CN108546556B

CN108546556B - Biomass pyrolysis system

Info

Publication number: CN108546556B
Application number: CN201810328481.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 金湓; 孙初锋
Original assignee: Northwest Minzu University
Current assignee: Northwest Minzu University
Priority date: 2018-04-08
Filing date: 2018-04-08
Publication date: 2020-10-02
Anticipated expiration: 2038-04-08
Also published as: CN108546556A

Abstract

The invention discloses a biomass pyrolysis system, which comprises a circulating heating part, a pyrolysis part and a post-treatment part; the circulating heating part comprises a combustion chamber, an air heating chamber and a fuel adding chamber; the combustion chamber comprises a combustion furnace, heat-insulating bricks, a natural gas spray gun, a combustion bed, a feeding device and the like; the air heating chamber comprises a rotary barrel, a heating chamber, a heat storage brick, a left conduit, a right conduit, a left fan, a right fan, a rotary gear ring, a rotary motor, a rotary gear and the like; the pyrolysis part comprises a base, a bearing seat, a rotating shaft, a support ring, a pyrolysis furnace, a reamer, a pyrolysis cavity, a hot air input end, a solid output end, a hot air output end, a driving motor and the like. The heat generated by burning the high calorific value garbage is used for drying and pyrolyzing the low calorific value garbage, so that the utilization rate of the heat and the economic benefit of a treatment plant can be effectively improved.

Description

Biomass pyrolysis system

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of biomass treatment, in particular to a biomass pyrolysis system.

Background

Biomass refers to various organisms formed by photosynthesis, including all animals and plants and microorganisms. The biomass energy is the energy form that solar energy is stored in biomass in the form of chemical energy, is one of important energy sources which human beings rely on for survival, is the fourth largest energy source after coal, petroleum and natural gas, and plays an important role in the whole energy system.

Biomass includes all plants, microorganisms and animals that feed on plants, microorganisms and their waste products. Representative biomass materials include crops, crop wastes, wood wastes, and animal wastes. The narrow concept: the biomass mainly refers to lignocellulose (lignin for short) such as straws and trees except grains and fruits in the production process of agriculture and forestry, leftovers in the processing industry of agricultural products, agricultural and forestry wastes, livestock and poultry manure and wastes in the production process of animal husbandry, and the like.

Direct combustion is one of the most common, direct and commercially viable ways to extract energy from biomass. This approach is the least costly and most direct to obtain energy, but with a low energy utilization. Along with the reduction of biomass energy sources, diversified researches on energy structures are also increasing. In particular, domestic garbage, agricultural garbage and the like which have been abandoned in the past are gradually entering the research scope.

However, these wastes have a low calorific value and are difficult to handle, and therefore they are tried out in a small range. With the diversification of the types of garbage, the rapid increase of the quantity of the garbage, the progress of the technology and the increasingly strict environmental protection requirement, the treatment cost and the economic benefit of the low-calorific-value garbage and the garbage which is difficult to treat are also obviously improved. The processing technology is developing towards integration, compounding and synthesis.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a biomass pyrolysis system which has diversified treatment types, low treatment energy consumption and environmental protection.

The invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a biomass pyrolysis system comprises a circulating heating part, a pyrolysis part and a post-treatment part;

the circulating heating part comprises a combustion chamber, an air heating chamber and a fuel adding chamber;

the combustion chamber comprises a combustion furnace, insulating bricks uniformly distributed on the inner wall of the combustion furnace, a natural gas spray gun arranged in the combustion furnace, a combustion bed fixed on the inner wall of the combustion furnace and a feeding device;

the air heating chamber comprises a rotary barrel, four heating chambers fixed in the rotary barrel, heat storage bricks stacked in the heating chambers, a left conduit fixed on the top surface of the rotary barrel, a right fan connected with the free end of the left conduit, a left fan connected with the free end of the right conduit, a rotary gear ring fixed on the side wall of the rotary barrel, a rotary motor installed on the top surface of the combustion furnace and a rotary gear installed on an output shaft of the rotary motor;

the rotary gear is meshed with the rotary gear ring;

the rotary barrel is arranged on the top surface of the combustion furnace;

the pyrolysis part comprises a base, bearing seats symmetrically arranged on the base, a rotating shaft arranged on the bearing seats, support rings symmetrically fixed on the rotating shaft, a pyrolysis furnace rotationally connected with the support rings, a reamer fixed on the rotating shaft, a pyrolysis cavity arranged on the outer wall of the pyrolysis furnace, a hot air input end arranged on the pyrolysis cavity, a solid output end arranged on the pyrolysis furnace, a hot air output end arranged on the pyrolysis cavity and a driving motor connected with the rotating shaft.

As a further solution: the combustion bed is obliquely arranged; the combustion beds are alternately arranged on two opposite side walls of the combustion furnace.

As a further solution: a discharge system is arranged on the combustion furnace; the discharging system comprises a rectangular opening formed in the bottom surface of the combustion furnace, slideways fixed on two sides of the rectangular opening, a baffle plate arranged on the slideways and a pushing device connected with the baffle plate.

As a further solution: the feeding device comprises a charging barrel rotatably connected with the combustion furnace, baffles circularly arrayed in the charging barrel, an exhaust pipe rotatably connected with the charging barrel, a rotating motor fixedly arranged on the combustion furnace and a driving wheel arranged on an output shaft of the rotating motor;

the drive wheel is in contact with the cartridge;

an air hole is formed at the joint of the charging barrel and the combustion furnace; a steel wire mesh is fixed on the air hole; a feed opening is formed in the steel wire mesh;

the baffle divides the barrel into a plurality of sectors; the shape of the feed opening is the same as that of the sector.

As a further solution: and a splitter plate is fixed on the top surface of the combustion furnace.

As a further solution: the free end of the exhaust pipe is connected with the hot air input end.

As a further solution: the post-treatment part comprises a spray tower and a pulverizer;

the input end of the spray tower is connected with the hot air output end;

the input end of the pulverizer is connected with the solid output end.

As a further solution: the device also comprises a scavenging valve A, a scavenging valve B and a hot air conduit;

the scavenging valve A and the scavenging valve B are respectively provided with three connecting ends;

the hot air conduit is provided with two input ends and one output end;

the first connecting end of the scavenging valve A is connected with the first input end of the hot air conduit, the second connecting end is connected with the left fan, and the third connecting end is an open end;

the first connecting end of the scavenging valve B is connected with the second input end of the hot air conduit, the second connecting end is connected with the right fan, and the third connecting end is an open end;

the output end of the hot air conduit is connected with the hot air input end.

The invention has the following positive effects:

the invention has wide treatment range and higher comprehensive benefit. The invention treats the agricultural straws, leaves and daily domestic garbage, has wider garbage sources, can effectively enlarge the garbage sources and reduce the dependence on the garbage types. The problem that the single processing source is unstable in processing amount can be effectively solved. Especially for the treatment factory, the daily fixed operation cost is not changed, the stable garbage source can enable the factory to be in a full-load operation state all the time, the treatment benefit of each day is higher than the fixed operation cost, the hematopoietic capacity of the treatment factory is improved, and the stable operation of the treatment factory is ensured.

The invention can effectively reduce the operation cost and improve the utilization efficiency of energy. The agricultural garbage has high heat value and is easy to treat, and is mainly used for combustion heat supply; the household garbage has complex components and much water, can not be directly combusted, needs to be dried, and particularly, most of the household garbage has very low heat value and is more suitable for pyrolysis. The low-calorific-value domestic garbage is dried and pyrolyzed by utilizing the heat generated by the high-calorific-value agricultural garbage, so that the problem of heat sources is solved, the consumption of energy sources such as coal, electricity, natural gas and the like is effectively reduced, after the treatment process is stably operated, the stable operation can be maintained without external energy input, and the operation cost is very low.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a layout of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a burner;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a rotary drum;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a pyrolysis section;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a burner;

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a cartridge;

FIG. 7 is a top view of a steel mesh;

figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of the scavenging valve a;

figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the scavenging valve a;

wherein: 11 combustion furnace, 12 heat preservation brick, 13 natural gas spray gun, 14 combustion bed, 21 revolving barrel, 22 heating chamber, 23 heat storage brick, 24 left conduit, 25 right conduit, 26 left blower, 27 right blower, 28 revolving gear ring, 29 revolving motor, 210 revolving gear, 31 base, 32 bearing seat, 33 revolving shaft, 34 supporting ring, 35 pyrolysis furnace, 36 reamer, 37 pyrolysis chamber, 38 hot air input end, 39 solid output end, 310 hot air output end, 311 driving motor, 41 rectangular opening, 42 slideway, 43 baffle, 51 charging barrel, 52 baffle, 53 exhaust pipe, 54 revolving motor, 55 driving wheel, 56 air hole, 57 steel wire mesh, 58 feed opening, 6 splitter plate, 7 spray tower, 8 pulverizer, 91 air exchange valve A, 92 air exchange valve B, 93 hot air conduit.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described below in connection with fig. 1-9.

The invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the combustion chamber comprises a combustion furnace 11, insulating bricks 12 uniformly distributed on the inner wall of the combustion furnace 11, a natural gas spray gun 13 arranged in the combustion furnace 11, a combustion bed 14 fixed on the inner wall of the combustion furnace 11 and a feeding device;

the air heating chamber comprises a rotary barrel 21, four heating chambers 22 fixed in the rotary barrel 21, heat storage bricks 23 stacked in the heating chambers 22, a left conduit 24 fixed on the top surface of the rotary barrel 21, a right conduit 25 fixed on the top surface of the rotary barrel 21, a right fan 27 connected with the free end of the left conduit 24, a left fan 26 connected with the free end of the right conduit 25, a rotary gear ring 28 fixed on the side wall of the rotary barrel 21, a rotary motor 29 arranged on the top surface of the combustion furnace 11 and a rotary gear 210 arranged on an output shaft of the rotary motor 29;

the rotary gear 210 is meshed with the rotary gear ring 28;

the rotary barrel 21 is arranged on the top surface of the combustion furnace 11;

the pyrolysis part comprises a base 31, a bearing seat 32 symmetrically installed on the base 31, a rotating shaft 33 arranged on the bearing seat 32, support rings 34 symmetrically fixed on the rotating shaft 33, a pyrolysis furnace 35 rotatably connected with the support rings 34, a reamer 36 fixed on the rotating shaft 33, a pyrolysis cavity 37 arranged on the outer wall of the pyrolysis furnace 35, a hot air input end 38 arranged on the pyrolysis cavity 37, a solid output end 39 arranged on the pyrolysis furnace 35, a hot air output end 310 arranged on the pyrolysis cavity 37 and a driving motor 311 connected with the rotating shaft 33.

As a further solution: the combustion bed 14 is arranged obliquely; the combustion beds 14 are alternately disposed on opposite side walls of the furnace 11.

As a further solution: a discharging system is arranged on the combustion furnace 11; the discharge system comprises a rectangular opening 41 formed on the bottom surface of the combustion furnace 11, slideways 42 fixed on two sides of the rectangular opening 41, a baffle 43 arranged on the slideways 42 and a pushing device connected with the baffle 43.

As a further solution: the feeding device comprises a charging barrel 51 rotationally connected with the combustion furnace 11, baffle plates 52 circularly arrayed in the charging barrel 51, an exhaust pipe 53 rotationally connected with the charging barrel 51, a rotating motor 54 fixedly arranged on the combustion furnace 11 and a driving wheel 55 arranged on an output shaft of the rotating motor 54;

the drive wheel 55 is in contact with the cartridge 51;

an air hole 56 is formed at the joint of the charging barrel 51 and the combustion furnace 11; a steel wire mesh 57 is fixed on the air hole 56; a feed opening 58 is formed in the steel wire mesh 57;

the baffle 52 divides the barrel 51 into a plurality of sectors; the shape of the feed opening 58 is the same as the shape of the sector.

As a further solution: a splitter plate 6 is fixed on the top surface of the combustion furnace 11.

As a further solution: the free end of the exhaust pipe 53 is connected to the hot air input 38.

As a further solution: the post-treatment part comprises a spray tower 7 and a pulverizer 8;

the input end of the spray tower 7 is connected with a hot air output end 39;

the input of the pulverizer 8 is connected to a solids output 38.

As a further solution: also comprises a scavenging valve A91, a scavenging valve B92 and a hot air conduit 93;

the scavenging valve A91 and the scavenging valve B92 are provided with three connecting ends;

the hot air duct 93 is provided with two input ends and one output end;

a first connection end of the scavenging valve a91 is connected with a first input end of the hot air conduit 93, a second connection end is connected with the left fan 26, and a third connection end is an open end;

the first connecting end of the scavenging valve B92 is connected with the second input end of the hot air conduit 93, the second connecting end is connected with the right fan 27, and the third connecting end is an open end;

the output of the hot air duct 93 is connected to the hot air input 38.

The present invention is further described below with reference to specific processing procedures.

The treatment source of the invention has two parts of agricultural garbage and domestic garbage, wherein the agricultural garbage comprises straw, wheat husk, rod core and other substances which can be combusted and have relatively high heat value; the domestic garbage comprises substances capable of burning such as fruit peels, food, leaves and the like.

First, the structure and operation of the feeding device will be described. The feeding device comprises a charging barrel 51, a baffle plate 52, an exhaust pipe 53, a rotating motor 54, a driving wheel 55, an air hole 56, a steel wire mesh 57, a feed opening 58 and the like. The baffle 52 divides the barrel 51 into a plurality of sectors, which are independently provided. The steel wire mesh 57 is used for guiding hot air in the combustion furnace 11 into the sector while preventing agricultural waste in the sector from falling to the combustion furnace 11, so as to preheat the agricultural waste in the sector. The shape of the feed opening 58 on the steel wire mesh 57 is the same as that of the sectors, so that the agricultural wastes in each sector can sequentially drop into the combustion furnace 11 when the rotary motor 54 drives the charging barrel 51 to rotate through the driving wheel 55. The vent tube 53 has the same diameter as the cartridge 51, but leaves a filling hole at the junction between the two, which can be replenished at any time during rotation of the cartridge 51.

The end cover matched with the filling hole can be manufactured on the working site according to the requirement, the end cover is taken away during filling, and the end cover is placed back to the filling hole after filling.

When filling for the first time, the rotational speed of the charging barrel 51 is fast, each sector needs to be filled, after the operation is stable, the charging barrel 51 rotates slowly at a uniform speed, and at the moment, the empty sector is located at the filling hole and only needs to be filled. The sector areas are arranged in sequence, the sector area at the position of the filling hole is positioned at the first position of the sequence, and the sector area at the position of the feed opening 58 is positioned at the last position, so that the preheating time of the agricultural garbage is longer, the temperature of the agricultural garbage entering the combustion furnace 11 can be effectively improved, and the frequent temperature fluctuation in the combustion furnace 11 is avoided. Since the calorific value of agricultural wastes is still low, it is necessary to ensure the stability of the temperature in the combustion furnace 11 to avoid flameout.

Air required for the combustion furnace 11 is injected through the air heating chamber. The air heating chamber has two connecting ends, and the two alternately undertake the effect of air input end and tail gas output end. The motor steering in the left fan 26 and the right fan 27 is changed to ensure the function. The top surface of the heating chamber 22 is rotatably connected with the main body of the heating chamber 22, and the top surface of the heating chamber 22 is not moved in the process that the rotary motor 29 drives the heating chamber 22 to rotate through the rotary gear 210 and the rotary gear ring 28.

Two air through holes are arranged on the top surface of the combustion furnace 11 and are used for air input and tail gas output. The splitter plate 6 is vertically arranged between the two air through holes, so that the air flow disorder caused by too close distance between air and tail gas is avoided. When the distance between the two is relatively close, the input air is very easy to be extracted when the tail gas is extracted, so that the temperature of the combustion furnace 11 is reduced and the oxygen supply is insufficient.

When the left duct 24 plays a role of a tail gas output end, the high-temperature tail gas heats the heat storage bricks 23 in the heating chamber 22 connected with the left duct 24, and the temperature of the tail gas is reduced; at this time, the right duct 25 serves as an air input port, and the heat accumulation bricks 23 in the hot chamber 22 connected to the right duct 25 heat the low-temperature air supplied into the combustion furnace 11, thereby effectively preventing temperature fluctuation in the combustion furnace 11.

When the rotary tub 21 is rotated, the heating chamber 22 is also rotated. As will be understood from the above description, the heating chamber 22 also alternately takes on the roles of heating air and heat storage. The four heating chambers 22 can effectively reduce the alternating frequency of the heat and the cold of the heat storage bricks 23 and prolong the service life of the heat storage bricks. As the throughput of the present invention increases, the number of heating chambers 22 also needs to be increased in order to reduce the frequency of replacement of the heat storage bricks 23.

The agricultural waste falls onto the combustion bed 14 in the combustion furnace 11. The inclined combustion beds 14 are alternately arranged on two opposite inner walls of the combustion furnace 11, agricultural garbage slides on the inclined combustion beds 14 and sequentially passes through each combustion bed 14, so that the retention time of the agricultural garbage in the combustion furnace 11 can be prolonged, particularly, the agricultural garbage can be fully contacted with air in the moving and falling processes, the combustion is more sufficient, and the phenomenon of bottom flameout during stacked combustion is avoided. The natural gas spray gun 13 is used as a starting heat source and a heat supplement source when the temperature is low, and the insulating brick 12 can effectively isolate heat loss and has a good heat insulation effect.

The domestic waste is directly poured into the pyrolysis furnace 35. The filling opening on the pyrolysis furnace 35 can be opened conveniently after a quick-opening flange is adopted, and the sealing performance is good. After the filling is completed, the driving motor 311 is operated to drive the reamer 36 to rotate through the rotating shaft 33 and the supporting ring 34. The reamer 36 crushes the garbage while turning it so that it can be dried and pyrolyzed sufficiently.

High-temperature tail gas generated by the combustion furnace 11 and hot air preheated for agricultural garbage are injected into the pyrolysis cavity 37 through the scavenging valve A91, the scavenging valve B92, the hot air guide pipe 93 and the hot air input end 38, heat of the high-temperature tail gas and the hot air is transmitted to the household garbage through the pyrolysis furnace 35, at the moment, the pyrolysis furnace 35 is in a closed state, and the household garbage is pyrolyzed in an oxygen-free environment.

The domestic garbage after pyrolysis is output through a solid output end 39 and conveyed to the crusher 8 for secondary crushing, and the treated domestic garbage can be fermented into organic fertilizer or backfilled into the land. At the same time, a connection pipe needs to be added between the pyrolysis furnace 35 and the spray tower 7, because a large amount of gaseous pollution is generated during the pyrolysis process, and needs to be treated.

The high-temperature tail gas and the hot air in the pyrolysis cavity 37 flow in a single direction, flow out from the hot air output end 310 and are guided into the spray tower 7 through the hot air guide pipe 93 for treatment.

The function of the scavenging valve a91 and the scavenging valve B92 is to ensure that the furnace 11 is operating. The specific process is as follows: a rotatable valve core with an air passage is arranged in the scavenging valve A91, when the scavenging valve A91 is used as an air inlet valve, the valve core connects the connecting end communicated with the outside air with the connecting end connected with the left fan 26, and the air enters the combustion furnace 11; when the scavenging valve a91 is used as the exhaust valve, the valve body connects the connection end connected to the hot air duct 93 to the connection end connected to the left fan 26, and the exhaust gas from the combustion furnace 11 is introduced into the spray tower 7 through the hot air duct 93. The structure of the scavenging valve B92 is the same as that of the scavenging valve A91, and the working process is reversed, so the description is omitted.

Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or equivalent replaced by some technical features, and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A biomass pyrolysis system, characterized in that: comprises a circulating heating part, a pyrolysis part and a post-treatment part;

the combustion chamber comprises a combustion furnace (11), insulating bricks (12) uniformly distributed on the inner wall of the combustion furnace (11), a natural gas spray gun (13) arranged in the combustion furnace (11), a combustion bed (14) fixed on the inner wall of the combustion furnace (11) and a feeding device;

the air heating chamber comprises a rotary barrel (21), four heating chambers (22) fixed in the rotary barrel (21), heat storage bricks (23) stacked in the heating chambers (22), a left conduit (24) fixed on the top surface of the rotary barrel (21), a right conduit (25) fixed on the top surface of the rotary barrel (21), a right fan (27) connected with the free end of the left conduit (24), a left fan (26) connected with the free end of the right conduit (25), a rotary gear ring (28) fixed on the side wall of the rotary barrel (21), a rotary motor (29) installed on the top surface of the combustion furnace (11) and a rotary gear (210) installed on an output shaft of the rotary motor (29);

the rotary gear (210) is meshed with the rotary gear ring (28);

the rotary barrel (21) is arranged on the top surface of the combustion furnace (11);

the pyrolysis part comprises a base (31), bearing seats (32) symmetrically arranged on the base (31), a rotating shaft (33) arranged on the bearing seats (32), support rings (34) symmetrically fixed on the rotating shaft (33), a pyrolysis furnace (35) rotationally connected with the support rings (34), a reamer (36) fixed on the rotating shaft (33), a pyrolysis cavity (37) arranged on the outer wall of the pyrolysis furnace (35), a hot air input end (38) arranged on the pyrolysis cavity (37), a solid output end (39) arranged on the pyrolysis furnace (35), a hot air output end (310) arranged on the pyrolysis cavity (37) and a driving motor (311) connected with the rotating shaft (33);

the device also comprises a scavenging valve A (91), a scavenging valve B (92) and a hot air conduit (93);

the scavenging valve A (91) and the scavenging valve B (92) are respectively provided with three connecting ends;

the hot air duct (93) is provided with two input ends and one output end;

the first connecting end of the scavenging valve A (91) is connected with the first input end of the hot air conduit (93), the second connecting end is connected with the left fan (26), and the third connecting end is an open end;

the first connecting end of the scavenging valve B (92) is connected with the second input end of the hot air conduit (93), the second connecting end is connected with the right fan (27), and the third connecting end is an open end;

the outlet of the hot air line (93) is connected to the hot air inlet (38).

2. The biomass pyrolysis system of claim 1, wherein: the combustion bed (14) is arranged obliquely; the combustion beds (14) are alternately arranged on two opposite side walls of the combustion furnace (11).

3. The biomass pyrolysis system of claim 1, wherein: a discharging system is arranged on the combustion furnace (11); the discharging system comprises a rectangular opening (41) formed in the bottom surface of the combustion furnace (11), slide ways (42) fixed to two sides of the rectangular opening (41), a baffle plate (43) arranged on the slide ways (42) and a pushing device connected with the baffle plate (43).

4. The biomass pyrolysis system of claim 1, wherein: the feeding device comprises a charging barrel (51) rotationally connected with the combustion furnace (11), baffles (52) circularly arrayed in the charging barrel (51), an exhaust pipe (53) rotationally connected with the charging barrel (51), a rotating motor (54) fixedly installed on the combustion furnace (11) and a driving wheel (55) installed on an output shaft of the rotating motor (54);

the drive wheel (55) is in contact with the cartridge (51);

an air hole (56) is formed at the joint of the charging barrel (51) and the combustion furnace (11); a steel wire mesh (57) is fixed on the air hole (56); a feed opening (58) is formed in the steel wire mesh (57);

the baffle (52) dividing the barrel (51) into a plurality of sectors; the shape of the feed opening (58) is the same as the shape of the sector.

5. The biomass pyrolysis system of claim 1, wherein: a splitter plate (6) is fixed on the top surface of the combustion furnace (11).

6. The biomass pyrolysis system of claim 4, wherein: the free end of the exhaust pipe (53) is connected with the hot air input end (38).

7. The biomass pyrolysis system of claim 1, wherein: the post-treatment part comprises a spray tower (7) and a pulverizer (8);

the input end of the spray tower (7) is connected with the hot air output end (310);

the input end of the pulverizer (8) is connected with the solid output end (39).