CN108536871A - Particle filter and the music Melody extraction method and device for limiting Dynamic Programming search range - Google Patents
Particle filter and the music Melody extraction method and device for limiting Dynamic Programming search range Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 72
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012952 Resampling Methods 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
Particle filter and the music Melody extraction method and device for limiting Dynamic Programming search range,Belong to music information retrieval field,In order to solve to take into account conspicuousness and flatness in music Melody extraction method,And the problem of reducing the influence accompanied by force in short-term,Main points are under particle filter frame,Throw particle at random,The likelihood function of particle filter is modeled as each harmonic amplitude square and product with the smooth sex factor of harmonic wave,With logistic fitting of distribution transition functions,By the prediction of particle filter and renewal equation, recurrence completes theme pitch sequence rough estimate frame by frame,Then it is smoothed,Treated for cunning of making even per the upper of frame pitch,Search range of the lower octave range as the theme pitch of the frame,And it executes dynamic programming algorithm in the range of limitation and is estimated with obtaining final theme pitch sequence.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to music information retrieval field, it is related to a kind of particle filter and limits the sound of Dynamic Programming search range
Happy Melody extraction method and device.
Background technology
Melody extraction in music information retrieval field estimates theme pitch sequence from music signal, leads
It will be according to being the conspicuousness of theme ingredient and sequential continuity in music.Traditional Melody extraction method is mostly theme
It extracts PROBLEM DECOMPOSITION and builds two sub-problems at the estimation of multitone height and melody contours, lead to not take into account two characteristics simultaneously,
The high estimation stages of multitone do not account for the high correlation of successive frame pitch.The it is proposeds such as Jo are modeled using Bayesian filter frame
Melody extraction problem, and estimate parameter by particle filter method, but there is still a need for carry out before particle filter for this method
Multitone height is estimated, and needs estimation (S.Jo, C.D.Yoo, and A.Doucet, Melody tracking with more parameter
based on sequential Bayesian model,IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal
Processing,2011,5(6):1216–1227.)。
In addition, music signal is extremely complex, there are typical non-stationary essential characteristic, i.e., certain accompaniment tone work(strong in short-term
Rate can exceed that theme ingredient, and theme pitch frequencies are distributed more widely, including several octave ranges, cause existing scheme to exist
The wrong pitch and octave error for coming from accompaniment tone in Melody extraction are widely present.
Invention content
In order to solve to take into account conspicuousness and flatness in music Melody extraction method, and reduces and accompany by force in short-term
The problem of influence, the present invention propose following scheme：
A kind of particle filter and the music Melody extraction method for limiting Dynamic Programming search range, in particle filter frame
Under, throw particle at random, by the likelihood function of particle filter be modeled as each harmonic amplitude square and with the smooth sex factor of harmonic wave
Product, with logistic fitting of distribution transition functions, by the prediction of particle filter and renewal equation, recurrence completes master frame by frame
Melody pitch sequence rough estimate, is then smoothed it, the sliding upper and lower octave model that treated per frame pitch of making even
The search range of the theme pitch as the frame is enclosed, and dynamic programming algorithm is executed finally to be led in the range of limitation
Melody pitch sequence is estimated.
A kind of particle filter and the music Melody extraction device for limiting Dynamic Programming search range, are stored with a plurality of finger
It enables, described instruction is loaded and executed suitable for processor：Under particle filter frame, particle is thrown at random, by the likelihood of particle filter
Function modelling is each harmonic amplitude square and the product with the smooth sex factor of harmonic wave, with logistic fitting of distribution transition probabilities
Function, by the prediction of particle filter and renewal equation, recurrence completes theme pitch sequence rough estimate frame by frame, then to its into
Row smoothing processing, the search model for theme pitch of the sliding upper and lower octave range that treated per frame pitch as the frame of making even
It encloses, and executes dynamic programming algorithm in the range of being defined and estimated with obtaining final theme pitch sequence.
The conspicuousness of melody and flatness are fused in particle filter frame by the present invention, and conspicuousness passes through in particle filter
The each harmonic amplitude square and mode of likelihood function embody, and transition probability is then fitted in particle filter by flatness
The mode of logistic distributions realizes that the frame is completed at the same time the estimation of multitone height and melody contours structure in this way, realizes significantly
Property and flatness are taken into account.
The present invention obtains the rough estimate of theme pitch sequence using particle filter, is then made smoothing processing, uses
To limit the theme pitch search range of Dynamic Programming, then final theme sound is obtained in the range of limiting by Dynamic Programming
High sequence estimation, the strong accompaniment reduced outside search range influence；The present invention introduces penalty factor into one in the Dynamic Programming stage
Step reduces the influence accompanied by force in short-term.
For the present invention in the likelihood function of particle filter, introducing the smooth sex factor of harmonic wave reduces octave error；The present invention
The Dynamic Programming stage the notable angle value of each Frequency point is defined as each harmonic component in theme pitch search range
The weighted sum of amplitude further reduced octave error.
Specific implementation mode
This disclosure relates to a kind of music Melody extraction method, for solve traditional Melody extraction method can not take into account it is aobvious
Work property and the successional problem of sequential, at the same it is non-stationary caused from the wrong pitch of accompaniment tone for reducing music signal
With octave error.
Its scheme is as follows：Under particle filter frame, particle is thrown at random, and the likelihood function of particle filter is modeled as each time
The product of harmonic amplitude quadratic sum and the smooth sex factor of harmonic wave is filtered with logistic fitting of distribution transition functions by particle
Recurrence completes theme pitch sequence rough estimate frame by frame for the prediction of wave and renewal equation, is then smoothed, takes to it
Search range of the upper and lower octave range of every frame pitch after smoothing processing as the theme pitch of the frame, and in being defined
In the range of execute dynamic programming algorithm and estimated with obtaining final theme pitch sequence.
Conspicuousness and sequential continuity are fused in same frame by this method；It is mutually tied with Dynamic Programming using particle filter
The two benches scheme of conjunction limits the possible range of final theme pitch sequence, reduces in the estimation of theme pitch in short-term
Strong accompaniment tone influences；Using the significance function of the smooth sex factor of harmonic wave in particle filter and weighted sum in Dynamic Programming,
Reduce the octave error in the estimation of theme pitch.
This method specifically comprises the following steps：
S1, the normal Q transformation for calculating music signal；
Calculate the normal Q transform methods of music signal：Framing is carried out to the music signal of non-stationary, is then converted using normal Q
The range value for calculating each Frequency point according to log series model has 36 Frequency points for pressing log series model per octave range.
S2, the rough estimate for obtaining the theme pitch sequence based on particle filter；
The method for obtaining the theme pitch sequence rough estimate based on particle filter：
Initialization：WhereinIt indicates
The original pitch of i-th of particleIt obeys and is uniformly distributed in [110Hz, 1200Hz] range, Np=300 be population,Table
Show i-th of particle weights.
Iterative solution：
(1) transition probability is pressed, predicts t frame melody pitch frequencies：
According to pitch transition probability statistic analysis result in actual music, pitch transition probability is modeled as logistic points
Cloth, probability density function are：
Wherein x=f0,t/f0,t-1, f0,tFor t frame melody pitch frequencies, and μ=1.00003, s=0.0055045.
(2) particle weights are calculated
Wherein P and S has respectively represented the power harmony popin slip factor of i-th of particle of t frames, is respectively defined as：
Wherein Am,tFor i-th of particle pitch frequencies f of t frames0,tThe amplitude of corresponding m order harmonic components, H are maximum
Overtone order.
(3) particle weights are normalized
(4) number of effective particles amount is calculated
IfReinitialize particle pitchJump to step (1)；Otherwise, it jumps to
Step (5), wherein fminAnd fmaxIt is the lower-frequency limit and the upper limit of theme pitch respectively.
(5) current melody pitch estimation is calculated
WhereinIt is the average value of each particle pitch frequencies of maximum weight.
(6) resampling is carried out according to normalized weight to particle, and the particle weights after all resamplings is all set to 1/
Np。
(7) t=t+1 is enabled, if t≤Nfrm(NfrmFor the totalframes of audio), jump to step (1)；Otherwise, terminate iteration mistake
Journey.
After the step of terminating (1)-(7), byConstitute theme pitch sequence rough estimate.
S3, the smooth estimated sequence of theme pitch sequence is obtained；
The method for obtaining the smooth estimated sequence of theme pitch sequence：To the theme pitch in front and back 100 milliseconds of time
Sequence rough estimate result is averaged, as the smooth estimated value of theme pitch sequence of present frame, the smooth estimation of each frame
Value constitutes the smooth estimated sequence of theme pitch sequence.
S4, final theme pitch sequence estimation is obtained；
The method for obtaining final theme pitch sequence estimation：
(1) using the octave range up and down of every smooth estimated value of frame theme pitch sequence as the theme pitch of the frame
Search range.
(2) the notable angle value S of each Frequency point in per frame theme pitch search range is calculatedt′(f)：
Wherein Nh=10 be maximum overtone order, | Xt(hf) | it is the h subharmonic amplitudes of frequency f.
(3) to the S ' of every framet(f) it is normalized, obtains St(f):
(4) final theme pitch sequence value is obtained using dynamic programming algorithm, the primary condition of Dynamic Programming is：
D(1,ft,j)=S1(fj) (11)
Wherein D (t, ft,j) it is that t frames take ft,jAs the accumulated costs function of melody pitch, S1(fj) obtained by formula (10)
It arrives, is value of the significance function in j-th of frequency point of the 1st frame.Then solve the recurrence formula of theme pitch sequence optimal solution
For：
D(t,ft,j)=St(fj)+max{D(t-1,ft-1,k)-λd(ft-1,k,ft,j), t=1 ..., Nfrm (12)
Wherein ft,jFor the probable value of t frame theme pitches, ft-1,kFor t-1 frame theme pitch estimated values, d
(ft-1,k,ft,j) it is ft-1,kAnd ft,jHalf beat, λ=0.05 be penalty factor.Wherein, ft,j、ft-1,kIn j,kUse difference
Symbolic indication, be the t-1 frame theme pitch estimated values f due to when iterating to t framest-1,kIt has obtained and to determine
Value, and the probable value f of t frame theme pitchest,jIt does not determine also, thus to show difference.
Continuous iterative formula (12) obtains final theme pitch sequence estimation.
The conspicuousness of melody and flatness are fused in particle filter frame by the present invention, and conspicuousness passes through in particle filter
The each harmonic amplitude square and mode of likelihood function embody, and transition probability is then fitted in particle filter by flatness
The mode of logistic distributions realizes that the frame is completed at the same time the estimation of multitone height and melody contours structure in this way.It is short in order to reduce
When accompany by force influence, the present invention is solved by two approach：(1) it uses particle filter to obtain the rough of theme pitch sequence to estimate
Meter, is then made smoothing processing, to limit the theme pitch search range of Dynamic Programming, then is being limited by Dynamic Programming
In the range of obtain the estimation of final theme pitch sequence, reduce the strong accompaniment influence outside search range；(2) in Dynamic Programming
Stage introduces penalty factor and is further reduced the influence accompanied by force in short-term.In order to reduce octave error, the present invention passes through two sides
Formula solves：(1) in the likelihood function of particle filter, introducing the smooth sex factor of harmonic wave reduces octave error；(2) Dynamic Programming rank
The notable angle value of each Frequency point is defined as the weighted sum of each harmonic component amplitude by section in theme pitch search range,
Further decrease octave error.Therefore, conspicuousness and flatness have both been fused to particle filter this frame by the present invention simultaneously
In, and reduce the influence accompanied by force in short-term and octave error.
Namely by said program, scheme has the advantages that described in the present embodiment：Conspicuousness and flatness are merged
Into particle filter frame, the estimation of multitone height and melody contours structure can be completed at the same time；Pass through particle filter and Dynamic Programming phase
In conjunction with scheme complete final theme pitch sequence estimation, and theme pitch search range is limited in Dynamic Programming,
Penalty factor is also introduced, the influence accompanied by force in short-term is reduced；By introducing the smooth sex factor of harmonic wave in particle filter and moving
The significance function of weighted sum reduces the octave error in the estimation of theme pitch in state planning.
Music Melody extraction method described in the present embodiment, disclosed in the Jo that is addressed in disclosure background technology etc.
Scheme compares, and difference is as follows：
1. the likelihood function and transitional provavility density of the method for the method of the present invention and Jo etc. are all different, there is different sounds
High significance describes method and transitional provavility density expression formula, especially probability density, and method of the invention is in actual music
Take statistics analysis on the basis of audio, and pitch transition probability is fitted to logistic distributions, and the method for Jo etc. is with conventional
Gaussian density be fitted transition probability；This method also introduces the smooth sex factor of harmonic wave in likelihood function and is missed to reduce octave
Difference；
The theme pitch that the method for 2.Jo etc. first estimates to obtain each frame with multitone height is candidate, then uses particle filter
Method obtains final theme pitch sequence.In certain theme notes ending, power is likely less than certain strong accompaniments
Occasion, the method for Jo etc. still cannot exclude these wrong pitches, and accuracy is poor；
3. the flow of two methods is different, method of the invention is the Dynamic Programming again of first particle filter, and the method for Jo etc. is
First multitone height estimates particle filter again；
4. there is this method less parameter, parameter adjustment to be easy；And the method for Jo etc. has more parameter, adjustment tired
It is difficult.
By above-mentioned, music has very strong non-stationary property, and strong accompaniment tone may be more than theme within certain short time
Power, for example, in certain note endings, possible theme power is accompanied less than some；In addition, octave error is also often deposited
, in some note playing procedure, estimation pitch can because each harmonic amplitude proportional variation and different octaves it
Between switch.Therefore, if the approximate range of theme can be determined in advance, the accompaniment pitch and octave error outside range will be filtered out.
The melody pitch that the method for the propositions such as Jo first estimates to obtain each frame with multitone height is candidate, then uses particle filter
Method obtains final theme pitch sequence.This method cannot still solve the above problems.Method proposed by the present invention is used first
Particle filter estimates melody pitch, equally also has the above problem, but the result of particle filter method estimation is most of all
It is accurate, therefore make smoothing processing just to estimated sequence to weaken the influence of erroneous estimation, still can determine that melody pitch substantially
Range recycles Dynamic Programming to deal in confined range, can filter out the pitch and eight of accompanying by force in short-term outside range
Spend error.
The preferable specific implementation mode of the above, only the invention, but the protection domain of the invention is not
It is confined to this, any one skilled in the art is in the technical scope that the invention discloses, according to the present invention
The technical solution of creation and its inventive concept are subject to equivalent substitution or change, should all cover the invention protection domain it
It is interior.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of particle filter and the music Melody extraction method for limiting Dynamic Programming search range, it is characterised in that：In grain
Under sub- filter frame, particle is thrown at random, and the likelihood function of particle filter is modeled as each harmonic amplitude square and is put down with harmonic wave
The product of the slip factor, with logistic fitting of distribution transition functions, frame by frame by the prediction of particle filter and renewal equation
Recurrence completes theme pitch sequence rough estimate, is then smoothed to it, and treated for cunning of making even per frame pitch
Upper and lower search range of the octave range as the theme pitch of the frame, and calculated in executing Dynamic Programming in confined range
Method is estimated with obtaining final theme pitch sequence.
2. a kind of particle filter and the music Melody extraction device for limiting Dynamic Programming search range, which is characterized in that storage
There are a plurality of instruction, described instruction to load and execute suitable for processor：Under particle filter frame, particle is thrown at random, and particle is filtered
The likelihood function of wave is modeled as each harmonic amplitude square and the product with the smooth sex factor of harmonic wave, with logistic fittings of distribution
Transition function, by the prediction of particle filter and renewal equation, recurrence completes theme pitch sequence rough estimate frame by frame, so
It is smoothed afterwards, the sliding theme pitch that treated per the upper and lower octave range of frame pitch as the frame of making even
Search range, and estimated with obtaining final theme pitch sequence in executing dynamic programming algorithm in confined range.
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| CN111709964A (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2020-09-25 | 重庆理工大学 | PCBA target edge detection method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111709964A (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2020-09-25 | 重庆理工大学 | PCBA target edge detection method |
| CN111709964B (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2023-04-25 | 重庆理工大学 | PCBA target edge detection method |
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