CN108546038B - 一种在役矸石山覆盖组合物及其施工方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种应用于在役矸石山的覆盖组合物及其施工方法，属于环境治理、煤矸石山治理技术领域，本发明提出的覆盖组合物包括无机物、聚合物、合成纤维和水；将上述物料按一定配比制成混合浆料，喷涂在矸石山表面，将矸石山覆盖，防止煤矸石氧化自燃，阻止雨水下渗，防止产生渗滤液，减少扬尘，减少有害气体散发，同时改善视觉效果，保护环境，实现安全生产的目的。本发明主要应用于在役矸石山的覆盖，也可应用于垃圾填埋场、尾矿库、废渣堆场等场地的防渗覆盖以及易燃物品的防火覆盖、污染土壤的覆盖保护。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于环境治理、煤矸石山治理技术领域，具体涉及一种应用于在役矸石山覆盖组合物及其施工方法。
背景技术
煤矸石是原煤开采和加工过程中产生的固体废弃物，是一种在成煤过程中与煤伴生的一种含碳量低、比煤坚硬的黑灰色岩石，其排放量约占原煤产量的10—20%，由于目前加工利用率很低，主要以露天堆放方式弃置。不仅占用大量土地，而且引发矿区生态环境问题。
煤矸石治理包括两部分：一是在役矸石山，即还在继续排矸仍在使用的矸石山；二是矸石山堆满闭库后，需进行生态环境恢复治理的矸石山。近年来，闭库后的矸石山治理越来越引起重视，而持续时间更长，危害更严重的在役矸石山治理尚未进入正轨，原因是在役矸石山正在生产，而且这个时间很长，有的长达十多年，直到闭库后才治理；其次为技术原因，闭库后矸石山治理有相关规定和治理规范，而在役矸石山有要求，却无技术手段，但在役矸石山造成的环境危害更大，主要危害有：因露天堆放，造成严重扬尘，降水渗滤液漫流，一些含硫较高的矸石，容易引发自然发火，释放大量的有毒有害气体，更为严重的，雨水下渗，有可能引发正在燃烧的矸石山爆炸，其次造成视觉污染。
目前治理在役矸石山技术手段，主要以绿色塑料网临时覆盖，由于网孔较大，风化较快，作用有限，仅能起到一些视觉美观作用，对防尘作用不大，无实质效果，对防火、防渗滤液无作用。
对于在役矸石山防自燃的办法有：对于已经自燃的矸石堆，在着火点覆盖黄土、废渣，控制自然发火发展；对于防火主要采用由下而上，分层堆放矸石并碾压，分层覆盖黄土，矸石堆放2—4m，覆盖1m左右黄土作为隔离层，如此循环，此种方法必须具备大面积平整的排矸场，适用条件受限，而且占用大量土地，不具推广价值。上述两种方法都是利用黄土，缺点是工程庞大，需消耗大量土地资源，同时也占用了近三分之一的库容，缩短了矸石山的使用年限，再加上目前取土困难，得不偿失；而且黄土本身也会带来新的扬尘，至于渗滤液污染治理更无从谈起。因此，针对上述问题，发明一种在役矸石山覆盖组合物及其施工方法，对保护环境，节省土地资源，意义重大。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题，本发明公开了一种专用于在役矸石山的覆盖组合物和施工方法，保护矸石山，防止扬尘，阻止雨水下渗，防止矸石氧化自燃，减少有害气体散发，改善视觉效果，避免库容浪费，真正实现保护环境，实现安全生产的目的。
本发明的技术方案为：一种专用于在役矸石山的覆盖组合物，所述覆盖组合物包括无机物、聚合物、合成纤维和水，其中，所述无机物重量配比为15—70%，所述聚合物重量配比为0.5—10%，所述合成纤维重量配比为0.1—2%，所述水重量配比为25—80%。浆料中每种材料的确切百分比取决于施工时的天气状况，与温度、湿度有关。
进一步的，所述无机物包括水泥、高岭土、珍珠岩粉、粉煤灰中的两种或两种以上。所述水泥一般为325号硅酸盐水泥，所述高岭土一般为煅烧高岭土，一般为1250目，所述珍珠岩一般为膨胀珍珠岩，一般为200目，所述粉煤灰一般为工业Ⅱ级以上。
优选的，所述无机物重量配比为25—60%。
进一步的，所述聚合物包括聚乙烯醇聚合物、可再分散性乳胶粉、纤维素聚合物中的任意一种。用于提高覆盖层的胶粘性和柔韧性。
进一步的，所述纤维素聚合物是半合成聚合物，应为水分散的纤维素衍生的聚合物，包括甲基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟乙基甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素中的一种或两种。
进一步的，所述聚合物重量配比为0.8—5%。
进一步的，所述合成纤维用于提高覆盖层的联结力，增加抗拉性。所述合成纤维包括聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚碳酸酯、尼龙中的至少一种。所述合成纤维长度6—10mm。
进一步的，为了增加美观效果和便于观察覆盖的均匀性，所述覆盖组合物还包括颜料，所述颜料为水性色浆或砂浆颜料，所述颜料的重量配比为0.02—0.1%。
进一步的，为了与周边植被协调一致，所述颜料选用绿色。
进一步的，所述水为可为实施现场所能提供的水源，符合环保要求即可。根据配方不同，水占混合物的比例可以为25—80%。
进一步的，将上述覆盖组合物依次加入带有搅拌功能的容器中，缓慢搅拌，直到混合浆料粘稠为止，通过液力或气力泵将上述混合浆料均匀喷覆在矸石堆上，浆料凝固后形成覆盖层，实现抑尘、隔水、防自然发火作用。
进一步的，所述专用液力或气力喷覆装置为市售产品。整个喷覆装置安装在汽车上或者由汽车拖动。
进一步的，所述覆盖层厚度为3-20mm。
本发明的有益效果：本发明所述的覆盖组合物简单实用，该覆盖组合物形成的覆盖层柔韧、致密、防水，在实现防尘、防水、防自燃、改观视觉污染效果的同时，节省了土地资源，节省空间，增加了矸石山的使用寿命，且避免了二次污染。
该覆盖组合物也可应用在废渣堆场、尾矿库、矿山废弃地、采石场、废料场、垃圾填埋场等可能产生扬尘、雨水下渗污染土壤和地下水场地的防渗覆盖，以及易燃物品的防火覆盖、大面积污染土壤的覆盖保护。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体的实施例对本发明的内容作进一步的阐述，但实施例仅是本发明的较佳实施方式，故凡依本发明专利申请范围所述的特征及原理所做的等效变化，均包括于本发明专利申请范围内。
实施例1
按重量比，将1000份水加入搅拌容器中，然后依次加入聚乙烯纤维10份，可再分散性乳胶粉40份，搅拌均匀；最后加入珍珠岩粉240份，水泥250份，色浆1份，搅拌均匀，制成喷涂浆液。
将混合浆料通过液力喷播机喷涂到矸石堆表面，喷涂厚度5mm左右，形成覆盖层。
实施例2
按重量比，将900份水加入搅拌容器中，然后依次加入尼龙纤维9份，甲基纤维素35份，搅拌均匀；最后加入高岭土250份，水泥300份，搅拌均匀，制成喷涂浆液。
将混合浆料通过液力喷播机喷涂到矸石堆表面，喷涂厚度10mm左右。2小时后凝固，形成覆盖层。
实施例3
按重量比，将1000份水加入搅拌容器中，然后依次加入聚氯乙烯纤维8份，甲基纤维素20份，羟丙基纤维素15份，搅拌均匀；最后加入粉煤灰200份，珍珠岩100份，水泥200份，搅拌均匀，制成喷涂浆液。
将混合浆料通过液力喷播机喷涂到废渣堆表面，喷涂厚度12mm左右。2小时后凝固，形成覆盖层。
实施例4
按重量比，将1000份水加入搅拌容器中，然后依次加入聚氯乙烯纤维3份，聚丙烯纤维3份，甲基纤维素15份，羟乙基甲基纤维素15份，搅拌均匀；最后加入高岭土200份，粉煤灰200份，珍珠岩粉100份，搅拌均匀，制成喷涂浆液。
将混合浆料通过液力喷播机喷涂到废渣堆表面，喷涂厚度15mm左右。2小时后凝固，形成覆盖层。
实施例5
按重量比，将1000份水加入搅拌容器中，然后依次加入聚氯乙烯纤维4份，聚丙烯纤维4份，羟丙基甲基纤维素10份，羟乙基甲基纤维素15份，搅拌均匀；最后加入高岭土200份，珍珠岩粉100份，水泥200份，搅拌均匀，制成喷涂浆液。
将混合浆料通过液力喷播机喷涂到废渣堆表面，喷涂厚度18mm左右。2小时后凝固，形成覆盖层。
实施例6
山西晋能集团长治分公司王庄煤矿排矸场（在役矸石山）覆盖实施例
王庄煤矿底山村排矸场占地54亩，年排矸量30—40万吨，大量矸石裸露堆放，产生大量扬尘和渗滤液，以前，为了减少扬尘，采用绿色塑料网格覆盖，因风化和汽车碾压，塑料网格很快破损，一个月内多次更换，且防护效果不理想。矿方非常重视环保工作，但苦于没有更好的技术手段,该问题一直没有解决。2018年3月，由本公司对底山村排矸场进行了本发明的实际应用。
1、实施设备：采用市售的液力喷播机，容积3m3，功率20kw，汽车牵引，出口压力0.5MPa，流量40m3/h。
2、配料：水泥600份，珍珠岩粉150份，粉煤灰150份，聚乙烯醇30份，聚氯乙烯纤维（6mm）15份，绿色水性色浆1份。
水选用矿井回用水1500份。
3、喷涂：将水加入喷播机搅拌箱内，然后依次加入聚氯乙烯纤维、聚乙烯醇，搅拌均匀；最后加入珍珠岩粉、粉煤灰、水泥，搅拌均匀，搅拌20分钟左右，制成喷涂浆料。将混合浆料通过液力喷播机喷涂到矸石堆表面，喷涂厚度10mm左右。在黑色矸石堆表面形成绿色覆盖层，4小时后，在其上浇水，水不下渗，起到了防尘、防雨水下渗效果，改变了视觉，同时防止矸石山产生高温的可能。
最后应说明的是：以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (3)
1.一种在役矸石山的覆盖组合物，其特征在于，将覆盖组合物喷覆在矸石堆表面，形成覆盖层，覆盖层柔韧、致密、防水，可防止扬尘、阻止雨水下渗、防止矸石氧化自燃、减少有害气体散发，改善视觉效果；所述覆盖层厚度为3-20mm；所述覆盖组合物包括无机物、 聚合物、合成纤维和水，其中，所述无机物重量配比为25—60%，所述聚合物重量配比为0.5—10%，所述合成纤维重量配比为0.1—1%，所述水重量配比为25—80%；所述无机物包括水泥、高岭土、珍珠岩粉、粉煤灰中的至少两种；所述聚合物包括聚乙烯醇聚合物、可再分散性乳胶粉、纤维素聚合物中的任意一种，所述纤维素聚合物是半合成聚合物，为水分散的纤维素衍生的聚合物，包括甲基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟乙基甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素中一种或两种；所述合成纤维包括聚乙烯纤维、聚丙烯纤维、聚氯乙烯纤维、聚碳酸酯纤维、尼龙中的至少一种；所述覆盖组合物还包括颜料，所述颜料为水性色浆或砂浆颜料，所述颜料的重量配比为0.02-0.1%；所述颜料选用绿色。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种在役矸石山的覆盖组合物，其特征在于，所述聚合物重量配比为0.8—5%。
3.根据权利要求1至2任一所述的一种在役矸石山的覆盖组合物的覆盖方法，其特征在于，将上述覆盖组合物加入带有搅拌功能的容器中，缓慢搅拌，直到混合浆料粘稠为止，将上述混合浆料均匀喷涂在矸石堆上，形成覆盖层，所述覆盖层厚度为3-20mm。
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