CN108538616A - The plate-like MnO that nickel foam self-supporting nanometer sheet stacks2The preparation method of super capacitor material - Google Patents

The plate-like MnO that nickel foam self-supporting nanometer sheet stacks2The preparation method of super capacitor material Download PDF

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CN108538616A
CN108538616A CN201810610488.8A CN201810610488A CN108538616A CN 108538616 A CN108538616 A CN 108538616A CN 201810610488 A CN201810610488 A CN 201810610488A CN 108538616 A CN108538616 A CN 108538616A
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mno
plate
nanometer sheet
nickel foam
super capacitor
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CN108538616B (en
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吴春
贾传坤
丁美
楼雪纯
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Changsha University of Science and Technology
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Changsha University of Science and Technology
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01GCAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22Electrodes
    • H01G11/24Electrodes characterised by structural features of the materials making up or comprised in the electrodes, e.g. form, surface area or porosity; characterised by the structural features of powders or particles used therefor
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01GCAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22Electrodes
    • H01G11/30Electrodes characterised by their material
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01GCAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22Electrodes
    • H01G11/30Electrodes characterised by their material
    • H01G11/46Metal oxides
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01GCAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/84Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
    • H01G11/86Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof specially adapted for electrodes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/13Energy storage using capacitors

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to ultracapacitor fields, and in particular to a kind of plate-like MnO that nickel foam self-supporting nanometer sheet stacks2The preparation method of super capacitor material.First nickel foam is pre-processed, the plate-like MnO for then using hydro-thermal reaction to be stacked in foam nickel surface growth nanometer sheet2Presoma, then presoma is calcined to the plate-like MnO for generating nanometer sheet and stacking2.The present invention is based on the plate-like MnO that nickel foam self-supporting nanometer sheet stacks2Super capacitor material has excellent chemical property.In its preparation process, raw material are cheap and easy to get, and the reaction time is short, at low cost, simple and practicable, and without masterplate and surfactant-free.The plate-like MnO that prepared nickel foam self-supporting nanometer sheet stacks2Electrode of super capacitor has very high specific capacity and cyclical stability, and maximum specific capacity is up to 1.37Fcm‑2, after recycling 4000 times, coulombic efficiency keeps 100%, capacity retention ratio 91.2%.

Description

The plate-like MnO that nickel foam self-supporting nanometer sheet stacks2The preparation of super capacitor material Method
Technical field
The invention belongs to ultracapacitor fields, and in particular to a kind of plate-like MnO that nickel foam self-supporting nanometer sheet stacks2 The preparation method of super capacitor material.
Technical background
Currently, the emphasis of energy field research is the development and utilization of green energy resource, but the green energy resource of the overwhelming majority Existence time and the shortcomings that be spatially unevenly distributed, therefore, reliable energy storage device becomes the topic of researcher's concern. As the ultracapacitor of energy storage device, since clean energy resource can be converted to the electric energy of needs, and by domestic and foreign scholars Like.The cycle performance for the high power density, stabilization that ultracapacitor has and quick charge and discharge performance, make it in energy Source domain is widely used.
In electrode material for super capacitor large family, manganese dioxide is since cheap, environmental-friendly, specific capacity is high etc. Feature becomes most potential one of electrode material.However, the shortcomings of electronics and ionic conduction performance difference and bad cycle performance Limit its application in ultracapacitor field.The binder free developed in recent years and the electrode of super capacitor without conductive agent Active material is grown directly upon collection liquid surface directly as electrode of super capacitor, for improving leading for material by material Electrical property has very important significance.Wherein, the nickel foam with tridimensional network is loaded more due to large specific surface area More active materials, and promote the fast transfer of electronics between active material and collector and then improve chemical property.Separately On the one hand, the electrode material with special construction is prepared to improve the specific surface area of material, to obtain more reaction active sites Point, it is also highly beneficial for the raising of material electrochemical performance.Therefore, in conjunction with above method, the tool of nickel foam self-supporting is prepared There is the plate-like MnO that nanometer sheet stacks2Material is for solving MnO2The bad problem of electric conductivity has good research significance.
Currently, not there is the plate-like MnO that nickel foam self-supporting nanometer sheet stacks also2Nanometer sheet electrode material for super capacitor Related patents are reported.
Invention content
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of plate-like MnO stacked based on nickel foam self-supporting nanometer sheet2Ultracapacitor The nanometer sheet stacking of nickel foam self-supporting is prepared using simple hydro-thermal and calcination processing in the preparation method of material Plate-like MnO2.This method raw material are cheap and easy to get, and the reaction time is short, at low cost, simple and practicable, and favorable reproducibility is had excellent performance, institute The plate-like MnO that the nickel foam self-supporting nanometer sheet of preparation stacks2Electrode has very high specific capacity and cyclical stability.
To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that:
A kind of plate-like MnO that nickel foam self-supporting nanometer sheet stacks2The preparation method of super capacitor material, first to foam Nickel is pre-processed, the plate-like MnO for then using hydro-thermal reaction to be stacked in foam nickel surface growth nanometer sheet2Presoma, then pass through It crosses calcining and generates the plate-like MnO that nanometer sheet stacks2, obtain the plate-like MnO stacked based on nickel foam self-supporting nanometer sheet2Super electricity Container material.
The plate-like MnO that the nickel foam self-supporting nanometer sheet stacks2The preparation method of super capacitor material is specific to walk It is rapid as follows:
(1) it cleans 1~3h of nickel foam with deionized water and EtOH Sonicate to be pre-processed, removes its surface impurity;
(2) in deionized water by the dissolving of manganese source, urea and ammonium fluoride, it is sufficiently stirred to obtain mixed reaction solution, later Pretreated nickel foam is put into reaction kettle, be added mixed reaction solution, at 100~200 DEG C carry out hydro-thermal reaction 1~ 5h obtains the plate-like MnO of nanometer sheet stacking after reaction is completed and is cleaned and dried2Presoma;
(3) the plate-like MnO for stacking the nanometer sheet after drying2Presoma is positioned over the calcining of Muffle furnace high temperature, 200~ 1~4h is reacted at 500 DEG C, the plate-like MnO that the nanometer sheet for obtaining growing in foam nickel surface stacks2, i.e., described to be based on nickel foam The plate-like MnO that the nanometer sheet of self-supporting stacks2Super capacitor material.
The plate-like MnO that the nickel foam self-supporting nanometer sheet stacks2The preparation method of super capacitor material, step 2) In, the addition of manganese source is 0.1~0.2molL-1, the addition of urea is 0.1~0.2molL-1, the addition of ammonium fluoride Amount is 0.01~0.1molL-1
The plate-like MnO that the nickel foam self-supporting nanometer sheet stacks2The preparation method of super capacitor material, step 2) In, the molar ratio of manganese source, urea and ammonium fluoride is 3:3:1.
The plate-like MnO that the nickel foam self-supporting nanometer sheet stacks2The preparation method of super capacitor material, step 2) In, manganese source is manganese salt substance:Manganese sulfate, manganese nitrate, manganese acetate or manganese chloride.
The plate-like MnO that the nickel foam self-supporting nanometer sheet stacks2The preparation method of super capacitor material, in foam Nickel surface grows the plate-like MnO that nanometer sheet stacks2Mass density is 0.5~1.5mgcm-2, plate-like MnO2A diameter of 2.0~ 3.0 μm, plate-like MnO2Thickness be 0.5~1 μm.
The remarkable advantage and advantageous effect of the present invention is:
The present invention obtains the plate-like MnO of nickel foam self-supporting nanometer sheet stacking using hydro-thermal and calcination processing2Electrode material, This method raw material are cheap and easy to get, and the reaction time is short, at low cost, simple and practicable, and favorable reproducibility is had excellent performance, and without masterplate And surfactant-free.The plate-like MnO that prepared nickel foam self-supporting nanometer sheet stacks2Electrode of super capacitor has very High specific capacity and cyclical stability, electrode maximum specific capacity is up to 1.37Fcm-2, after recycling 4000 times, coulombic efficiency is protected 100% is held, capacity retention ratio 91.2%.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the plate-like MnO that nanometer sheet stacks2X-ray diffractogram.In figure, abscissa 2Theta represents the angle of diffraction (degree), ordinate Intensity represents intensity (a.u.).
Fig. 2 is the plate-like MnO that nanometer sheet stacks2Scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph.Wherein, (b) be (a) enlarged drawing.
Fig. 3 is the plate-like MnO that nanometer sheet stacks2The cyclic voltammogram under speed is swept in difference.Wherein, abscissa Potential represents current potential (V), and ordinate Current represents electric current (A).
Fig. 4 is that current density is 2Ag-1When, the plate-like MnO of nanometer sheet stacking2Cycle performance figure.In figure, abscissa Cycle represents cycle-index, and left ordinate Capacitance retention represent capacity retention ratio (%), right ordinate Coulombic efficiency represent coulombic efficiency (%).
Specific implementation mode
In specific implementation process, the plate-like MnO of nickel foam self-supporting nanometer sheet stacking2Super capacitor material passes through Following methods obtain:Nickel foam is pre-processed first, then hydro-thermal method is used to be stacked in nickel screen Surface Creation nanometer sheet Plate-like MnO2Presoma, the main function and effect of hydro-thermal reaction are:Under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions, reactant can be partly or completely Fully dissolved, reaction are carried out close to homogeneous, obtain the oxide electrode material of good dispersion, purity height, morphology controllable Material;Final high temperature calcination processing obtains the plate-like MnO that there is nanometer sheet to stack2, obtain the plate-like MnO that there is nanometer sheet to stack2's Electrode material for super capacitor, the main function and effect of high-temperature calcination processing are:The hydroxide that hydro-thermal reaction is obtained into One step aoxidizes to obtain oxide electrode material, is as follows:
1) nickel foam is cleaned with deionized water and EtOH Sonicate, removes its surface impurity, the specification of nickel foam is Long 6cm × wide 3.6cm × thickness 1.1mm, hole count 110PPI, 420 ± 25gm of surface density-2
2) it in deionized water by the dissolving of manganese source, urea and ammonium fluoride, is sufficiently stirred to obtain mixed reaction solution, later will Pretreated nickel foam is put into reaction kettle, and mixed reaction solution is added, and 1~5h of hydro-thermal reaction is carried out at 100~200 DEG C, After reaction is completed and is cleaned and dried, the plate-like MnO of nanometer sheet stacking is obtained2Presoma;
3) the plate-like MnO for stacking the nanometer sheet after drying2Presoma is positioned in Muffle furnace again through high-temperature calcination 200 1~4h is reacted at~500 DEG C, the plate-like MnO that the nanometer sheet for obtaining growing in foam nickel surface after cooling stacks2, i.e., the described base In the plate-like MnO that nickel foam self-supporting nanometer sheet stacks2Super capacitor material.Present invention exploitation is new to be propped up certainly based on nickel foam Support the plate-like MnO that nanometer sheet stacks2Super capacitor material has excellent chemical property.
The present invention is further illustrated the present invention with following experiments example, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following reality Apply example.
The plate-like MnO that 1 nickel foam self-supporting nanometer sheet of embodiment stacks2The preparation of electrode material
In the present embodiment, is pre-processed using deionized water and EtOH Sonicate cleaning nickel foam 2h, remove its surface Impurity;In deionized water by the dissolving of manganese source, urea and ammonium fluoride, manganese source is manganese nitrate, manganese nitrate 0.15molL-1, urine Plain 0.15molL-1And ammonium fluoride 0.05molL-1, it is sufficiently stirred to obtain mixed reaction solution, later by pretreated bubble Foam nickel is put into reaction kettle, and mixed reaction solution is added, and hydro-thermal reaction 3h is carried out at 130 DEG C, waits for that reaction is completed and is cleaned and dried Afterwards, the plate-like MnO of nanometer sheet stacking is obtained2Presoma;The plate-like MnO that nanometer sheet after drying is stacked2Presoma is positioned over horse 2h is not reacted in stove at 350 DEG C, the plate-like MnO that the nanometer sheet for obtaining growing in foam nickel surface after cooling stacks2, i.e., described The plate-like MnO that nickel foam self-supporting nanometer sheet stacks2Super capacitor material.
As seen from Figure 1, Figure 2, material produced by the present invention is really the plate-like MnO that nanometer sheet stacks2, given birth in foam nickel surface The plate-like MnO that long nanometer sheet stacks2Mass density be 1.0mgcm-2, plate-like MnO2A diameter of 2.0 μm, plate-like MnO2 Thickness be 0.5 μm.
2 electrochemical property test of embodiment
In the present embodiment, by the plate-like MnO of nickel foam self-supporting nanometer sheet stacking made from embodiment 12Make super electricity Container electrode carries out electrochemical property test.Test results are shown in figure 3, when electrolyte is concentration 6molL-1Potassium hydroxide When aqueous solution, the plate-like MnO of nickel foam self-supporting nanometer sheet stacking2Electrode maximum specific capacity is up to 1.37Fcm-2.It can by Fig. 4 Know, after recycling 4000 times, coulombic efficiency keeps 100%, capacity retention ratio 91.2%.
Experiment shows the plate-like MnO that the nanometer sheet of prepared nickel foam self-supporting stacks2Electrode maximum specific capacity is reachable 1.37F·cm-2, after recycling 4000 times, coulombic efficiency keeps 100%, capacity retention ratio 91.2%.
The plate-like MnO that 3 nickel foam self-supporting nanometer sheet of embodiment stacks2The preparation of electrode material
In the present embodiment, nickel foam 3h is cleaned using deionized water and EtOH Sonicate, removes its surface impurity;By manganese In deionized water, manganese source is manganese sulfate, manganese sulfate 0.12molL for source, urea and ammonium fluoride dissolving-1, urea 0.12mol·L-1And ammonium fluoride 0.04molL-1, it is sufficiently stirred to obtain mixed reaction solution, later by pretreated foam Nickel is put into reaction kettle, and mixed reaction solution is added, and hydro-thermal reaction 4h is carried out at 120 DEG C, after reaction is completed and is cleaned and dried, Obtain the plate-like MnO of nanometer sheet stacking2Presoma;The plate-like MnO that nanometer sheet after drying is stacked2Presoma is positioned over Muffle 2h is reacted in stove at 400 DEG C, the plate-like MnO that the nanometer sheet for obtaining growing in foam nickel surface after cooling stacks2, i.e., the described bubble The plate-like MnO that foam nickel self-supporting nanometer sheet stacks2Super capacitor material, in the disk that the nanometer sheet of foam nickel surface growth stacks Shape MnO2Mass density be 0.9mgcm-2, plate-like MnO2A diameter of 1.5 μm, plate-like MnO2Thickness be 0.3 μm.
The plate-like MnO that 4 nickel foam self-supporting nanometer sheet of embodiment stacks2The preparation of electrode material
In the present embodiment, nickel foam 1h is cleaned using deionized water and EtOH Sonicate, removes its surface impurity;By manganese In deionized water, the molar ratio of manganese source, urea and ammonium fluoride is 3 for source, urea and ammonium fluoride dissolving:3:1, manganese source is vinegar Sour manganese, manganese acetate 0.18molL-1, urea 0.18molL-1And ammonium fluoride 0.06molL-1, it is sufficiently stirred and is mixed Pretreated nickel foam is put into reaction kettle by reaction solution later, and mixed reaction solution is added, and it is anti-that hydro-thermal is carried out at 150 DEG C 2h is answered, after reaction is completed and is cleaned and dried, obtains the plate-like MnO of nanometer sheet stacking2Presoma;By the nanometer sheet heap after drying Folded plate-like MnO2Presoma, which is positioned in Muffle furnace at 300 DEG C, reacts 2h, obtains growing in foam nickel surface after cooling The plate-like MnO that nanometer sheet stacks2, i.e., the plate-like MnO of the described nickel foam self-supporting nanometer sheet stacking2Super capacitor material is steeping The plate-like MnO that the nanometer sheet of foam nickel surface growth stacks2Mass density be 1.2mgcm-2, plate-like MnO2A diameter of 2.5 μ M, plate-like MnO2Thickness be 0.8 μm.
Embodiment the result shows that, using the nickel foam self-supporting prepared by the present invention nanometer sheet stack plate-like MnO2's Electrode of super capacitor, have very high specific capacity and excellent cyclical stability, solve metal conductive oxide poor performance with And cycle performance it is bad the problems such as.In this method implementation process, raw material are cheap and easy to get, the reaction time is short, at low cost, simple easy Row, and without template and surfactant-free.
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, all equivalent changes done according to scope of the present invention patent with Modification should all belong to the covering scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. the plate-like MnO that a kind of nickel foam self-supporting nanometer sheet stacks2The preparation method of super capacitor material, which is characterized in that First nickel foam is pre-processed, the plate-like MnO for then using hydro-thermal reaction to be stacked in foam nickel surface growth nanometer sheet2Forerunner Body generates the plate-like MnO that nanometer sheet stacks using calcining2, obtain the plate-like MnO stacked based on nickel foam self-supporting nanometer sheet2 Super capacitor material.
2. the plate-like MnO that nickel foam self-supporting nanometer sheet as described in claim 1 stacks2The preparation side of super capacitor material Method, which is characterized in that be as follows:
(1) it cleans 1~3h of nickel foam with deionized water and EtOH Sonicate to be pre-processed, removes its surface impurity;
(2) in deionized water by the dissolving of manganese source, urea and ammonium fluoride, it is sufficiently stirred to obtain mixed reaction solution, it later will be pre- Treated, and nickel foam is put into reaction kettle, and mixed reaction solution is added, and 1~5h of hydro-thermal reaction is carried out at 100~200 DEG C, is waited for After reaction is completed and is cleaned and dried, the plate-like MnO of nanometer sheet stacking is obtained2Presoma;
(3) the plate-like MnO for stacking the nanometer sheet after drying2Presoma is positioned over the calcining of Muffle furnace high temperature, at 200~500 DEG C 1~4h of lower reaction, the plate-like MnO that the nanometer sheet for obtaining growing in foam nickel surface stacks2, i.e., described to be based on nickel foam self-supporting Nanometer sheet stack plate-like MnO2Super capacitor material.
3. the plate-like MnO that nickel foam self-supporting nanometer sheet as claimed in claim 2 stacks2The preparation side of super capacitor material Method, which is characterized in that in step 2), the addition of manganese source is 0.1~0.2molL-1, the addition of urea is 0.1~ 0.2mol·L-1, the addition of ammonium fluoride is 0.01~0.1molL-1
4. the plate-like MnO that nickel foam self-supporting nanometer sheet as claimed in claim 3 stacks2The preparation side of super capacitor material Method, which is characterized in that in step 2), the molar ratio of manganese source, urea and ammonium fluoride is 3:3:1.
5. the plate-like MnO that nickel foam self-supporting nanometer sheet as claimed in claim 2 stacks2The preparation side of super capacitor material Method, which is characterized in that in step 2), manganese source is manganese salt substance:Manganese sulfate, manganese nitrate, manganese acetate or manganese chloride.
6. the plate-like MnO that nickel foam self-supporting nanometer sheet as claimed in claim 7 stacks2The preparation side of super capacitor material Method, which is characterized in that in the plate-like MnO that foam nickel surface growth nanometer sheet stacks2Mass density is 0.5~1.5mgcm-2, Plate-like MnO2A diameter of 2.0~3.0 μm, plate-like MnO2Thickness be 0.5~1 μm.
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