CN108539779A - Total power variable-ratio pumped storage based on MMC - Google Patents
Total power variable-ratio pumped storage based on MMC Download PDFInfo
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- CN108539779A CN108539779A CN201810136171.5A CN201810136171A CN108539779A CN 108539779 A CN108539779 A CN 108539779A CN 201810136171 A CN201810136171 A CN 201810136171A CN 108539779 A CN108539779 A CN 108539779A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/60—Planning or developing urban green infrastructure
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation
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- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of total power variable-ratio pumped storage based on MMC for belonging to distribution technique field, include by the generator unit stator of ac cable sequential series, total power transverter, transformer and power grid；Total power transverter is using the concatenated net side transverter of ac capacitor and pusher side transverter two parts, and net side transverter and pusher side transverter are all using the topological structure of MMC；Total power variable-ratio hydroenergy storage station changes rotating speed to improve the operational efficiency and adjustable range of pump turbine by pusher side transverter, realize that active and reactive power quickly controls by net side transverter, make hydroenergy storage station when facing load fluctuation and various power source changes, can play the role of maintaining network voltage, frequency stabilization.It realizes that total power variable-ratio pump-storage generator is grid-connected using the topological structure of MMC, harmonic content caused by power electronic devices is effectively reduced while improving power grid power quality, and the triggering frequency of individual devices is low, effectively extend device lifetime.
Description
Patent field
The present invention relates to distribution technique fields, in particular to one kind being based on MMC (Modular Multi-level
Converter, MMC) total power variable-ratio pumped storage.
Background technology
As the stable power-supplyings power supply such as nuclear power, overcritical large capacity power plant increasingly increases in power grid, wind-powered electricity generation, photovoltaic generation etc.
The intermittent renewable energy utilizes on a large scale, and proportion increasingly increases in power grid, and the stable operation of power grid is made to become more
It is difficult.Power system stability operation refers to maintaining the frequency and voltage stabilization of system in a certain range, being gulped down by energy-storage system
Power is spat, is the important channel for maintaining system stable operation.
Currently, the energy storage technology that China is applied to electric system only has water-storage and chemical energy storage.Hydroenergy storage station
Flexible operation is reliable, change working is rapid, environmental pressure is small, be it is generally acknowledged till now it is most ripe, most economical, capacity is maximum
Energy storage mode.It can be used for peak load shifting, smooth scale regenerative resource output power.
However in practice, constant speed pump-storage generator can only adjust input work under operating mode of pumping up water by guide vane opening
Rate, adjustable range is small, and response speed is slow, cannot be satisfied the power grid requirement that quick and precisely frequency is adjusted；On the other hand, unit is being sent out
Under electrician's condition, since upper and lower dam water level changes simultaneously, change of water level is larger, and for different heads, generate electricity optimum efficiency pair
The rotating speed answered is different, it is therefore desirable to the variable speed generation of pump-storage generator, to reach best generating efficiency.In addition, being taken out with constant speed
Water accumulation of energy unit is compared, and variable-ratio unit can also provide system and automatically control capacity, is adapted to wider head range and is improved operation
Efficiency realizes the quick adjusting of active power, improves the stability of unit operation, converter plant can be used to carry out pump operating condition
Start, optimizes the design of civil engineering.These are for keeping power network safety operation to be of great significance.
Present invention aims at by the way that MMC to be applied to the power conversion of total power pump-storage generator, realize wattful power
The quick adjusting of rate and reactive power, to realize the stability contorting of network voltage and frequency.
Invention content
To achieve the goals above, the present invention proposes a kind of total power variable-ratio pumped storage based on MMC,
It is characterized in that, which includes generator unit stator, total power transverter, transformer and power grid, passes through ac cable sequential series
Together；；Wherein total power transverter is divided into use the concatenated net side transverter of capacitance and pusher side transverter two parts, net side
Transverter according to power instruction balance active power and reactive power, the control algolithm based on d-q decouplings realize it is active with it is idle
Decoupling control；Pusher side transverter adjusts output frequency when DC bus-bar voltage changes, to the rotating speed of regulation motor, with this
Change rotor kinetic energy and realizes power regulation；Net side transverter and pusher side transverter all use the topological structure of MMC.
The topological structure of the MMC is bridge type topological structure, and the upper and lower bridge arm of the bridge type topological structure is respectively in series with N number of
Submodule, upper and lower bridge arm are connected by respective reactor with power supply respectively.
The submodule number N is by DC voltage UdcWith the single submodule voltage UcIt is common to determine, and N=Udc/Uc。
It is that the submodule is made of two concatenated power electronic devices and a DC storage capacitor and be coupled
Structure；Each submodule is two end element, is realized in full module in the case of two kinds of directional currents by switching
It is converted between voltage and 0 voltage；And according to sense of current difference, realize the charge or discharge of capacitance.
Respectively there are one diodes for two inverse parallels at the both ends of described two concatenated power electronic devices.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：
Total power variable-ratio hydroenergy storage station changes rotating speed to improve the operation of pump turbine by pusher side transverter
Efficiency and adjustable range, by net side transverter realize active and reactive power quickly control, make hydroenergy storage station face it is negative
When lotus is fluctuated with power source changes such as large nuclear-power factory, thermal power plant and regenerative resources, it can play and maintain network voltage, frequency steady
Fixed effect.
It realizes that total power variable-ratio pump-storage generator is grid-connected using MMC topological structures, improves power grid power quality；Together
When, harmonic content caused by power electronic devices can be effectively reduced, and the triggering frequency of individual devices is low, effectively extends device
Service life.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that the present invention is based on the main loop wiring in the total power variable-ratio pumped storage embodiment of MMC
Figure；
Fig. 2 is the circuit topology figure of MMC total power transverters in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the sub-modular structure figure of MMC transverters in the embodiment of the present invention；
Specific implementation mode
The total power variable-ratio pumped storage based on MMC that the present invention provides a kind of, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specifically
Invention is further described in detail for embodiment.
As shown in Figure 1, the system includes generator based on the embodiment of total power variable-ratio pumped storage of MMC
Stator, total power transverter, transformer and power grid, are sequentially and serially coupled together by ac cable；Wherein total power transverter point
To use the net side transverter and pusher side transverter two parts of ac cable sequential series；
Total power transverter (Full size converter, FSC) is one connected between generator unit stator and power grid
Transverter (frequency converter) identical with generator power；The transverter uses modularization multi-level converter MMC (Modular
Multi-level Converter) topological structure, for realizing the power conversion of unit, and realize network voltage and frequency
The stability contorting of rate；The voltage that the transverter the sends out generator electric energy different with frequency first passes through rectification and inversion to become
After electric energy identical with network voltage and frequency, power grid is inputted, is that the electric energy that the hydraulic turbine is sent out is connected to the unique logical of power grid
Road.
Total power transverter (FSC) is divided into net side transverter and pusher side transverter two parts：Net side transverter and power grid phase
Even, net side transverter is according to power instruction balance active power and reactive power, under the premise of network voltage is kept constant, leads to
The active decoupling control with reactive power is realized in the output for crossing flexibly control three-phase current；Pusher side transverter and motor stator phase
Even, pusher side transverter realizes active and idle decoupling control based on the d-q control algolithms decoupled；Pusher side transverter is in direct current mother
Line voltage adjusts output frequency when changing, and to the rotating speed of regulation motor, changes rotor kinetic energy with this and realizes power regulation, work as net
When the active power of side transverter fluctuates, DC bus-bar voltage changes therewith, turns by adjusting output frequency adjustment motor
Speed finally realizes the control of mechanical output by the adjustment and governor of rotor kinetic energy to the adjustment of water flow, the purpose is to
Net side transverter and motor are connected, maintains DC bus-bar voltage constant, ensures the balance control of pusher side and net side active power；Net
Side transverter and pusher side transverter are connected in series using ac cable, and are all the topology knot of modularization multi-level converter MMC
Structure.
As shown in Fig. 2, the circuit topology figure of MMC total power transverters；Modularization multi-level converter MMC (Modular
Multi-level Converter) it is bridge type topological structure, upper and lower bridge arm is respectively in series with N number of submodule (SM), upper and lower bridge arm point
Do not pass through respective reactor (L0) be connected with three-phase alternating-current supply；The main function of wherein reactor is to provide circulation impedance,
Limit bridge arm between circulation, simultaneously effective reduce current-rising-rate when inverter inside or external fault, make device compared with
It is turned off under low over-current level.
In figure, L0For the inductance value of bridge arm reactor；Uni1It is the three of the ideal transformer pair side being connected with net side transverter
Phase ac voltage, Uni1In subscript i represent a, b, c three-phase；Uni2For the ideal transformer pair being connected with pusher side transverter
The three-phase alternating voltage value on side, Uni2In subscript i represent a, b, c three-phase；reqIndicate the equivalent electricity of line and transformer loss
Resistance；UdFor DC voltage.
Fig. 3 is MMC transverter sub-modular structure figures；Half-bridge that submodule is made of 2 power electronic devices, 2 it is anti-simultaneously
Union II pole pipe and DC storage capacitor composition, 2 power electronic devices form cascaded structures, the cascaded structure and one
DC storage capacitor by constituting the submodule of parallel-connection structure, the both ends of two concatenated power electronic devices respectively two it is anti-
It is in parallel that there are one diodes；Each submodule is two end element, can pass through switch in the case of 2 kinds of directional currents
Realization is converted between full module voltage and 0 voltage；According to sense of current difference, the charge and discharge of capacitance may be implemented；Direct current
Storage capacitor is visually independent direct voltage source, and full module voltage Uc is provided for submodule；
In figure 3, USMFor the port output voltage of submodule；ISMThe electric current of bridge arm where submodule；C is submodule
Capacitance；VT1、VT2And VD1、VD2The half-bridge device that IGBT and anti-paralleled diode are constituted in submodule is indicated respectively, wherein instead
Parallel diode is device voltage stabilizing, and provides charging and discharging circuit.
Selection for each element in submodule, from MMC submodules operation principle it is found that VT1And VT2Collector-emitter
Between the voltage that is born be exactly that submodule capacitor voltage (works as VT1VT is connected2When shutdown, VT2Collector-emitter voltage is electricity
Hold voltage；Work as VT1Turn off VT2When conducting, VT1Collector-emitter voltage is capacitance voltage), so VT1And VT2Collector with
Voltage effective value U between emitterT,rmsWith peak value UT,peakIt is equal with the virtual value of submodule capacitor voltage and peak value respectively.
And diode VD1And VD2Inverse parallel is in VT respectively1And VT2On, voltage parameter respectively with VT1And VT2Unanimously, therefore, inverse parallel
Diode VD1And VD2Voltage effective value UD,rmsWith voltage peak UD,peakAlso with the virtual value of submodule capacitor voltage and peak value
It is equal.
The submodule number N of each bridge arms of MMC is by DC voltage UdcWith single submodule voltage UcIt is common to determine, i.e. N=Udc/
Uc.The quantity of obvious N also influences whether the total harmonic distortion factor of output voltage, because the size of N decides what MMC can be exported
Maximum level number.As N≤20, i.e., when level number is less than 21, the total harmonic distortion THD of output line voltage is by subtracting with level number
It is small and significantly increase, and work as N>When 20, line voltage THD is relatively low, and with the increase of level number, the reduction degree of THD is not
Greatly.
When choosing IGBT module, the value of rated current is set to 2 times of on-state average current, and voltage pressure resistance value is straight
The allowance of 0.4 times of DC voltage is superimposed on the basis of stream side voltage.
Determination for the capacitance size applied in module changes the work of submodule in modularization multi-level converter
The control that may be implemented to export inverter as state, whether submodule capacitor voltage, which is stablized, determines inverter output waveforms
Quality.Therefore, in MMC submodule capacitance selections, should focus on, according to voltage fluctuation of capacitor situation, to choose suitable device.
The voltage and current expression formula of AC and DC side is write by arranging respectively, according to alternating current-direct current side instantaneous power conservation, suddenly
Higher hamonic wave slightly in two frequency multiplication negative sequence component of electric current and voltage, following formula should be met by obtaining the size of MMC submodule capacitances C：
Wherein, S is MMC rated capacities, and m is voltage modulated ratio, and ε is voltage fluctuation of capacitor coefficient, and ω is output voltage angle
Frequency, N are the number of submodule on a bridge arm, UCFor submodule capacitor voltage,Power between output voltage and electric current
Factor angle.
For the size of inductance value in MMC submodules, inhibition ring can be played per the inductance connected between phase upper and lower bridge arm
The effect of stream can inhibit dash current in short-term in single-phase generation short circuit.It is to what bridge arm reactor value played a decisive role
Bridge arm reactance value must avoid two frequency multiplication circulation resonance angular frequencies.
Wherein ω is output voltage angular frequency, and C is submodule capacitance,S is MMC rated capacities, I2f_aFor
2 harmonics of one phase current, UdcFor DC voltage.
To realize good control and harmonic characterisitic, for the MMC transverters applied to total power variable-ratio water-storage,
Using phase-shifting carrier wave control strategy (carrier phase-shifted SPWM, CPS-SPWM).Its specific embodiment is, right
N number of submodule in each bridge arm, is all made of the SPWM compared with low switching frequency, their corresponding triangular carriers is made to remove successively
The phase angle of 1/N the triangular carrier cycles, i.e. 2 π/N, then be compared with same sinusoidal modulation wave, use embodiments above
It is produced go out N group PWM modulation wave signals, respectively drive N number of submodule unit, determine they be input or excision.It will throw
Each submodule output voltage U enteredSMIt is superimposed, obtain the bridge arm output voltage waveforms of MMC.
After the output waveform superposition of N number of submodule, the Fourier space expression formula for always exporting u (t) waveform is as follows, in formula
Subscript T is the output variable of the entire MMC using phase-shifting carrier wave control strategy modulation strategy.
It include following component in output spectrum：
1) fundametal compoment.As k=1, fundametal compoment can be obtained：
In formula：N is number of modules；UCFor submodule capacitor voltage；UtrFor triangle wave amplitude；QmodTo modulate wave amplitude.
2) carrier component.As k=mN λ, m=1,2 ... ∞, carrier harmonics can be obtained：
Wherein J0() is 0 rank Bessel function；λ is frequency modulation(PFM) ratio.
3) sideband harmonic component.As k=mN λ+t, m=1,2 ... ∞, t=± 1 when ± 2, ± 3 ..., has
Jp () is p rank Bessel functions in formula
By above-mentioned three formula as it can be seen that using N number of submodule output voltage of CPS-SPWM for N times of single submodule, and it is in
Linear Amplifer；Equivalent switching frequency improves N times, and when N is even number, carrier harmonics are not present；When mN λ+t are even number, side
Band harmonic wave is not present.Therefore, which can realize the effect of higher equivalent switching frequency under lower devices switch frequency, tool
There is good harmonic characterisitic.
In the same phase element of MMC, the mutual reverse phase of modulating wave of upper and lower 2 bridge arms should be made, it is every at any time in this way
The be triggered number of modules of input of upper and lower 2 bridge arms is complementary to N in a phase element, each at any time mutually single to ensure
Member has N number of submodule to put into.The phase angle of modulating wave refers to following table.
The phase angle of 1 each bridge arm modulating wave of table
Control for total power transverter, it is unfavorable since three phase static symmetric coordinates system (a, b, c) is time-varying of ac
In Control System Design, therefore for pusher side and net side transverter, when design, is all made of the control method of d-q decouplings；Wherein, d
Axis and q shaft currents individually control active power and reactive power.Meanwhile making to eliminate the coupling between d-axis and quadrature axis
With, and the interference that grid disturbances are brought is excluded, total power inverter design is feed forward decoupling control；Using voltage and current
Double circle structure, current inner loop are d-q decoupling controls.Outer ring controller is carried according to different active and reactive control targes, calculating
For inner ring current reference value；The input outer shroud of interior ring controller calculates the d-axis and quadrature axis current reference value id_ref, iq_ of gained
Ref and direct current and quadrature axis current id, iq ensure entire system to realize the independent control of active component and reactive component
The normal operation of system；
Under generation mode, in up and down dam water level change simultaneously, therefore in entire power generation process, change of water level is larger；
For different heads, the corresponding rotating speed of power generation optimum efficiency is different；The speed of rotor can be adjusted by controlling the frequency of excitation
Degree, exports best power when to realize different heads, efficiency can usually be made to improve 3%~5%.In addition, leading to when generating operation mode
Set speed adjustment is crossed, also can change output power in wide range, to realize grid power balance control.Under electronic mode, work(
Rate is directly controlled by motor speed, and the power that power grid absorbs is directly proportional to 3 powers of rotating speed.When motor speed changes, just
The power between power grid and the hydraulic turbine can significantly be adjusted.I.e. when rotating speed increases 10%, theoretical charging pump input power
It is corresponding to increase 33.1%；When rotating speed reduces by 10%, water pump input power accordingly reduces 27.1%.Rotating speed has a small amount of variation, defeated
Entering power will significantly alter, so as to realize the regulation and control of grid power balance；
For variable-ratio pump-storage generator, it can not only automatic Tracking Frequency of Power Grids variation adjustment pump turbine input
Power, to provide corresponding Automatic Frequency Control capacity for electric system；Can also significantly it be subtracted by reducing rotating speed operation
Small water pump input power can reduce the impact to power grid that is, when starting of pump station.In addition, variable-ratio unit is in hydraulic turbine shaft work
In the case that rate remains unchanged, by the electric current for adjusting rotor field coil, so that it may to realize active power output and idle output
Individually adjust, thus to such as Voltage Instability that power grid occurs, the wild effects such as low-frequency oscillation have certain inhibiting effect, carry
The stability contorting ability of high system.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of total power variable-ratio pumped storage based on MMC, which is characterized in that the system include generator unit stator,
Total power transverter, transformer and power grid, are sequentially and serially coupled together by ac cable；Wherein total power transverter is divided into make
With the concatenated net side transverter of capacitance and pusher side transverter two parts, net side transverter according to power instruction balance active power and
Reactive power, the control algolithm based on d-q decouplings realize active and idle decoupling control；Pusher side transverter is in DC bus electricity
Output frequency is adjusted when buckling, to the rotating speed of regulation motor, rotor kinetic energy is changed with this and realizes power regulation；The net side change of current
Device and pusher side transverter all use the topological structure of MMC.
2. a kind of total power variable-ratio pumped storage based on MMC according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
The topological structure for stating MMC is bridge type topological structure, and the upper and lower bridge arm of the bridge type topological structure is respectively in series with N number of submodule, on
Lower bridge arm is connected by respective reactor with power supply respectively.
3. a kind of total power variable-ratio pumped storage based on MMC according to claim 2, which is characterized in that institute
Submodule number N is stated by DC voltage UdcWith the single submodule voltage UcIt is common to determine, and N=Udc/Uc。
4. a kind of total power variable-ratio pumped storage based on MMC according to claim 2, which is characterized in that institute
State the parallel-connection structure that submodule is made of two concatenated power electronic devices and a DC storage capacitor；Each submodule
Block is all two end element, is realized between full module voltage and 0 voltage in the case of two kinds of directional currents by switching
Conversion；And according to sense of current difference, realize the charge or discharge of capacitance.
5. a kind of total power variable-ratio pumped storage based on MMC according to claim 4, which is characterized in that institute
Stating the both ends of two concatenated power electronic devices, respectively there are one diodes for two inverse parallels.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111355260A (en) * | 2020-02-11 | 2020-06-30 | 北京科诺伟业科技股份有限公司 | Full-power variable-speed reversible pumped storage unit converter power control method |
| CN113922341A (en) * | 2021-09-28 | 2022-01-11 | 国网福建省电力有限公司南平供电公司 | Transformer substation simulation power transmission device and control method thereof |
| CN114640141A (en) * | 2022-05-17 | 2022-06-17 | 浙江大学 | Network-building type fan control method for offshore wind power diode rectification unit sending-out system |
| US11641109B2 (en) | 2022-05-17 | 2023-05-02 | Zhejiang University | Grid-forming wind turbine control method for diode rectifier unit-based offshore wind power transmission system |
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| CN114640141B (en) * | 2022-05-17 | 2022-08-05 | 浙江大学 | Network-building type fan control method for offshore wind power diode rectification unit sending-out system |
| US11641109B2 (en) | 2022-05-17 | 2023-05-02 | Zhejiang University | Grid-forming wind turbine control method for diode rectifier unit-based offshore wind power transmission system |
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