip of nickel oxide precursor solution is coated on a substrate, and then the substrate is placed on a hot table to be sintered into a compact nickel oxide film. The film is used for blocking electrons and collecting holes.
In the solar cell module, the light active layer adopts a printed perovskite dispersion liquid, and then is sintered at 100 ℃ to form a 200nm-500nm light absorption layer. Then, a layer of organic heterojunction solution is printed on the perovskite thin film to enhance the absorption of light.
The top electrode adopts an evaporation method, and the metal Ca with low work function is evaporated on the base number row sub-cell, so that electrons can be effectively led out, and the solar cell is of a trans-perovskite solar cell structure. Evaporating high-work-function metal oxide MoO on even-number-row sub-batteries3And then, evaporating metal Ag to form a formal perovskite solar cell structure.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A preparation method of a solar cell module is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a patterned bottom electrode on a substrate; the patterned bottom electrode comprises a plurality of bottom electrode units which are arranged at equal intervals, each bottom electrode unit comprises two bottom electrode blocks with the same area, and the two bottom electrode blocks are connected through a first connecting block to form a first Z-shaped bottom electrode unit;
(2) coating an electron transport layer and a hole transport layer on two sides of the first connecting blocks of the bottom electrode units arranged at equal intervals in the step (1) respectively; covering the electron transport layer on the bottom electrode block on one side of the first connecting block, and covering the hole transport layer on the bottom electrode block on the other side of the first connecting block;
(3) coating a photoactive layer on the surfaces of the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer in the step (2);
(4) coating an electron transport layer on the surface of the photoactive layer in the step (3) and right above the hole transport layer in the step (2), and coating a hole transport layer on the surface of the photoactive layer in the step (3) and right above the electron transport layer in the step (2);
(5) preparing a patterned top electrode on the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer of step (4); the patterned top electrode comprises a plurality of top electrode units which are arranged at equal intervals, each top electrode unit comprises two top electrode blocks with the same area, and the two top electrode blocks are connected through a second connecting block to form a second Z shape; the first Z shape and the second Z shape are opposite in mirror image, the solar cell module is obtained, and current flows in the solar cell module in a zigzag mode.
2. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the coating in steps (2) and (4) is spin coating, magnetron sputtering, screen printing or evaporation.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the patterned top electrode of step (5) is prepared by evaporation or screen printing.
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