CN108546796B - Full-dry type cooling device for converter flue gas and cooling method thereof - Google Patents
Full-dry type cooling device for converter flue gas and cooling method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108546796B CN108546796B CN201810761899.7A CN201810761899A CN108546796B CN 108546796 B CN108546796 B CN 108546796B CN 201810761899 A CN201810761899 A CN 201810761899A CN 108546796 B CN108546796 B CN 108546796B
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- flue gas
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- pipe section
- flue
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/38—Removal of waste gases or dust
- C21C5/40—Offtakes or separating apparatus for converter waste gases or dust
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C2100/00—Exhaust gas
- C21C2100/02—Treatment of the exhaust gas
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention discloses a converter flue gas full-dry type cooling device and a cooling method thereof, wherein the converter flue gas full-dry type cooling device comprises a converter flue (1), a fire collecting device (2), a convection heat exchange waste heat recovery device (3), a dry dust remover (4) and a fan (5) which are sequentially arranged. According to the converter flue gas full-dry type cooling device, the fire trapping device is arranged between the converter flue and the convection heat exchange waste heat recovery device, so that fire carried by the converter flue gas can be removed in a temperature range higher than 610 ℃, and explosion hidden danger is eliminated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a converter flue gas full-dry cooling device and a flue gas full-dry cooling method.
Background
The temperature of the flue gas escaping from the converter mouth is about 1600 ℃, and in order to meet the requirement of subsequent flue gas dust removal, the converter flue gas needs to be cooled. Along with the deep penetration of circular economy, the energy-saving and environment-friendly consciousness of each enterprise in China is gradually strengthened, the high-temperature waste heat of converter flue gas is generally recovered, the medium-low-temperature waste heat recovery of the converter flue gas is researched, the real dry dedusting process is searched, and the method has become a focus of a plurality of steel plants.
The existing flue gas purifying and recycling treatment process facility of the dry method system mainly comprises a flue gas purifying system and a flue gas recycling system. The method has the defects that the possibility of gas explosion in the using process is high, a large amount of sensible heat in the flue gas is not utilized, a large amount of steam is consumed, and process wastewater is still generated.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that the existing dry flue gas purifying and recycling treatment process is easy to explode. The invention provides a converter flue gas full-dry type cooling device and a cooling method thereof.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: a converter flue gas full-dry cooling device comprises a converter flue, a fire trapping device, a convection heat exchange waste heat recovery device, a dry dust remover and a fan which are sequentially arranged.
The converter flue contains a membrane wall, and the section of the converter flue is round or square.
The fire trapping device comprises descending pipe sections and ascending pipe sections which are alternately arranged, wherein the inlet position of the descending pipe section is higher than the outlet position of the descending pipe section, the inlet position of the ascending pipe section is lower than the outlet position of the ascending pipe section, two adjacent descending pipe sections are communicated with the ascending pipe section through an upper connecting part or a lower connecting part, and a flow field disturbance structure is arranged in the lower connecting part.
The fire trapping device comprises a first descending pipe section, a first ascending pipe section, a second descending pipe section, a second ascending pipe section and a third descending pipe section which are sequentially arranged, wherein a flow field disturbance structure is an insulator, a wear-resistant pipe, a convex structure or a concave structure.
The distance from the flow field disturbance structure to the ascending pipe section is smaller than the distance from the flow field disturbance structure to the descending pipe section; the lower end of the lower connecting part is provided with a particle collecting or discharging structure, and the position of the flow field disturbance structure corresponds to the position of the particle collecting or discharging structure up and down.
The fire collection device is connected with the convection heat recovery device through a vaporization flue, a heat insulation flue or a water cooling flue.
The heat exchange surface is arranged in the convection heat exchange waste heat recovery device, and the ash discharging device is arranged at the bottom of the convection heat exchange waste heat recovery device.
The outlet of the fan is connected with a first discharge pipeline and a second discharge pipeline through a switching valve, the first discharge pipeline is connected with a chimney, the second discharge pipeline is connected with a gas tank, and the switching valve can enable flue gas exhausted by the fan to enter the chimney or the gas tank.
An air cooling device or a low-temperature heat exchange device is arranged on the second discharge pipe, or the air cooling device or the low-temperature heat exchange device is arranged between the dry dust collector and the fan.
The flue gas total-dry cooling method adopts the converter flue gas total-dry cooling device, and comprises the following steps in sequence:
step 1, cooling the flue gas discharged by a converter to 800-1000 ℃ through a converter flue;
step 3, cooling the flue gas to 150-250 ℃ by a convection heat exchange waste heat recovery device;
step 4, purifying the flue gas by a dry dust remover;
and 5, exhausting the purified flue gas by a fan.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the fire carried by the converter flue gas is removed in the temperature range higher than 610 ℃ so as to eliminate the hidden danger of explosion.
2. Recovering sensible heat of the flue gas at the temperature of 150-250 ℃ and realizing the full recovery of the waste heat of the flue gas;
3. the pure dry cooling of the converter flue gas is realized.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a converter flue gas all-dry cooling device according to the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the fire trapping device.
1. A converter flue; 2. a fire trapping device; 3. a convection heat exchange waste heat recovery device; 4. a dry dust collector; 5. a blower; 6. a switching valve; 7. an air cooling device; 8. a gas cabinet; 9. a chimney; 11. vaporization flue; 12. a heat exchange surface; 13. a converter;
21. lowering the pipe section; 22. a rising pipe section; 23. an upper connection part; 24. a lower connecting part; 25. a flow field disturbance structure; 26. a particulate collection or discharge structure;
61. a first discharge line; 62. and a second discharge line.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other. The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments.
The full dry type cooling device for the converter flue gas comprises a converter flue 1, a flame trapping device 2, a convection heat exchange waste heat recovery device 3, a dry dust remover 4 and a fan 5 which are sequentially arranged, wherein the full dry type cooling device is shown in figure 1.
The converter flue 1 and the convection heat exchange waste heat recovery device 3 dry-cool the flue gas from 1800 ℃ to about 150-250 ℃ and recover the waste heat of the flue gas. The fire trapping device 2 removes large particles and dust (fire) from the flue gas at 800-1000 ℃ in a dry method. The fire trapping device 2 can separate large particles, dust and other high-temperature solid matters carried by the converter flue gas and discharge the solid matters out of the device.
In this embodiment, the converter tunnel 1 has a membrane wall, and the cross section of the converter tunnel 1 is circular or square. The converter flue gas adopts radiation heat exchange in the converter flue 1, the converter flue 1 adopts a film wall form, and a film wall cooling medium generally adopts water, and can also be heat conduction oil, molten salt and the like. The cooling mode is generally evaporation cooling, and can also be phase-change-free cooling.
The film wall is cooled by evaporation cooling or by non-phase change cooling. The design of the converter flue gas radiation heat exchange surface ensures smooth flue gas flow. The flow form of the flue gas in the converter flue gas radiation heat exchange surface is similar to plug flow. There are no areas such as swirl of fume retention in the converter fume radiation heat exchange surface.
In this embodiment, the fire trapping device 2 has a tubular structure (may also be referred to as a fire trapping flue), the fire trapping device 2 includes alternately arranged descending pipe sections 21 and ascending pipe sections 22, the inlet position of the descending pipe sections 21 is higher than the outlet position of the descending pipe sections 21, the inlet position of the ascending pipe sections 22 is lower than the outlet position of the ascending pipe sections 22, two adjacent descending pipe sections 21 and ascending pipe sections 22 are communicated through an upper connecting portion 23 or a lower connecting portion 24, and a flow field disturbance structure 25 is arranged in the lower connecting portion 24, as shown in fig. 2.
The inlet of the fire type trapping device 2 is connected with a cooling flue 1, the cooling flue 1 adopts a plug flow flue, the wall surface of the cooling flue 1 is provided with a heat absorber, the radiation heat release of high-temperature flue gas is absorbed while the flue gas is guided, the flue gas and dust are all introduced into the fire type trapping device 2 through an elbow at the top of the cooling flue 1, and the temperature of the flue gas entering the fire type trapping device 2 does not reach an explosion temperature region. The fire trapping device 2 adopts a plug flow flue structure and is provided with a flow field disturbance structure 25, and large particles and agglomerated ash (fire) in the flue gas are rapidly trapped by utilizing the action of gravity and centrifugal force. The flow field disturbance structure 3 has the following functions: changing the flow velocity vector distribution forms a low-speed region (which can be understood as changing the flow direction of the fluid around the flow field disturbance structure 3 and reducing the flow velocity of the fluid around the flow field disturbance structure 3) with a certain range in the region with higher concentration of the particulate matter.
In the present embodiment, the fire trapping device 2 includes a first descent pipe section 21, a first ascent pipe section 22, a second descent pipe section 21, a second ascent pipe section 22, and a third descent pipe section 21, which are disposed in this order, as shown in fig. 2. After entering the fire trapping device 2, the flue gas goes through a descending stage, an ascending stage, a descending stage, an ascending stage and a descending stage in sequence.
In this embodiment, the wall of the fire trapping device 2 may be a radiator or may be a heat insulator. When the wall of the fire trapping device 2 is a heat radiator, that is, the wall of the fire trapping device 2 is a heat radiation type wall, and when the wall of the fire trapping device is a film type wall, the cooling medium of the film type wall may be water, heat conducting oil or molten salt. The cooling mode is generally evaporation cooling, and can also be phase-change-free cooling.
In this embodiment, the flow field disturbance structure 25 may be a heat insulator, a wear-resistant pipe, or a protrusion or depression of a wall surface, or the flow field disturbance structure 25 may be a structure in which protrusions and depressions are alternately arranged (it is understood that the structure is similar to the shape of the surface of a washboard). The distance from the flow field disturbance structure 25 to the riser section 22 is smaller than the distance from the flow field disturbance structure 25 to the downcomer section 21, e.g. the flow field disturbance structure 25 is located below the riser section 22. The lower end of the lower connecting portion 24 is provided with a particulate matter collecting or discharging structure 26, and the position of the flow field disturbance structure 25 corresponds to the position of the particulate matter collecting or discharging structure 26 up and down, i.e. the particulate matter collecting or discharging structure 26 is located right below the flow field disturbance structure 25.
In this embodiment, the particulate collection or discharge structure 26 is an ash discharge port. The ash discharging port is formed by arranging a plurality of single ports in parallel. The size of the ash discharging port is smaller, and the plunger flow motion of the smoke is not influenced. The ash discharging port can only be opened for discharging when the component of the smoke is air.
In this embodiment, the fire trapping device 2 has a serpentine tube structure, and separates the dust, large particles, and the like from the flue gas by utilizing the gravity and inertial force of the fire itself. The pipeline design of the fire trapping device 2 should ensure that the flue gas flows smoothly. The flow pattern of the flue gas in the flame arrester device 2 approximates a plug flow. In the flame arrester 2, there is no region such as a vortex where the smoke stays significantly.
The appearance of the cooling flue 1 can be cylindrical or square. The cooling flue 1 can be in the form of a film wall, and a cooling medium of the film wall generally adopts water, and can also be heat conduction oil, molten salt and the like. The cooling mode is generally evaporation cooling, and can also be phase-change-free cooling. The design of the cooling flue 1 ensures that the flue gas flows smoothly. The flow pattern of the flue gas in the cooling tunnel 1 approximates plug flow. There are no regions such as vortexes where the smoke stays significantly in the cooling flue 1.
When in use, the high-temperature flue gas generated in the smelting process of the converter 5 is cooled to 800-1000 ℃ mainly by radiation heat exchange through the cooling flue 1 positioned above the converter, and then enters the fire trapping device 2 in sequence. The fire trapping device 2 can separate large particles, dust and other high-temperature solid matters carried by the converter flue gas and discharge the solid matters out of the device.
In the flue gas flow, the fire trapping device 2 is arranged in front of the dry dust collector 4; the gas with explosive components, the temperature of which is higher than 610 ℃, is provided with a fire trapping device 2 in the flue gas flow path. The fire trapping device 2 adopts the principle of inertia, and separates the dust, large particles and the like from the flue gas by changing the flow direction and utilizing the gravity and the inertia force of the fire. The design of the fire trapping device 2 ensures that the flue gas flows smoothly. The flow pattern of the flue gas in the flame arrester device approximates plug flow. There are no regions such as swirl where smoke stays in the flame trapping device.
In the embodiment, the fire trapping device 2 and the convection heat recovery device 3 are connected through a vaporization flue 11, an adiabatic flue or a water-cooling flue. If the inlet of the fire trapping device 2 is connected with the outlet of the converter flue 1, the outlet of the fire trapping device 2 is connected with the inlet of the vaporization flue 11. The heat exchange surface 12 is arranged in the convection heat exchange waste heat recovery device 3, and the ash discharging device is arranged at the bottom of the convection heat exchange waste heat recovery device 3.
The convection heat recovery device 3 generally adopts a transverse scouring mode and a horizontal light pipe mode, and can also adopt a fin tube. The tube bundles are generally arranged in a cross-flow manner, or in a concurrent manner. The first two rows of tubes on the windward side are usually protected by false tubes or wear plates. The cooling medium is water, heat conducting oil, molten salt, etc. The cooling mode is generally evaporation cooling, and can also be phase-change-free cooling. The design of the convection heat exchange device ensures smooth flow of the flue gas. The flow pattern of the flue gas in the convective heat transfer device approximates plug flow. There are no areas such as eddies where flue gas stays in the convective heat transfer device.
In this embodiment, the outlet of the fan 5 is connected to a first discharge pipe 61 and a second discharge pipe 62 through a switching valve 6, the first discharge pipe 61 is connected to a chimney 9, the second discharge pipe 62 is connected to a gas tank 8, and the switching valve 6 can enable the flue gas discharged from the fan 5 to enter the chimney 9 or the gas tank 8.
The second discharge pipeline 62 is provided with an air cooling device 7 or a low-temperature heat exchange device, or the air cooling device 7 or the low-temperature heat exchange device is arranged between the dry dust collector 4 and the fan 5. The air cooling device 7 can realize pure dry cooling of converter flue gas from 150 ℃ to 250 ℃ to below 70 ℃. The air cooling device 7 generally adopts a multi-tube-bundle atmospheric natural convection mode which is vertically arranged. The appearance of the single tube is generally cylindrical, and can also be elliptical.
The design of the air cooling device 7 ensures that the flue gas flows smoothly. The flow pattern of the flue gas in the air cooling device is similar to plug flow. There are no regions such as vortexes where the flue gas stays in the air cooling device. Before the converter gas enters the gas holder, the following steps are adopted: and the indirect cooling devices such as an air cooling device or a low-temperature heat exchange device are used for deep cooling, so that the temperature requirement of entering the gas holder is met.
The flue gas total-dry cooling method adopts the converter flue gas total-dry cooling device, and comprises the following steps of:
step 1, cooling the flue gas discharged by a converter 13 to 800-1000 ℃ by a converter flue 1;
step 3, cooling the flue gas to 150-250 ℃ by a convection heat exchange waste heat recovery device 3;
step 4, purifying the flue gas by a dry dust collector 4;
and 5, exhausting the purified flue gas by a fan 5.
The upper end of the converter 13 discharges flue gas, the flue gas passes through a converter flue gas radiation heat exchange device (converter flue 1) positioned above the converter 13, the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to 800-1000 ℃, the flue gas enters a fire collection device 2, and then enters a convection heat exchange waste heat recovery device 3. The convection heat exchange waste heat recovery device 3 cools the flue gas from 800 ℃ to 1000 ℃ to about 150 ℃ to 250 ℃, and then the flue gas enters an air cooling device, and the flue gas is cooled to below 70 ℃ from 150 ℃ to 250 ℃ in a dry mode. The fire trapping device separates large particles, dust and other high-temperature solids carried by the converter flue gas and discharges the high-temperature solids out of the device. The method is characterized in that the flue gas temperature is reduced to below 70 ℃ in a full indirect heat exchange mode, and the following three functions are realized simultaneously: 1. when the temperature of the converter flue gas is below 610 ℃, the converter flue gas does not carry high-temperature solid matters such as large particles, agglomerated ash and the like, so that hidden explosion hazards caused by energy carried by the high-temperature solid matters do not exist at the positions of a convection heat exchange device and the like. 2. Recovering sensible heat of the flue gas at the temperature of 150-250 ℃ and realizing the full recovery of the waste heat of the flue gas; 3. realizing the pure dry cooling of converter flue gas from 150 ℃ to 250 ℃ to below 70 ℃.
The high temperature flue gas generated in the converter smelting process is cooled to 1000 ℃ mainly by radiation heat exchange through a converter flue 1 positioned above the converter, then is sequentially cooled to 150-250 ℃ through a fire collecting device 2, a heat insulation flue (or a vaporization flue 11 and a convection heat exchange waste heat recovery device 3), is subjected to flue gas purification by a fan 5 and a reversing valve in a flue gas switching station by a high-efficiency dry dust remover 4 (such as electric dust removal and ceramic membrane tube dust removal), the temperature of one path of qualified converter gas after the switching valve 6 is reduced to below 70 ℃ by an air cooling device 7 and enters a gas cabinet 8, and one path of unrecovered gas or flue gas is combusted by a chimney 9 and then is discharged to the atmosphere.
The foregoing description of the embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, so that the substitution of equivalent elements or equivalent variations and modifications within the scope of the invention shall fall within the scope of the patent. In addition, the technical characteristics and technical scheme, technical characteristics and technical scheme can be freely combined for use.
Claims (5)
1. The full dry type cooling device for the converter flue gas is characterized by comprising a converter flue (1), a flame trapping device (2), a convection heat exchange waste heat recovery device (3), a dry dust remover (4) and a fan (5) which are sequentially arranged;
the fire trapping device (2) comprises a first descending pipe section (21), a first ascending pipe section (22), a second descending pipe section (21), a second ascending pipe section (22) and a third descending pipe section (21) which are sequentially arranged, wherein the inlet position of the descending pipe section (21) is higher than the outlet position of the descending pipe section (21), the inlet position of the ascending pipe section (22) is lower than the outlet position of the ascending pipe section (22), two adjacent descending pipe sections (21) and the ascending pipe section (22) are communicated through an upper connecting part (23) or a lower connecting part (24), and a flow field disturbance structure (25) is arranged in the lower connecting part (24);
the flow field disturbance structure (25) is an insulator, a wear-resistant pipe, a convex structure or a concave structure;
the distance from the flow field disturbance structure (25) to the ascending pipe section (22) is smaller than the distance from the flow field disturbance structure (25) to the descending pipe section (21); the lower end of the lower connecting part (24) is provided with a particle collecting or discharging structure (26), and the position of the flow field disturbance structure (25) corresponds to the position of the particle collecting or discharging structure (26) up and down;
the outlet of the fan (5) is connected with a first discharge pipeline (61) and a second discharge pipeline (62) through a switching valve (6), the first discharge pipeline (61) is connected with a chimney (9), the second discharge pipeline (62) is connected with a gas tank (8), and the switching valve (6) can enable flue gas discharged by the fan (5) to enter the chimney (9) or the gas tank (8);
an air cooling device (7) or a low-temperature heat exchange device is arranged on the second discharge pipeline (62), or the air cooling device (7) or the low-temperature heat exchange device is arranged between the dry dust collector (4) and the fan (5).
2. The full dry cooling device for converter flue gas according to claim 1, wherein the converter flue (1) comprises a membrane wall and the cross section of the converter flue (1) is circular or polygonal.
3. The converter flue gas full-dry cooling device according to claim 1, wherein the flame trapping device (2) and the convective heat transfer waste heat recovery device (3) are connected through a vaporization flue (11), an adiabatic flue or a water cooling flue.
4. The converter flue gas full-dry cooling device according to claim 1, wherein a heat exchange surface (12) is arranged in the convective heat transfer waste heat recovery device (3), and an ash discharging device is arranged at the bottom of the convective heat transfer waste heat recovery device (3).
5. The flue gas total-dry cooling method is characterized by adopting the converter flue gas total-dry cooling device according to claim 1, and sequentially comprising the following steps:
step 1, cooling the flue gas discharged by a converter (13) to 800-1000 ℃ by a converter flue (1);
step 2, separating high-temperature solid matters carried in the flue gas by a fire trapping device (2);
step 3, cooling the flue gas to 150-250 ℃ by a convection heat exchange waste heat recovery device (3);
step 4, purifying the flue gas by a dry dust collector (4);
and 5, discharging the purified flue gas by a fan (5).
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| CN201810761899.7A CN108546796B (en) | 2018-07-12 | 2018-07-12 | Full-dry type cooling device for converter flue gas and cooling method thereof |
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| CN109487031B (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2024-04-05 | 北京京诚科林环保科技有限公司 | Dry dust removal and full waste heat recovery equipment for converter flue gas |
| CN111850225A (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2020-10-30 | 北京凯德恒源科技发展有限公司 | Full-dry method converter primary flue gas purification method based on deep recovery of heat energy |
| CN114921608A (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2022-08-19 | 北京勤泽鸿翔冶金科技有限公司 | Converter flue gas waste heat recovery and purification process |
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