CN108539143A - A method of quickly preparing high-capacity lithium ion cell silicon based anode material - Google Patents
A method of quickly preparing high-capacity lithium ion cell silicon based anode material Download PDFInfo
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- CN108539143A CN108539143A CN201810190963.0A CN201810190963A CN108539143A CN 108539143 A CN108539143 A CN 108539143A CN 201810190963 A CN201810190963 A CN 201810190963A CN 108539143 A CN108539143 A CN 108539143A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/386—Silicon or alloys based on silicon
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/628—Inhibitors, e.g. gassing inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of methods quickly preparing high-capacity lithium ion cell silicon based anode material, oxidant is dissolved in volatile solvent, again by the infiltration of the solid powder of silicon in oxidizing agent solution, the oxidizing agent solution for the solid powder for mixing Si is transferred in vessel, after its volatilization completely, the vessel of the solid powder for the Si for adhering to oxidizer molecule are placed in pyrroles's steam, the solid powder for the Si that there is polypyrrole film to coat is obtained, obtaining surface has the Silicon Based Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries of uniform polypyrrole layer.The reaction process of gaseous oxidation polymerization can make the particle surface of Si obtain complete polypyrrole cladding, since polypyrrole is high molecular polymer, with certain ductility, expansion pulverizing problem of the silicon in cyclic process can be improved to a certain extent, the characteristics of improving chemical property of the material in lithium ion battery, and showing the superelevation specific capacity of silicon.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to materialogy fields, are related to a kind of battery electrode material, specifically a kind of quickly to prepare Gao Rong
The method for measuring Silicon Based Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries.
Background technology
Under the background of current fossil energy crisis and environmental pollution getting worse, reproducible clean energy resource meet the tendency of and
It is raw, the rapid development of electrochemical energy storage technology has also been driven simultaneously.Compared with other numerous rechargeable batteries, lithium ion battery
Because having high energy density (120~200Wh kg‐1), the advantages such as long cycle life and memory-less effect, portable
There is wide utilization foreground in high power capacity energy storage device field.But not with electronic (or hybrid power) automobile, portable device
It is disconnected to update, it is necessary to which that lithium ion battery has higher energy stores performance and longer cycle life.Therefore, exploitation tool
The electrode material of high power capacity and long circulation life is the factor of most critical.
Currently, the cathode in commercial Li-ion battery is usually graphite cathode, the very low (~372mAh of theoretical capacity
g‐1), it can no longer meet the social demand of accelerated development.Silicon based anode material, because its with high theoretical capacity (~
4200mAh g‐1, Li4.4Si), low intercalation potential (~0.4V vs.Li/Li+), it is environmental-friendly, resourceful etc. a little, have
It is likely to become star's material of next-generation high performance lithium ionic cell cathode.But the two of silicon big essential problems, limit its
Using and development:1) by silicon directly as the negative material of lithium ion battery huge volume can occur in charge and discharge process for
Change (~300%), so that the structure of silicon is destroyed, seriously affected the utilization rate of active material silicon, caused battery capacity
Significantly decay;2) conductivity of silicon is very low, and it is to need that conductive agent (carbon black) is added to prepare electrode, to reduce the energy of electrode
Metric density.
In recent years, researcher has carried out a large amount of scientific research to solve the above-mentioned problems, to improve the appearance of silicon based cells
Amount and cycle life.
And use gas-phase polymerization prepares high-capacity lithium ion cell silicon based anode material and fast preparation method has not been reported.
Invention content
For above-mentioned technical problem in the prior art, the present invention provides one kind quickly preparing high-capacity lithium ion cell
The method of silicon based anode material, this method for quickly preparing high-capacity lithium ion cell silicon based anode material will solve
Lithium ion battery negative material chemical property in the prior art is low, the especially low technical problem of capacity.
The present invention provides one kind quickly preparing high-capacity lithium ion cell silicon based anode material method, including walks as follows
Suddenly:
1) oxidant is weighed, the oxidant is dissolved in volatile solvent, in the oxidizing agent solution, oxidation
The mass fraction of agent is 5~95%;The oxidant is selected from chloride, P- toluene fulfonates, benzene sulfonate, 4- ethyl group benzene
Sulfonate, 4-N- octyl benzene sulfonic acids salt, dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 1,3,3- tri-methyl p-toluenesulfonates salt, m- dimethylbenzene -4- sulfonic acid
Salt, etamon-P- toluenesulfonates or thiosulfate;The volatile solvent is selected from water, methanol, ethyl alcohol, second
Glycol, acetonitrile, ether or n-butanol;
2) nanoscale Si solid powders are weighed, the grain size of the nano Si solid powder fills between 20-500nm
Sub-dip is moistened in the oxidizing agent solution;
3) mixed solution that will infiltrate oxidant and Si solid powders is transferred in a vessel, and at 30~70 DEG C
Under so that organic solvent is volatilized;
4) after organic solvent volatilization completely, one layer of oxidant film is formed on the surface of Si nano particles;
5) at normal temperatures, the vessel of step 4) are placed in pyrroles's steam, make oxidant point of the pyrrole monomer with the surfaces Si
Polymerisation occurs for son, and the polymerization reaction time of generation is 5min-48h, is obtained by the solid powder of polypyrrole coated Si;
6) solid powder obtained by (5) is subjected to cleaning operation, removes the impurity in solid powder, and will be after except impurity
Solid powder is placed in vacuum drying chamber, is kept the temperature at least for 24 hours to get the lithium ion battery silicon substrate cathode coated to uniform polypyrrole
Material.
Further, dispersing method of the nano Si solid powder in oxidizing agent solution is that ultrasound or magnetic force stir
It mixes.
Further, the cleaning operation includes centrifugation, decompression suction filtration, filtering.
Further, the cleaning solvent includes absolute ethyl alcohol, deionized water.
Further, the temperature of the vacuum drying chamber is 60~100 DEG C.
The present invention method be using pyrrole monomer, oxidant, elemental silicon solid powder as raw material, utilize gas-phase polymerization one
Footwork carries out the preparation of silicon based electrode material.First, a certain amount of oxidant is dissolved in volatile solvent, then consolidating silicon
Body powder fully infiltrates in the oxidizing agent solution, its surface is made to adhere to one layer of oxidizer molecule, and the solid powder that will mix Si
The oxidizing agent solution at end is transferred in vessel, under certain temperature heating, so that the organic solvent in mixed liquor is volatilized, is waited for its volatilization
After completely, the culture dish of the solid powder for the Si for adhering to oxidizer molecule is placed in pyrroles's steam, makes pyrroles single at normal temperatures
The oxidant on the surface of body and Si occurs polymerisation and forms polypyrrole film, obtains the solid powder for the Si that there is polypyrrole film to coat
Surface, which is quickly made, in the lower footwork in end, i.e. room temperature has the Silicon Based Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries of uniform polypyrrole layer.
The present invention carries out the preparation of material using gaseous polymerization.Using the nano silicone of low price as raw material, do not need
Using special installation, process is simple, and easy to operate and amplification, the uniformity of clad is very high, and can be good at controlling
The thickness of the carbon coating layer and electrode material prepared is by the test of chemical property, has excellent chemical property high.
Uniformly carbon-coated high-capacity lithium ion cell silicon based anode material provided by the invention and the method quickly prepared are easy to be easy
Row, yield is high, and controllability is good, is suitble to large-scale industrial production.
The method of the present invention can utilize the thickness because usually controlling polypyrrole clad such as polymerization time very well, and should
Polymerization process is the gas-phase polymerization principle using gas molecule, and the uniformity of clad is easy to control, while homogeneity is also very high.
It is emphasized that the clad used is polypyrrole, it is conductive polymer polymer, there is good electric conductivity, simultaneously
With certain ductility, nano silicone solid particle cladding is got up, in charge and discharge process, silicon can be allowed to play its height
Theoretical capacity, moreover it is possible to the volume expansion for limiting silicon keeps the material structure of silicon, and the utilization of active material silicon is improved with this
Rate prevents the significantly decaying of battery capacity.It is noted that method used by us is one-step synthesis, institute's used time
Between it is short, it is efficient, silicon based electrode material can be prepared on a large scale.
The present invention is compared with prior art, and technological progress is significant.The present invention method and process is simple, the used time is short and
Special installation is not needed, raw materials are nontoxic and environmental-friendly.In addition, the reaction process of gaseous oxidation polymerization can make Si
Particle surface obtain complete polypyrrole cladding, since polypyrrole is high molecular polymer, there is certain ductility, can be one
Determine to improve expansion pulverizing problem of the silicon in cyclic process in degree, improves electrochemistry of the material in lithium ion battery
Can, and the characteristics of show the superelevation specific capacity of silicon.Material provided by the invention is suitable as the cathode material of high power capacity energy storage device
Material.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is pure Si (a) and the scanning of synthetic material (b polymerize polypyrrole coated Si particle when 4h) electricity in embodiment 1
Mirror photo.
Fig. 2 is the XRD spectrum of polypyrrole coated Si synthetic material when polymerizeing 4h in embodiment 1.
Fig. 3 is for pure Si in embodiment 1 with polypyrrole coated Si synthetic material (Si@PPy-4) in 100mA g‐1Electric current under
Charge and discharge cycles figure.
Fig. 4 is polypyrrole coated Si synthetic material in embodiment 2 in 100mA g‐1Electric current under first three circle charge and discharge follow
Ring figure.
Fig. 5 is polypyrrole coated Si synthetic material in embodiment 2 in 100mA g‐1Electric current under charge and discharge cycles figure.
Specific implementation mode
It is further illustrated the present invention below in conjunction with drawings and examples, but the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
Embodiment 1
The one-step synthesis (carrying out 4h polymerisations) of the silicon based electrode material of uniform polypyrrole cladding, to the structure of the material
Test and its be assembled into the electrochemical property test of lithium ion simulated battery.
Using P- toluenesulfonic acid iron as oxidant, and it is volatile solvent to choose absolute ethyl alcohol.First, the P- of 2g is weighed
Toluenesulfonic acid iron, with 1:2 mass ratio is uniformly dissolved in absolute ethyl alcohol.Then the nanoscale silica flour (grain size of 300mg is weighed:
20nm), it and is dissolved in the solution of oxidant, disperses 30min after sealing in ultrasound, be transferred in culture dish.At 40 DEG C
Under, absolute ethyl alcohol is volatilized complete, so far forms one layer of oxidant being rolled by P- toluenesulfonic acid iron in Si particle surfaces
Film.Then by the culture dish, it is placed in the pyrroles's steam to volatilize by 12h and stands 4h, pyrrole monomer and oxidizer molecule is made to exist
Si particle surfaces carry out polymerisation, form the polypyrrole film uniformly coated.The material that polymerization is completed is grasped by centrifuge washing
Make (detergent used is absolute ethyl alcohol), and at 80 DEG C, dries for 24 hours, obtained with uniform polypyrrole in vacuum drying chamber
The silicon electrode material of cladding.
Surface coats the Si granular materials of polypyrrole and the transmission electron microscope photo of pure Si as shown in Fig. 1 a, b.It can be from Fig. 1
In find out, coat the diameter dimension of Si particles after polypyrrole and be obviously greater than pure Si particles, can see that polypyrrole can be well
It is coated on the outside of Si particles, so as to slow down volume expansion problems of the Si in charge and discharge process.It is carried out simultaneously
The test of XRD, it can be seen that the still crystal form with Si makes it keep very high theoretical capacity (Fig. 2).
Composite material made from embodiment 1 is assembled into lithium ion half-cell as steps described below:By the uniform poly- of preparation
Binder (a concentration of 0.04g ml of the silicon materials and 10wt% of pyrroles's cladding‐1Kynoar N-Methyl pyrrolidone
Solution) and 10wt% conductive agent (Super P conductive carbon blacks) mixing, after stirring evenly be coated in copper foil on, at 80 DEG C, baking
Dried in case, be then washed into electrode slice with the punch of a diameter of 10mm again, electrode slice is put into 80 DEG C, vacuum drying oven in it is dry
12h is then transferred into the glove box full of high-purity argon gas.It is to electrode with metal lithium sheet, Celgard 3501 is diaphragm,
1mol·L‐1Ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and the fluorinated ethylene carbonate (volume ratio 45 of lithium hexafluoro phosphate:45:10) it mixes
Solution is electrolyte, is assembled into CR2032 button cells, and in LAND battery test systems, (Wuhan Jin Nuo Electronics Co., Ltd.s carry
For) on carry out constant current charge-discharge performance test, charge and discharge blanking voltage is relative to Li/Li+For 0.01~1.5V.In cycle 100
After circle, compared to pure Si, polypyrrole coated Si synthetic material (Si@PPy-4) can also keep 950.6mAh g‐1High power capacity (figure
3)。
Embodiment 2
The one-step synthesis (carrying out 4h polymerisations) of the silicon based electrode material of uniform polypyrrole cladding, to the structure of the material
Test and its be assembled into the electrochemical property test of lithium ion simulated battery.
By 1,3,3- tri-methyl p-toluenesulfonate salt as oxidant, and it is volatile solvent to choose n-butanol.First, it weighs
The 1 of 1g, 3,3- tri-methyl p-toluenesulfonate salt, with 1:3 mass ratio is uniformly dissolved in n-butanol.Then silica flour (the grain of 100mg is weighed
Diameter:100nm), it and is dissolved in the solution of oxidant, disperses 50min after sealing in ultrasound, be transferred in culture dish.
60 DEG C, under, n-butanol is volatilized complete, so far form one layer in Si particle surfaces is wrapped up by 1,3,3- tri-methyl p-toluenesulfonate salt
At oxidant film.Then by the culture dish, it is placed in the pyrroles's steam to volatilize by 12h and stands 2h, make pyrrole monomer and oxygen
Agent molecule carries out polymerisation in Si particle surfaces, forms the polypyrrole film uniformly coated.The material that polymerization is completed is passed through
Centrifuge washing operation (detergent used is absolute ethyl alcohol), and at 100 DEG C, for 24 hours, obtaining has for drying in vacuum drying chamber
The silicon electrode material of uniform polypyrrole cladding.
Composite material made from embodiment 2 is assembled into lithium ion half-cell as steps described below:By the uniform poly- of preparation
Binder (a concentration of 0.04g ml of the silicon materials and 10wt% of pyrroles's cladding‐1Kynoar N-Methyl pyrrolidone
Solution) and 10wt% conductive agent (Super P conductive carbon blacks) mixing, after stirring evenly be coated in copper foil on, at 100 DEG C,
Dried in baking oven, be then washed into electrode slice with the punch of a diameter of 12mm again, electrode slice is put into 100 DEG C, vacuum drying oven in
Drying for 24 hours, is then transferred into the glove box full of high-purity argon gas.With metal lithium sheet be to electrode, Celgard 3501 be every
Film, 1molL‐1Ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and the fluorinated ethylene carbonate (volume ratio 45 of lithium hexafluoro phosphate:45:10)
Mixed solution is electrolyte, is assembled into CR2032 button cells, in LAND battery test systems (Wuhan Jin Nuo Electronics Co., Ltd.s
There is provided) on carry out constant current charge-discharge performance test, charge and discharge blanking voltage is relative to Li/Li+For 0.01~1.5V.In cycle 50
After circle, compared to pure Si, polypyrrole coated Si synthetic material can also keep 845.7mAh g‐1High power capacity (Fig. 4,5).
Embodiment 3, embodiment 4
The present invention uses the process of gas-phase polymerization, obtains the silicium cathode electrode material with uniform polypyrrole cladding, and multiple
The polypyrrole layer thickness on condensation material surface is uniform, can limit the volume expansion of Si to a certain extent, further promotes Si cathode
The chemical property of material, have it is easy to operate, controllability is higher, advantages of environment protection, be suitble to large-scale industrial production.
Claims (5)
1. one kind quickly preparing high-capacity lithium ion cell silicon based anode material method, it is characterised in that include the following steps:
1)Oxidant is weighed, the oxidant is dissolved in volatile solvent, in the oxidizing agent solution, oxidant
Mass fraction is 5 ~ 95%;The oxidant is selected from chloride, P- toluene fulfonates, benzene sulfonate, 4- ethyl group benzene sulfonic acids
Salt, 4-N- octyl benzene sulfonic acids salt, dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 1,3,3- tri-methyl p-toluenesulfonates salt, m- dimethylbenzene -4- sulfonate,
Etamon-P- toluenesulfonates or thiosulfate;The volatile solvent is selected from water, methanol, ethyl alcohol, second two
Alcohol, acetonitrile, ether or n-butanol;
2)Nanoscale Si solid powders are weighed, the grain size of the nano Si solid powder fully soaks between 20-500 nm
Profit is in the oxidizing agent solution;
3)The mixed solution of oxidant and Si solid powders will be infiltrated, has been transferred in a vessel, and make at 30 ~ 70 DEG C
Organic solvent volatilizees;
4)After organic solvent volatilization completely, one layer of oxidant film is formed on the surface of Si nano particles;
5)At normal temperatures, by step 4)Vessel be placed in pyrroles's steam, so that the oxidizer molecule on pyrrole monomer and the surfaces Si is sent out
The polymerization reaction time of raw polymerisation, generation is 5min-48h, is obtained by the solid powder of polypyrrole coated Si;
6)Solid powder obtained by (5) is subjected to cleaning operation, removes the impurity in solid powder, and will be except the solid after impurity
Powder is placed in vacuum drying chamber, is kept the temperature at least for 24 hours to get the lithium ion battery silicon substrate cathode material coated to uniform polypyrrole
Material.
2. one kind according to claim 1 quickly prepares high-capacity lithium ion cell silicon based anode material method, feature
It is:Dispersing method of the nano Si solid powder in oxidizing agent solution is ultrasound or magnetic agitation.
3. one kind according to claim 1 quickly prepares high-capacity lithium ion cell silicon based anode material method, feature
It is:The cleaning operation includes centrifugation, decompression suction filtration, filtering.
4. one kind according to claim 1 quickly prepares high-capacity lithium ion cell silicon based anode material method, feature
It is:The cleaning solvent includes absolute ethyl alcohol, deionized water.
5. one kind according to claim 1 quickly prepares high-capacity lithium ion cell silicon based anode material method, feature
It is:The temperature of the vacuum drying chamber is 60 ~ 100 DEG C.
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN109360957A (en) * | 2018-10-08 | 2019-02-19 | 上海理工大学 | A kind of preparation method of the carbon-based kalium ion battery negative electrode material of nitrogen oxygen auto-dope |
CN109888183A (en) * | 2019-04-02 | 2019-06-14 | 上海理工大学 | A kind of preparation method and application of organic inorganic hybridization film |
CN113113579A (en) * | 2021-03-10 | 2021-07-13 | 欣旺达电动汽车电池有限公司 | Negative electrode active material, preparation method thereof and lithium ion battery |
CN114388749A (en) * | 2020-10-21 | 2022-04-22 | 湖南中科星城石墨有限公司 | Silicon-based negative electrode material and preparation method and application thereof |
CN115513460A (en) * | 2022-09-30 | 2022-12-23 | 湖南长远锂科新能源有限公司 | Coating agent and preparation method thereof, and positive electrode material and coating modification method thereof |
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109360957A (en) * | 2018-10-08 | 2019-02-19 | 上海理工大学 | A kind of preparation method of the carbon-based kalium ion battery negative electrode material of nitrogen oxygen auto-dope |
CN109888183A (en) * | 2019-04-02 | 2019-06-14 | 上海理工大学 | A kind of preparation method and application of organic inorganic hybridization film |
CN114388749A (en) * | 2020-10-21 | 2022-04-22 | 湖南中科星城石墨有限公司 | Silicon-based negative electrode material and preparation method and application thereof |
CN114388749B (en) * | 2020-10-21 | 2024-02-27 | 湖南中科星城石墨有限公司 | Silicon-based anode material and preparation method and application thereof |
CN113113579A (en) * | 2021-03-10 | 2021-07-13 | 欣旺达电动汽车电池有限公司 | Negative electrode active material, preparation method thereof and lithium ion battery |
CN115513460A (en) * | 2022-09-30 | 2022-12-23 | 湖南长远锂科新能源有限公司 | Coating agent and preparation method thereof, and positive electrode material and coating modification method thereof |
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