CN108540214B - Broadband phase equalization method suitable for array transponder - Google Patents
Broadband phase equalization method suitable for array transponder Download PDFInfo
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- CN108540214B CN108540214B CN201810245883.0A CN201810245883A CN108540214B CN 108540214 B CN108540214 B CN 108540214B CN 201810245883 A CN201810245883 A CN 201810245883A CN 108540214 B CN108540214 B CN 108540214B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/19—Earth-synchronous stations
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
- H04B17/40—Monitoring; Testing of relay systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/1851—Systems using a satellite or space-based relay
- H04B7/18513—Transmission in a satellite or space-based system
Abstract
A broadband phase equalization method suitable for an array transponder balances the phase imbalance in the full bandwidth of a multichannel system link of the array transponder or a multichannel active single machine in the system through the dispersion characteristic of a transmission line, and achieves the aim of controlling the phase equalization in the full working bandwidth of the array transponder. The invention mainly aims at the effective load of the stationary orbit mobile communication satellite using the array transponder, and the method provided by the invention can realize the requirement of the array transponder on the phase consistency in the multichannel full-working bandwidth, improve the main performance indexes related to the phase consistency, such as the power concentration capability, the beam forming precision and the like of the array transponder, and improve the performance of the array transponder.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a static orbit mobile communication satellite payload technology, in particular to a broadband phase equalization method suitable for an array transponder.
Background
Array transponders are the core technology of stationary orbit mobile communication satellites and usually comprise tens of or even hundreds of receiving and transmitting channels. In order to realize dynamic power allocation, a Butler matrix and a solid-state amplifier are generally applied to a transmitting channel to form dynamic power allocation, and the amplitude-phase consistency of dozens of paths of solid-state amplifiers influences the output power and the synthesis efficiency, so that the beam forming is influenced; the receiving channel usually adopts tens of even hundreds of low-noise amplifiers to simultaneously receive user signals, the amplitude-phase consistency of the low-noise amplifiers will influence the formation of beams, so the components influencing the amplitude-phase consistency of the transmitting-receiving channel of the array transponder mainly comprise the low-noise amplifiers and solid-state amplifiers, and the amplitude-phase consistency of the solid-state amplifiers and the low-noise amplifiers is a key control point.
Although the amplitude and phase of each unit can be made to be consistent as much as possible by the control points, the implementation difficulty of the control means is high, the implemented phase consistency control precision is limited, the phase consistency effect of the system is often not good by controlling the phase consistency of the unit alone, and therefore, articles need to be made on the phase consistency control work in the integration stage of the array repeater system.
One of the commonly used amplitude-phase consistency compensation techniques is to implement phase compensation of a certain central frequency point (a certain fixed frequency point) by using a phase shifter, for example, the phase compensation method is described in "an integrated calibration system and calibration method applicable to different active array antennas". The phase compensation capability of the phase shifter is limited, so that the phase shifter is generally only suitable for compensating the channel phase difference within one period, and has certain limitation.
Another commonly used amplitude-phase consistency compensation technique is to use a transmission line to implement phase compensation at a central frequency point (a fixed frequency point) within a bandwidth, without considering dispersion characteristics between different frequencies, such as the phase compensation method described in "a multi-channel phase compensation circuit and method". The patent teaches a full-bandwidth internal phase equalization method, which is suitable for phase equalization of a broadband system, and is completely different from the application range and implementation steps of the patent.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem solved by the invention is as follows: the method overcomes the defects of the prior art, provides a broadband phase equalization method suitable for an array transponder, balances the phase imbalance in the full bandwidth of a multichannel system link of the array transponder or a multichannel active single machine in the system through the dispersion characteristic of a transmission line, and achieves the aim of controlling the phase equalization in the full working bandwidth of the array transponder.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows: a broadband phase equalization method suitable for an array transponder comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: respectively testing phase curves of a plurality of microwave channels of the array transponder by using a vector network analyzer so as to obtain phase values of the plurality of microwave channels at a central frequency point, a highest frequency point and a lowest frequency point of a working bandwidth of the array transponder;
the second step is that: calculating the phase difference value between the lowest frequency point and the highest frequency point of each microwave channel to be used as a dispersion value in the working bandwidth of the corresponding microwave channel, using the microwave channel corresponding to the maximum dispersion value as a reference channel, and carrying out normalization processing on the dispersion values of other microwave channels;
the third step: calculating the number of cycles of the compensation transmission line of each microwave channel according to the dispersion value of each normalized microwave channel;
the fourth step: calculating to obtain a phase compensation value of each microwave channel central frequency point relative to a transmission line of the reference channel central frequency point;
the fifth step: and calculating to obtain the transmission line phase value of each microwave channel relative to the reference channel, which needs to be compensated, according to the compensation transmission line cycle number of each microwave channel and the transmission line phase compensation value.
The method for calculating the number of the compensation transmission line cycles of each microwave channel according to the dispersion value of each normalized microwave channel comprises the following steps:
(1) acquiring a dispersion value after normalization processing of each microwave channel of the array transponder;
(2) and respectively dividing the dispersion value subjected to normalization processing of each microwave channel by a phase difference value caused by the working bandwidth of the array transponder, and then rounding up the calculation result to obtain the number of cycles of the compensation transmission line of each microwave channel.
The phase difference value caused by the working bandwidth of the array repeater
The calculation method comprises the following steps:
(1) let the working frequency band of the array transponder be [ f ]L,fH]Center frequency point of f0；
(2) Calculating to obtain the phase difference value caused by the working bandwidth of the array transponder
The method for calculating the phase compensation value of each microwave channel central frequency point relative to the transmission line of the reference channel central frequency point in the fourth step comprises the following steps:
and performing difference on the phase value of the central frequency point of the current microwave channel and the phase value of the reference channel at the central frequency point.
The method for calculating the transmission line phase value to be compensated of each microwave channel relative to the reference channel according to the compensation transmission line cycle number and the transmission line phase compensation value of each microwave channel comprises the following steps: the current microwave channel compensates the transmission line period number 360 ° + the transmission line phase value that the current microwave channel needs to compensate relative to the reference channel.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) the invention balances the phase imbalance in the full bandwidth of a multi-channel system link of the array transponder or a multi-channel active single machine in the system through the dispersion characteristic of the transmission line, instead of the existing phase consistency control technology on a certain frequency point, solves the phase equalization problem in the full working bandwidth of the array transponder, and improves the performance index of the array transponder in the whole bandwidth;
(2) the invention realizes the phase equalization of the multi-channel system link of the array transponder or the multi-channel active single machine in the system through the transmission line, because the multi-channel system link of the array transponder comprises the transmission line, the length of the transmission line of different channels is set according to the multi-channel phase difference, the phase consistency control purpose of the multi-channel system can be achieved, the development cost of an effective load system is not additionally increased, the invention is different from the technology of adding a phase shifter to realize the phase compensation or control, and the invention has the advantages of low cost, simplicity, rapidness, high reliability and the like compared with the prior art.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a 3 x 3 scale model of the phase equalization of an array transponder system;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing comparison before and after phase equalization of 8 channels of an array repeater (8 × 8); fig. 3(a) is a schematic diagram of a phase consistency actual measurement result before phase consistency equalization of 8 lanes of the array repeater (8 × 8), and fig. 3(b) is a schematic diagram of a phase consistency actual measurement result after phase consistency equalization of 8 lanes of the array repeater (8 × 8).
Detailed Description
The invention overcomes the defects of the prior art, provides a broadband phase equalization method suitable for an array transponder, and balances the phase imbalance in the full bandwidth of a multichannel system link or a multichannel active single machine in the system of the array transponder through the dispersion characteristic of a transmission line so as to achieve the control aim of the phase equalization of the array transponder.
The specific idea of the phase equalization method of the invention is as follows: the phase of the microwave channel with a relatively long phase + the phase of the corresponding short transmission line is the phase of the microwave channel with a relatively short phase + the phase of the corresponding long transmission line, and the transmission lines are used for realizing the balance of phase consistency in the bandwidth of the microwave channels and realizing the phase consistency of each microwave channel of the system;
dispersion characteristics of transmission line: the fixed length transmission line is different in phase corresponding to different frequency points within the bandwidth, and the phase shift becomes larger as the frequency increases;
assuming that the length of one transmission line is within the working frequency band fL,fH]Central frequency point f0A wavelength λ of0I.e. the transmission line is at the central frequency f0Is 360 deg., where fL、fHRespectively, the lowest frequency and the highest frequency of the working frequency band, because
Wherein c is the speed of light, εrλ is the dielectric constant of the transmission line, λ is the wavelength, and f is the frequency.
Therefore:
wherein λL、λ0、λHThe wavelengths corresponding to the lowest frequency point, the central frequency point and the highest frequency point are respectively.
Then
It can be deduced that: length of lambda0Is in fLThe phase value of the frequency point is:
length of lambda0Is in fHThe phase value of the frequency point is:
in frequency band [ fL,fH]Transmission line of one wavelength at the center frequency point may cause fHAnd fLThe phase value difference is
This is the dispersion characteristic of the transmission line over the operating bandwidth.
The steps of the full-bandwidth intra-phase equalization method are described below by taking the phase consistency among the array repeaters with the size of 3 × 3 as an example, and a 3 × 3 array repeater phase equalization model is shown in fig. 1.
The first step is as follows: in [ fL,fH]In the frequency band, phase values of three microwave channels of the array transponder are tested by using a vector network analyzer, and the phase values of the three microwave channels (the labels are respectively CH1, CH2 and CH3) at f are respectively recordedL、f0、fHThe phase values at the frequency points are respectively:
the second step is that: respectively calculate the dispersion values of the three channels as
Comparing the dispersion values of the three channels, wherein the channel corresponding to the maximum dispersion value is the microwave channel with the longest phase, taking the channel with the longest phase as a reference channel, assuming CH2 as the reference channel, and normalizing the three difference values, the normalized data form is:
the third step: calculating the number of the compensation transmission line periods: dividing the data result of the normalization of CH1 and CH3 by
(in the working bandwidth of the array transponder, a transmission line with a phase value of 360 degrees at the central frequency point, and the phase difference value tested at the highest frequency point and the lowest frequency point is the working bandwidth of the transmission lineInternal dispersion characteristic) are obtained respectively
And
rounding the result to obtain the number of periods of CH1, CH3 relative to the transmission line that CH2 needs to compensate, which is expressed as: n1 and N3;
the fourth step: calculating a phase compensation value of the center frequency point transmission line: respectively calculating the phase difference of the center frequency points between CH2 and CH1 and CH3, namely:
and
respectively recording as:
and
the fifth step: according to the compensation transmission line period number and the center frequency point transmission line phase compensation value calculated in the third step and the fourth step, the transmission line phase values of CH1 and CH3 which need to be compensated relative to CH2 can be calculated, and are respectively:
and
when the phase equalization transmission lines 1-3 are manufactured, the transmission lines connected with CH1 and CH3 are respectively longer than the transmission lines connected with CH2
And
can realize transmissionLine-to-line array transponders provide phase equalization within the full bandwidth for multi-channel phase consistency.
The above steps are implemented as a flow chart shown in fig. 2, according to the above method steps, phase equalization within the full bandwidth of an array transponder with the scale of 8 x 8 is realized in a certain engineering application, as shown in fig. 3, phase consistency actual measurement results before and after the phase equalization are respectively shown, fig. 3(a) can show that, except for the difference of the central frequency point phase within ± 6 degrees, a certain frequency point within the whole bandwidth has a maximum period difference of 2 periods (the normalized phase curve slope difference is large, namely the maximum number of periods calculated according to the third step is 2) in addition to the difference of the central frequency point phase within the absolute phase of the 8 array transponder channels before the phase equalization, namely the maximum absolute phase difference between the channels is about 720 degrees, after the coaxial cable phase equalization, as can be seen from fig. 3(b), the absolute phases of the 8 channels are all within one period (the normalized phase curve slope difference is small, the maximum number of the periods calculated according to the third step is less than 0.5, and the whole period is 0), and the absolute phase differences in the full bandwidth of the 8 channels are improved to be within +/-2.5 degrees.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that those matters not described in detail in the present specification are well known in the art.
Claims (1)
1. A broadband phase equalization method suitable for an array transponder is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the first step is as follows: respectively testing phase curves of a plurality of microwave channels of the array transponder by using a vector network analyzer so as to obtain phase values of the plurality of microwave channels at a central frequency point, a highest frequency point and a lowest frequency point of a working bandwidth of the array transponder;
the second step is that: calculating the phase difference value between the lowest frequency point and the highest frequency point of each microwave channel to be used as a dispersion value in the working bandwidth of the corresponding microwave channel, using the microwave channel corresponding to the maximum dispersion value as a reference channel, and carrying out normalization processing on the dispersion values of other microwave channels;
the third step: calculating the number of cycles of the compensation transmission line of each microwave channel according to the dispersion value of each normalized microwave channel; the method comprises the following steps: obtaining the normalized position of each microwave channel of the array transponderA processed dispersion value; respectively dividing the dispersion value subjected to normalization processing of each microwave channel by a phase difference value caused by the working bandwidth of the array transponder, and then rounding up the calculation result to obtain the number of cycles of the compensation transmission line of each microwave channel; wherein the phase difference value caused by the working bandwidth of the array repeater
The calculation method comprises the following steps: let the working frequency band of the array transponder be [ f ]L,fH]Center frequency point of f0(ii) a Calculating to obtain the phase difference value caused by the working bandwidth of the array transponder
The fourth step: calculating to obtain a phase compensation value of each microwave channel central frequency point relative to a transmission line of the reference channel central frequency point; the method comprises the following steps: carrying out difference on the phase value of the central frequency point of the current microwave channel and the phase value of the reference channel at the central frequency point;
the fifth step: calculating to obtain a transmission line phase value which needs to be compensated relative to the reference channel of each microwave channel according to the compensation transmission line periodicity of each microwave channel and the transmission line phase compensation value; the method comprises the following steps: the current microwave channel compensates the transmission line period number 360 ° + the transmission line phase value that the current microwave channel needs to compensate relative to the reference channel.
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| CN112698137B (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2024-03-26 | 陕西华达科技股份有限公司 | Method and system for testing consistency of amplitude and phase along with temperature variation |
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