CN108537856B - Method for making color vision classification detection image - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a color vision classification detection graph. Making a detection image in image processing software, wherein the detection image comprises a background layer and a digital layer, and the digital layer comprises a fixed digital layer and a variable digital layer; wherein, a certain color difference exists between the fixed digital layer and the background layer, and human eyes can obviously recognize the difference of the two colors; the colors of the variable digital layer and the background layer are close to or the same, but the spectral reflection curves have larger difference, so that a near metamerism pair or a metamerism pair is formed; selecting two different spectrum primary color inks, toners or dyes, reproducing the background layer of the detection image, namely the fixed digital layer and the variable digital layer, and forming a color vision classification detection image on the printing material. The detection chart can quickly and conveniently classify the spectral response capacity of the red, green and blue cone cells of the observer with normal color vision, thereby dividing the color resolution capacity of the observer with normal color vision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a color vision classification detection graph, which is characterized in that inks (or inks, ink powder and dyes) with different spectrum primary colors are selected, and a background layer and a digital layer of the detection graph are output at different positions of the same printing material. Substituting different color matching functions I and II is required to calculate that CIEDE2000 color difference values of the background layer and the digital layer are greatly different. When an observer with normal color vision watches the detection graph, part of the observers can clearly read the numbers on the background layer, namely, the observers are classified as an observer I; some viewers cannot clearly read the numbers on the background layer, i.e. are classified as viewer II. The detection image is similar to a color blindness detection image, and can quickly and conveniently classify the spectral response capacity of the red, green and blue cone cells of the observer with normal color vision, so that the color resolution capacity of the observer with normal color vision can be classified.
Background
The different observers have certain differences in the resolving power of colors, which not only exists between abnormal color vision people and normal color vision people, but also is obvious between normal color vision people. As the observer ages, the spectral transmittance of the lens (lens) of its dioptric system changes, especially in the short wavelength band (380nm-500 nm). With the change of the observation visual field, the spectral density of the photosensitive pigment in the foveal macular region of the photosensitive system of the observer also changes, so that the color resolution capability of the observer changes to different degrees under different ages and observation visual fields. The existing achromatopsia checking map can accurately and quickly distinguish whether the color vision of an observer is abnormal, such as total achromatopsia, red-green achromatopsia, yellow-blue achromatopsia and the like, but can not be used for the color distinguishing difference detection of an observer with normal color vision.
Chinese patent ZL201410242667.2 (a method for classifying observer color matching functions) organizes the observer to perform color matching experiments by building a color matching experimental apparatus, and classifies the response capabilities (i.e., color matching functions) of the red, green, and blue cone cells of the observer. However, the method is time-consuming to operate, needs a professional experimental device, and needs a certain basic color science knowledge of a testee. Chinese patent CN106821299A (a method for testing cone cell response of color vision normal observers) designs near metamerism color sample pairs with similar colors but different spectral reflection curves, and color vision normal observers at different ages organize to compare and judge the magnitude of color difference of the metamerism color sample pairs based on a comparison method of psychophysical experiments. This method requires a large number of psychophysical experiments to classify the color matching functions of the observer by probabilistic statistical analysis.
Disclosure of Invention
With the development of modern color science and technology and the emergence of diversified color rendering devices, people often use different spectral primary colors to mix, match and copy the existing color samples, but the spectral compositions of the two color samples are likely to be different. This will make the same color sample pair appear different color appearances under different light source illumination; different observers can also have different color feelings when observing colors under a specific light source, so that some observers consider the matched colors and other observers consider the unmatched colors, and great troubles are brought to color evaluation work of color matching personnel in different industries such as photography, printing, textile printing and dyeing and the like. How to rapidly and accurately classify the cone cell response of an observer, and establish a characteristic file related to the observer in different devices so that different color sense normal observers have the same color sense in the process of cross-media color reproduction is a problem to be solved at present.
The invention aims to provide a method for manufacturing a color vision classification detection graph, which is similar to a color blindness detection graph and can quickly and conveniently classify the response capability of red, green and blue cone cells of an observer with normal color vision. The color matching function of the classified observers is applied to the color reproduction process, so that the observers with different color senses have the same color sense, and color consistency in the cross-media copying and reproduction process is really realized.
The invention discloses a method for detecting a background layer and a digital layer of a map by color vision classification, wherein two (or more) primary color inks (or inks, ink powder and dyes) are respectively used, and the background layer and the digital layer of the map are output at different given positions of the same printing material, so that the colors of the background layer and the digital layer of the map form a near-metameric color sample pair. When observing the detection image, the observer with normal color vision perceives the difference in the color difference between the background layer and the digital layer, and classifies the numbers by reading the difference on the background layer, thereby classifying the cone cell response of the observer with normal color vision.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for making a color vision classification detection graph comprises the following steps:
(1) making a detection image in image processing software, wherein the detection image comprises a background layer and a digital layer, and the digital layer comprises a fixed digital layer and a variable digital layer; wherein, a certain color difference exists between the fixed digital layer and the background layer, and human eyes can obviously recognize the difference of the two colors; the colors of the variable digital layer and the background layer are close to or the same, but the spectral reflection curves have larger difference, so that a near metamerism pair or a metamerism pair is formed;
(2) Selecting primary color ink, ink powder or dye, reproducing a background layer and a fixed digital layer of the detection image, and taking the color of the background layer as a target color;
(3) selecting another primary color ink, toner or dye, reproducing the variable digital layer of the detection image, and using the color of the variable digital layer as a comparison color;
(4) the background layer and fixed digital layer reproduced by two different spectrum primary colour inks, ink powder or dyes respectively and variable digital layer are formed into colour vision classified detection image on the printing material, and different colour vision normal observers can have different visual results.
In the step (1), the detection image (including the background layer and the digital layer) is formed by uniformly arranging dots (such as the diameter of 5mm) with the same size, the background layer and the fixed digital layer of the detection image are taken as a whole and can be separated from or combined with the variable digital layer, namely, the background layer, the fixed digital layer and the variable digital layer of the detection image are respectively positioned at different positions of the detection image, and the background layer, the fixed digital layer and the variable digital layer jointly form a complete detection image, wherein the fixed digital layer plays a role in amplifying the color difference of an observer, and the variable digital layer and the background layer play a role in classifying the observer.
Determining the color of the variable digital layer according to the color of the background layer, wherein the colors of the variable digital layer and the background layer are required to be relatively close visually, but the shapes of spectral reflection curves have larger differences, namely the CIEDE2000 color difference calculated by the variable digital layer and the background layer (the spectral reflection energy of the colors of the variable digital layer and the background layer is substituted into different color matching functions to calculate the tristimulus values of the variable digital layer and the background layer, and then the CIEDE2000 color difference value is calculated) has different variation trends.
The CIEDE2000 color difference values of the colors of the background layer and the variable digital layer calculated by adopting two different color matching functions have different trends, namely the color difference value calculated by using one color matching function for the same variable digital layer and the background layer is larger, and human eyes can distinguish the color difference; the color difference value calculated by using another color matching function is small, and the human eye cannot distinguish the color difference.
The different color matching functions include CIE1931, CIE1964, Sarkar1, Sarkar2, Sarkar3, Sarkar4, Sarkar5, Sarkar6, Sarkar7, Sarkar 8. And calculating CIEDE2000 color difference values of the background layer and the variable digital layer by adopting the different color matching functions, and selecting two color matching functions with larger calculated color difference, wherein the color difference value calculated by one color matching function is less than or equal to 1.2, and the color difference value calculated by the other color matching function is more than or equal to 3.0.
A certain color difference exists between the fixed digital layer and the background layer, and preferably, the CIEDE2000 color difference value of the colors of the fixed digital layer and the background layer is not less than 5.0.
In the invention, the number of the variable digital layers can be two or more, the variable digital layers are positioned at different positions of the detection graph, and the two or more variable digital layers, the background layer and the fixed digital layer form the detection graph simultaneously. The spectral reflectance curves of two or more variable digital layers may be the same, similar or different, but the spectral reflectance curve of each variable digital layer must be different from the spectral reflectance curve of the background layer, both of which may constitute a near metameric pair or a metameric pair. The color difference value calculated by one variable digital layer by using the first color matching function I is larger than or equal to 3.0, and can be identified by human eyes; the color difference value calculated by the second color matching function II is smaller than or equal to 1.2 and can not be identified by human eyes; the other variable digital layer is exactly the opposite: the color difference value calculated by the first color matching function I is smaller than or equal to 1.2 and can not be identified by human eyes; the color difference value calculated by the second color matching function II is larger than or equal to 3.0 and can be identified by human eyes.
In steps (2) and (3), the background layer and the fixed digital layer of the detection image are reproduced by one primary color ink (or ink, toner, dye), the variable digital layer is reproduced by the other primary color ink (or ink, toner, dye), the spectral reflection curves of the two primary color inks (or ink, toner, dye) are required to have larger difference, and the color of the background layer and the color of the digital layer are similar by adjusting and controlling the proportion of the two primary color inks (or ink, toner, dye).
The background layer and the fixed digital layer of the detection image are combined but separated from the variable digital layer and are respectively output by ink, toner or dye with different spectrum primary colors at different positions of the same printing material. The background layer, the fixed digital layer and the variable digital layer are arranged at different positions of the detection graph, and the fixed digital layer and the variable digital layer form a complete number.
In the steps (2) and (3), the traditional printing, digital printing, coating and other modes can be selected, and the background layer and the digital layer (including the fixed digital layer and the variable digital layer) of the detection image are respectively reproduced in the corresponding areas of the same printing material. When the colors of the background layer and the digital layer are reproduced, the digital layer and the background layer are required to be accurately positioned and cannot be overlapped to achieve the optimal visual effect.
In the step (4), the observer with normal color vision can see different visual results by watching the classification detection chart, thereby realizing the classification of the response capability (namely the color matching function) of the red, green and blue cone cells of the observer with normal color vision. When an observer with normal color vision observes and detects the image, the observer can perceive the difference between the background layer and the fixed digital layer and the variable digital layer, and part of the observers can clearly read the numbers on the background layer, namely the observers are classified as observers I; some viewers cannot clearly read the numbers on the background layer, i.e. are classified as viewer II.
The present invention is not limited to a specific color generation method, and may be a printed matter output in a different output method, or may be a detection chart displayed in a self-reflection manner, for example, on a display device. The invention is not limited to specific spectrum primary colors, as long as the background layer and the variable digital layer of the detection image can realize that CIEDE2000 color difference values obtained by calculation by using different color matching functions have larger difference. The background layer and the digital layer of the color vision classification detection chart are not limited to a specific color, and any color of a color space may be applied.
According to the invention, the background layer and the digital layer with larger spectral differences are designed, the background layer and the digital layer form a color vision classification detection graph of an observer together, and color vision normal observers with different red, green and blue spectrum cone cell responses have different visual effects when watching the detection graph, so that cone cell response classification of the observer can be carried out. The color matching function of the classified observer is applied to actual detection, cone cell responses of different observers can be quickly and effectively detected, and characteristic files related to 'observer individuals' are established in different devices, so that different color vision normal observers have the same color feeling in the cross-media color reproduction process, and a reference basis is brought to color evaluation work of color matching personnel in different industries such as photography, printing, textile printing and dyeing.
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and detailed description of the invention, which are not meant to limit the scope of the invention.
Drawings
Fig. 1-1 through 1-3 are background and variable digital layers 1, 2, respectively, of an inspection image of an experimental design.
Fig. 2 is a spectral reflectance curve of a background layer and two variable digital layers of a detection map.
FIG. 3 is a histogram of CIEDE2000 color difference distribution of a background layer and metameric patches calculated using two color matching functions CIE1931, CIE 1964.
Fig. 4-1 and 4-2 show different visual effects (including background layer and digital layer) on the test chart by different observers.
Detailed Description
The invention designs and manufactures the background layer and the digital layer of the color vision classification detection graph, and respectively outputs the background layer, the fixed digital layer and the variable digital layer of the detection graph at different given positions of the same printing material by using the ink (or ink, toner and dye) with different spectrum primary colors, so that the colors of the background layer and the variable digital layer form a near-metamerism color sample pair. The color spectrum reflection curves of the background layer and the variable digital layer have larger difference, and the CIEDE2000 color difference value calculated by using different color matching functions of the background layer and the variable digital layer has larger difference. The observer with normal color vision has different spectral responses of the red, green and blue cone cells, so that part of the observer can clearly identify and read the numbers on the background layer, and the color difference between the background layer and the number layer is larger; on the contrary, part of the observers can not clearly read the numbers on the background layer because the color difference between the background layer and the number layer is small. And classifying the images into different color matching functions (namely red, green and blue spectrum cone cell response functions) according to the result of the classification detection image read by an observer.
The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a color vision classification detection image, which comprises the following steps:
(1) in Photoshop image processing software, a background layer and a digital layer of a detection image are designed and manufactured, the image mode is an RGB mode, the resolution is set to be 300dpi, and the size is 10cm multiplied by 14 cm. The detection graph is similar to the achromatopsia detection graph, and circles with the same size are uniformly arranged to form the detection graph, and the diameter of the detection graph is 5 mm. The detection map comprises two parts, namely a background layer and a digital layer, wherein the digital layer comprises a fixed digital layer and variable digital layers 1 and 2, the fixed digital layer and the background layer are taken as a whole (as shown in figure 1-1), the variable digital layers are respectively positioned at different positions (as shown in figures 1-2 and 1-3) of the detection map, and the fixed digital layer and the variable digital layers can be separated and combined. The spectral reflectance curves of variable digital layer 1 and variable digital layer 2 may be similar, identical, or different, but the spectral reflectance curves of variable digital layers 1, 2 must be different from the spectral reflectance curve of the background layer.
(2) The color of the background layer of the detection image is set to gray (R122, G119, and B109) in Photoshop image processing software, the color of the fixed digital layer is set to R140, G130, and B129, and the background layer and the fixed digital layer of the detection image are printed out on digital color printing paper by an Epson Stylus Pro7908 inkjet printer, as shown in fig. 1-1, where the fixed digital layer plays a role in magnifying the lightness color difference. The spectral reflectance curve of the background layer color was measured using an X-rite eXact spectrophotometer (measurement wavelength range 400nm-700nm, bandwidth 10nm, measurement aperture 4mm) as shown in FIG. 2. The CIEDE2000 color difference value of the background layer and the fixed digital layer is more than or equal to 5.0.
(3) The primary color ink (or ink, toner, dye) having a large difference from the background layer color spectrum was selected, a print patch satisfying the requirement was found on an OKI C9600 color laser printer, and the determined patches were taken as variable digital layers 1 and 2, and the spectral reflectance curves of the variable digital layers 1, 2 were measured with an X-rite eXact spectrophotometer as shown in fig. 2.
(4) The CIEDE2000 color difference values calculated by substituting the spectral reflectance curves of the background layer and the variable digital layers 1 and 2 in the steps (2) and (3) into the CIE1931 and CIE1964 color matching functions respectively have larger differences, that is, the CIEDE2000 color difference values calculated by the CIE1931 color matching functions of the colors of the background layer and the digital layers are smaller/larger, but the CIEDE2000 color difference values calculated by the CIE1964 color matching functions are just opposite (larger/smaller), as shown in table 1. The color difference value calculated by one color matching function is less than or equal to 1.2, and the color difference value calculated by the other color matching function is more than or equal to 3.0.
TABLE 1 CIEL of background and digital layer colors*a*b*Chromatic value and CIE DE2000 color difference value
In Table 1, CIE1931 and CIE1964 are used for the background layer and the variable number layers 1 and 2, respectivelyCalculating CIEL by color matching function*a*b*Chroma values and CIEDE2000 color difference values. The CIEDE2000 color difference values calculated by the CIE1931 color matching functions for the background layer and the variable digital layer 1 are large (4.15), but the CIEDE2000 color difference values calculated by the CIE1964 color matching functions are small (1.16); while the CIEDE2000 color difference values calculated with the two color matching functions for the colors of the background layer and the variable digital layer 2 are just opposite, the CIEDE2000 color difference values calculated with the CIE1931 color matching function are small (0.89), but the CIEDE2000 color difference values calculated with the CIE1964 color matching function are large (3.03).
As shown in fig. 3, a CIEDE2000 color difference distribution histogram of the background layer and the variable digital layer is calculated using two color matching functions CIE1931, CIE 1964. The color difference of the variable digital layer 1 calculated by the CIE1931 color matching function is larger than 3.0 and can be recognized by human eyes, but the color difference calculated by the CIE1964 color matching function is smaller than 1.2 and cannot be perceived by human eyes; the variable digital layer 2 has exactly the opposite result, the color difference calculated with the CIE1931 color matching function is less than 1.2, imperceptible to the human eye, but the color difference calculated with the CIE1964 color matching function is greater than 3.0, recognizable to the human eye. This trend was used to classify the cone cell responses of different observers.
(5) With an Epson Stylus Pro7908 inkjet printer, variable digital layers 1 and 2 are output on the paper that had been printed with the background layer in step (2), and the background layer and digital layer are accurately positioned when the output is printed.
(6) The background layer and digital layer colors output in step (2) and step (5) constitute a color vision normal observer classification detection chart, as shown in fig. 4-1 and 4-2. 4-1 and 4-2, someone can recognize the numbers in FIG. 4-1 but cannot clearly perceive the numbers of FIG. 4-2; whereas some viewers, on the contrary, can recognize the numbers in fig. 4-2, but cannot clearly perceive the numbers of fig. 4-1.
This indicates that there are observer retinal cone responses close to the CIE1931CMFs, while there are observer cone responses close to the CIE1964 CMFs. The color vision detection image is obtained by that an observer perceives different color differences between a background layer and a digital layer, recognizes and reads different numbers on the background layer, and then classifies cone cell responses of the observer. It should be noted that the creation of the detection map is not limited to the two color matching functions CIE1931 and CIE1964, and may also be used to classify a plurality of color matching functions.
The invention outputs the background layer and the digital layer of the detection image at different positions of the same printing material by selecting the ink (or ink, toner and dye) with different spectrum primary colors. The color difference value of CIEDE2000 calculated by substituting different color matching functions I and II into the background layer and the digital layer is large, and human eyes can obviously recognize the difference value. The normal observer of look vision, when watching the inspection picture, different observers see different visual effects to through the number difference on observer's recognition background layer, classify it, for example: part of observers can clearly read a pair of numbers on the background layer, namely, the part of observers are classified as observers I; some viewers can clearly read another pair of numbers on the background layer, i.e. classified as viewer II. The detection graph is similar to a color blindness detection graph, and can quickly and conveniently classify the spectral response capacity of red, green and blue cone cells of a color vision normal observer, so that the color resolution capacity of the color vision normal observer is divided.
Claims (7)
1. A method for making a color vision classification detection graph comprises the following steps:
(1) making a detection image in image processing software, wherein the detection image comprises a background layer and a digital layer, and the digital layer comprises a fixed digital layer and a variable digital layer; wherein, a certain color difference exists between the fixed digital layer and the background layer, and human eyes can obviously recognize the difference of the two colors; the colors of the variable digital layer and the background layer are close to or the same, but the spectral reflection curves have larger difference, so that a near metamerism pair or a metamerism pair is formed;
(2) selecting primary color ink, ink powder or dye, reproducing a background layer and a fixed digital layer of the detection image, and taking the color of the background layer as a target color;
(3) selecting another primary color ink, toner or dye, reproducing the variable digital layer of the detection image, and using the color of the variable digital layer as a comparison color;
(4) the background layer, the fixed digital layer and the variable digital layer form a color vision classification detection graph on a printing material; the detection graph is formed by uniformly arranging dots with the same size, and a background layer, a fixed digital layer and a variable digital layer of the detection graph are respectively positioned at different positions of the detection graph to jointly form a complete detection graph; the CIEDE2000 color difference values of the colors of the background layer and the variable digital layer calculated by adopting two different color matching functions have different trends, the color difference value calculated by using one color matching function is larger, and human eyes can distinguish the color difference; the color difference value calculated by using another color matching function is small, and human eyes cannot distinguish the color difference; the CIEDE2000 color difference value of the fixed digital layer and the background layer is more than or equal to 5.0.
2. The method of producing a color vision classification detection chart according to claim 1, characterized in that: the color matching functions include CIE1931, CIE1964, Sarkar1, Sarkar2, Sarkar3, Sarkar4, Sarkar5, Sarkar6, Sarkar7 and Sarkar 8.
3. The method of producing a color vision classification detection chart according to claim 2, characterized in that: two color matching functions are selected to calculate the CIEDE2000 color difference value of the background layer and the variable digital layer, the color difference value calculated by one color matching function is less than or equal to 1.2, and the color difference value calculated by the other color matching function is more than or equal to 3.0.
4. The method of producing a color vision classification detection chart according to claim 1, characterized in that: the variable digital layers are two or more, the two or more variable digital layers are located at different positions of the detection graph, and simultaneously, the variable digital layers, the background layer and the fixed digital layer form the detection graph.
5. The method of producing a color vision classification detection chart according to claim 4, characterized in that: the color difference value calculated by a first color matching function of a variable digital layer is large and can be identified by human eyes; the color difference value calculated by the second color matching function is small and can not be identified by human eyes; the other variable digital layer is just opposite, and the color difference value calculated by the first color matching function is small and can not be identified by human eyes; the color difference value calculated by the second color matching function is large and can be identified by human eyes.
6. The method of producing a color vision classification detection chart according to claim 1, characterized in that: respectively reproducing the colors of the background layer and the digital layer of the detection image in corresponding areas of the same printing material by adopting a traditional printing, digital printing or coating mode; or the detection map is presented in a self-reflecting manner.
7. The method of producing a color vision classification detection chart according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the observer with normal color vision can see different visual results by watching the classification detection chart, so that the response capability classification of the red, green and blue cone cells of the observer with normal color vision is realized.
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| CN112087554A (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2020-12-15 | 天津科技大学 | Method for preparing color block array with uniform visual chromatic aberration in specified color range |
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