Hydraulic quick forging machine with suspension guide beam
Technical Field
The invention relates to a hydraulic quick forging machine, in particular to a hydraulic quick forging machine with a hammer fixedly connected to the lower end of a plunger of a hydraulic cylinder, a suspension guide beam arranged on a stand column and used for positioning and guiding the hammer, and belongs to the technical field of forging equipment design and manufacturing.
Background
The hammer head of the traditional hydraulic rapid forging machine is fixedly connected to a movable beam, and the movable beam is connected with a plunger of a downlink working hydraulic cylinder and a piston rod of an uplink return hydraulic cylinder. When the hydraulic device works, the uplink return hydraulic cylinder drives the movable beam to ascend; when the idle stroke is fast going down, the movable beam drives the hammer head to quickly approach the workpiece under the action of the oil supplementing pressure of the downlink working hydraulic cylinder and the gravity of the movable beam; during working, the hydraulic cylinder is filled with pressure oil to push the plunger and drive the hammer to roll the forging. As is evident from the above working process, during forging, the following drawbacks are highlighted because the movable beam and the hammer head must move synchronously for the fixed connection: a. the hammer head is slow due to the large weight of the moving part, so that the forging frequency is low, the linear speed of rolling is low, the application range of equipment is not wide, and the forging and pressing machine is not applicable to forging and pressing of high alloy steel; b. The flexibility is poor, and the work efficiency is low. In order to overcome the defects, a cylinder-operated hydraulic quick forging machine is designed, and the hydraulic quick forging machine is used for directly and fixedly connecting a hammer head to the lower end of a plunger of a downlink working hydraulic cylinder, so that the weight of a moving part of the quick forging machine is greatly reduced, the forging and pressing frequency of the hammer head is increased, and the sensitivity of equipment is improved. However, since the reciprocating stroke of the plunger is guided by the cylinder wall of the working cylinder, the plunger is subjected to large unbalanced load and poor guiding stability, the working stroke of the hammer is small, and the damage to equipment is large. In summary, the conventional hydraulic quick forging machine has the disadvantage that the hammer is fixed on the movable beam or directly connected to the lower end of the plunger of the downlink hydraulic cylinder, and the conventional hydraulic quick forging machine always has an unsatisfactory place.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the traditional hydraulic quick forging machine as described in the background technology, the invention provides the hydraulic quick forging machine with the suspension guide beam, which is characterized in that a hammer head is fixedly connected to the lower end of a piston of a working cylinder, and a movable beam of the traditional hydraulic quick forging machine is designed into the suspension guide beam, so that the purposes of sensitive hammer head action, high rolling frequency and linear speed, wide application working range and high stability of the hydraulic quick forging machine are realized.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented by the following technical scheme: the hydraulic quick forging machine with the suspension guide beam comprises at least two upright posts, an upper fixed beam, a guide beam, a downlink working hydraulic cylinder, an uplink return hydraulic cylinder, a position tracking hydraulic cylinder, a displacement sensing device, a programmable controller and hammer heads; the upper fixed beam is fixedly connected to the upper end of the upright post; the cylinder bodies of the downlink working hydraulic cylinder and the uplink return hydraulic cylinder are fixed on the upper fixed beam, and the hydraulic cylinder is characterized in that:
the lower end of the piston rod of the downlink working hydraulic cylinder is provided with a connecting flange, the lower part of the connecting flange is provided with a guide shaft, the lower end of the guide shaft is fixedly connected with a hammer head, and a hammer head moving part formed by connecting the hammer head, the guide shaft, the connecting flange and the piston rod is formed;
at least two uplink return hydraulic cylinders are arranged, are symmetrical relative to the axis of the downlink working hydraulic cylinder and are positioned in the same plane, and two piston rods are fixed with the connecting flange;
the guide beam is movably connected to the upright post below the upper fixed beam and slides up and down along the upright post;
the guide beam is provided with a guide hole, and a guide shaft arranged at the lower part of the connecting flange penetrates the guide hole and forms clearance fit with the guide hole;
the two position tracking hydraulic cylinders are symmetrically arranged relative to the descending working hydraulic cylinder, the cylinder body is connected with the upper fixing beam, and the piston rod is connected with the guide beam;
the displacement sensing device is provided with an upper sensing point and a lower sensing point, the upper sensing point and the lower sensing point are arranged on the guide beam, the upper sensing point timely detects the relative position of the hammer head movement part and the upper sensing point, and the lower sensing point timely detects the relative position of the hammer head movement part and the lower sensing point.
When the quick forging machine works, the position tracking hydraulic cylinder drives the guide beam to a set position and is suspended at the height position; the hydraulic cylinder of the descending operation is filled with pressure oil, the hydraulic cylinder of the ascending return stroke is provided with a rod cavity for draining oil, a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder of the descending operation drives a guide shaft to move downwards through a guide hole, a hammer head rolls a workpiece, the hydraulic cylinder of the ascending return stroke is filled with the pressure oil, the hydraulic cylinder of the descending operation is drained, and the hammer head realizes return stroke; when the process or the size of the workpiece changes, and an upper sensing point and a lower sensing point in the displacement sensing device detect that the distance between the moving part of the hammer head and the upper sensing point or the lower sensing point reaches a set value, the displacement sensing device transmits a measured signal to a programmable controller, and instructs a position tracking hydraulic cylinder to drive a guide Liang Shishi to adjust a corresponding height position, and the hammer head is suspended at the height position, and continues to reciprocate, roll or return, so that the reciprocating stroke of the hammer head and the distance between the guide beam and the forging surface of the workpiece are always kept within a set range;
in the working cycle, the relative position of the hammer head moving part and the upper sensing point in the displacement sensing device is reduced during return, and when the relative position exceeds a set value, the guide beam rapidly moves upwards for a certain distance and is stopped at the position; and during the pressing delay, the relative position between the hammer head moving part and the lower sensing point in the displacement sensing device is reduced, and when the relative position exceeds a set value, the guide beam rapidly moves downwards for a certain distance and is stopped at the position, and the hammer head continuously reciprocates, rolls or returns.
In some embodiments, the downstream hydraulic cylinder is a master hydraulic cylinder, and the master hydraulic cylinder is a plunger cylinder.
In some embodiments, the downlink hydraulic cylinder is a combination of a main hydraulic cylinder and a plurality of side hydraulic cylinders, the main hydraulic cylinder is a plunger cylinder, the side hydraulic cylinder is a single-rod hydraulic cylinder, and piston rods of the side hydraulic cylinders are fixedly connected with the connecting flange.
Further, each two of the plurality of side hydraulic cylinders are in a group, the central axes of the two side hydraulic cylinders forming each hydraulic cylinder group are symmetrical relative to the central axis of the main hydraulic cylinder, and the central axes of the two side hydraulic cylinders are parallel and in the same plane, and the output pressure is the same.
In some embodiments, the guide shaft and the guide hole on the guide beam at the lower part of the connecting flange are circular in cross section, and keys for matching and positioning are respectively arranged on the guide shaft and the guide hole and are respectively arranged on the key grooves.
In some embodiments, the guide shaft and the guide hole on the guide beam at the lower part of the connecting flange are polygonal in cross section.
According to the invention, the hammer head is fixedly connected to the piston rod end of the downlink working hydraulic cylinder, the suspension guide beam is arranged on the upright post, and the guide hole is arranged on the guide beam, on one hand: the guide beam can float up and down according to the size change of the workpiece, and is tracked, adjusted and suspended at a set height position, and on the other hand: the guide holes on the guide beam provide good guide conditions for the reciprocation of the hammer, so that the linear speed of the hammer is increased by several times, and the working frequency and flexibility, stability and adaptability of forging high alloy steel of the hammer can be greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention in the initial position of a forged workpiece;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the position structure of the workpiece forging process according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of the first embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2;
fig. 4 is a schematic top view of the second embodiment of fig. 1 and 2.
In fig. 1, 2, 3, 4: the hydraulic device comprises an upper fixed beam 1, a main hydraulic cylinder 2, a plunger 201, a connecting flange 202, a guide shaft 203, a displacement sensing device 3, a guide beam 4, a column 5, a hammer head 6, a workpiece 7, a guide sleeve 8, a position tracking hydraulic cylinder 9, an uplink return hydraulic cylinder 10 and a side hydraulic cylinder 11.
Detailed Description
The invention is further explained below with reference to the drawings:
as shown in figures 1, 2 and 3, the number of the upright posts 5 is two; the upper fixed beam 1 is fixedly connected to the upper ends of the two upright posts 5; the cylinder bodies of the downlink working hydraulic cylinder and the uplink return hydraulic cylinder 10 are fixed on the upper fixed beam 1, a connecting flange 202 is arranged at the lower end of a piston rod of the downlink working hydraulic cylinder, a guide shaft 203 is arranged at the lower part of the connecting flange 202, the lower end of the guide shaft 203 is fixedly connected with a hammer head 6, and a hammer head moving part formed by connecting the hammer head 6, the guide shaft 203, the connecting flange 202 and the piston rod is formed; the two ascending return hydraulic cylinders 10 are symmetrical relative to the axis of the main hydraulic cylinder 2 of the descending working hydraulic cylinder and are positioned in the same plane, and the two piston rods are fixed with the connecting flange 202; the guide beam 4 is movably connected to the upright post 5 below the upper fixed beam 1 and slides up and down along the upright post 5; the two position tracking hydraulic cylinders 9 are arranged, the two tracking hydraulic cylinders 9 are symmetrical relative to the axis of the main hydraulic cylinder 2 of the descending working hydraulic cylinder, the cylinder body is connected with the upper fixed beam 1, and the piston rod is connected with the guide beam 4; the guide beam 4 is provided with a guide sleeve 8, and a guide shaft 203 arranged at the lower part of the connecting flange 202 penetrates the guide sleeve 8 and forms clearance fit with the guide sleeve 8; the displacement sensing device 3 is provided with an upper sensing point and a lower sensing point which are arranged on the guide beam 4, the upper sensing point timely detects the relative position of the hammer head moving part and the upper sensing point, and the lower sensing point timely detects the relative position of the hammer head moving part and the lower sensing point.
In a first embodiment of the present invention,
as shown in figures 1, 2 and 3, a main hydraulic cylinder 2 is arranged on an upper fixed beam 1 and is used as a downlink working hydraulic cylinder, and the main hydraulic cylinder 2 is a plunger cylinder; the cross section of the guide shaft 203 at the lower part of the connecting flange 202 and the guide hole of the guide sleeve 8 is polygonal, and the polygonal shaft and the polygonal hole form clearance fit.
In a second embodiment of the present invention,
as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 4, a main hydraulic cylinder 2 and two or four side hydraulic cylinders 11 are arranged on an upper fixed beam 1, each two side hydraulic cylinders are in a group, the central axes of the two side hydraulic cylinders 11 of each group are parallel and symmetrical relative to the central axis of the main hydraulic cylinder 2, the output pressure is the same, and piston rods in the arranged side hydraulic cylinders 11 are fixedly connected with a connecting flange 202 to form a downlink hydraulic cylinder combined by the main hydraulic cylinder 2 and the side hydraulic cylinders 11; the sections of the guide shaft 203 at the lower part of the connecting flange 202 and the guide holes on the guide sleeve 8 are circular, the guide shaft 203 and the guide sleeve 8 form clearance fit, and keys for matching and positioning are respectively arranged on the guide shaft 203 and the guide sleeve 8 and are in key grooves.
When the invention works, as shown in figures 1 and 2, the position tracking hydraulic cylinder 9 drives the guide beam 4 to a set position and is suspended at the height position; the main hydraulic cylinder 2 or a descending working hydraulic cylinder combined by the main hydraulic cylinder 2 and the side hydraulic cylinder 11 is filled with pressure oil, the ascending return hydraulic cylinder 10 is provided with a rod cavity for draining oil, a plunger 201 of the main hydraulic cylinder 2 drives a guide shaft 203 to move downwards through a guide hole, a hammer head 6 rolls a workpiece 7, the ascending return hydraulic cylinder 10 is provided with the rod cavity for filling pressure oil, the main hydraulic cylinder 2 is drained, and the hammer head 6 realizes return stroke; when the process or the size of the workpiece changes, and the upper sensing point and the lower sensing point in the displacement sensing device 3 detect that the distance between the hammer head moving part and the upper sensing point or the lower sensing point reaches a set value, the displacement sensing device 3 transmits a measured signal to a programmable controller, the instruction position tracking hydraulic cylinder 9 drives the guide beam 4 to adjust the corresponding height position in time, and the guide beam is suspended at the height position, the hammer head 6 continues to reciprocate, roll or return, so that the reciprocating stroke of the hammer head 6 and the distance between the guide beam 4 and the forging surface of the workpiece 7 are always kept within a set range.
In the above-mentioned working cycle, during return stroke, the relative position of the hammer head movement part and the upper sensing point in the displacement sensing device 3 becomes smaller, and when exceeding the set value, the guide beam 4 rapidly moves upwards for a certain distance and is suspended at the position; when the relative position of the hammer head moving part and the lower sensing point in the displacement sensing device 3 becomes smaller in the time delay, and when the relative position exceeds a set value, the guide beam 4 rapidly moves downwards for a certain distance and is stopped at the position, the hammer head 6 continues to reciprocate, and the workpiece 6 or the return stroke is rolled, so that the guide beam 4 always keeps the optimal set distance from the forging surface on the forging work 7, and the optimal stable guide effect of the guide hole of the guide beam 4 on the guide shaft 203 is realized.