CN1085357A - Battery charger - Google Patents

Abstract

A kind of battery charger of former Alkaline Zinc/manganese dioxide battery is used to charge.This battery charger comprises and is used on 25 degrees centigrade producing from about 1.6 to the device of about 1.7 a volts direct voltage and be used for one by one and limit the device that this battery charger sends to the voltage of each battery independently.This charger also comprises and is used for one by one and limits described battery charger independently and act on the device of the electric current on each described battery and be used for one by one and change the device that acts on the electric current on each described battery continuously.In case any one battery in the charging has reached its desired voltage, the electric current that this charger will act on the described battery is reduced to zero current basically.

Description

Battery charger

The application's corresponding U. S. application is the part continuation application of 07/826, No. 002 common pending application application of U.S. Patent application of submitting on January 27th, 1992 of applicant.

The invention discloses a kind of battery charger that is applicable to the alkali manganese primary cell that charging is traditional.

Battery manufacturers often dissuasion recharges primary cell.Thereby, for example " stationary battery project data " (Eveready Battery Engineering Data) (Union Carbide Corporation by name, New York, 1968) on second page of publication, " if ' EVEREADY ' primary cell is subjected to any type of recharging, then institute is guaranteed ... all with invalid and calcellation to have proposed such warning.Note the discussion on the 23rd page "

The publication of this Union Carbide Corporation discloses under the certain limitation condition for the 23rd page, and primary cell can charge.Quoted the clause (passing round letters LC965) of State Standard Bureau, the statement of this publication say " though dry cell is thought a kind of primary cell in nominal, the limited number of times of its rechargeable under certain condition.1, when taking out battery charge from use, the operating voltage of discharge should not be lower than 1.0 volts on each battery.2, battery should charge after taking out from use immediately.3, the ampere-hour that recharges should be the 120%-180% of discharge.4, charge rate should be hanged down to be enough to be distributed on 12-16 hour recharge time.5, because the battery storage time limit that recharges is not long, should come into operation immediately after the charging ".

Publication as this Union Carbide Corporation is disclosed, and the prior art method that recharges primary cell does not have attraction.At first, 1.0 volts of above discharge operating voltages have seriously limited the available energy that can extract from battery, only represent the shallow-layer discharge.The second, charging immediately after a battery taken out from use is not often can to accomplish.The 3rd, the end user of battery is unwilling usually with 16 hours recharge a battery for a long time and wish short recharging period.The 4th, have the short shelf life with the storage battery that has technology to produce earlier.

One object of the present invention is for providing a kind of battery charger that is used to recharge primary cell, and it allows that the discharge operating voltage significantly is lower than 1.0 volts.

Another object of the present invention is for providing a kind of battery charger that is used to recharge primary cell, and the reaction that it recharges time-delay is minimum.

Another purpose of the present invention is for providing a kind of battery charger, and it can recharge a primary cell effectively being short in about 8 hours.

Another purpose of the present invention is for providing a kind of battery charger, and it will provide the primary cell that recharges between the storage life with remarkable enhancement.

Another purpose of the present invention is for providing a kind of battery charger that recharges rechargeable alkali manganese (" RAM ") battery that is applicable to.

Another purpose of the present invention is for providing a kind of battery charger that recharges rechargeable nickel-cadmium cell and carbon zinc battery commonly used that is applicable to.

Another purpose of the present invention is for providing a kind of battery charger that recharges lithium thionyl chloride cell that is applicable to.

Another purpose of the present invention is for providing a kind of battery charger that recharges lithium-sulfur cell that is applicable to.

According to the present invention, a kind of battery charger is provided, it comprises: with the device of each battery in a plurality of batteries of the independent charging of the direct current of electric current with appointment and range of voltage values, be used for the galvanic device of independent control action on each battery of described battery, and be used for the device that each battery to described battery provides the different quantity of electric charge.

When the following detailed description of contrast reading in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, will more fully understand the present invention, in the accompanying drawings, identical reference number indicates components identical, wherein:

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment that utilizes the battery charger of the present invention of dipulse reverse current pattern;

Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram that utilizes the of the present invention another kind of better electrical electrolytic battery charger of dipulse reverse current pattern;

Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of another kind of better electrical electrolytic battery charger of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is follow-on schematic diagram of the battery charger of Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is applicable to the charge schematic diagram of battery charger of battery pack of a series of connections of individual branc circuit adjustment;

Fig. 6 is follow-on schematic diagram of the battery charger of Fig. 5;

Fig. 7 is follow-on schematic diagram of the battery charger of Fig. 6;

Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram of the battery charger of shunt adjustment;

Fig. 9 fills the schematic diagram of device for the another kind of preferable battery charge in the scope of the present invention.

In an exemplary preferred embodiment, the battery charger of the present invention former zinc manganese dioxide battery that is used to charge.As known to the person skilled in the art person, these former zinc manganese dioxide batteries are considered to recharge usually, because they are not arrived the protection of irreversible chemical state, just they are abandoned after being preferably in the energy of using up them.

For person skilled in the art person, these zinc manganese dioxide primary cells are known as " dry cell ", " high power type dry cell " and " alkaline primary cell "; And they are easy to buy.Thereby, as example rather than restriction, and with reference to No. 110 (Newark Electronics of Newark electronic catalog of products, Chicago, the Illinois State, 1989), everybody can buy Eveready EN91 alkaline battery (seeing 562 pages), Eveready101-5 zinc-carbon cell (seeing 562 pages), Eveready EV15 industrial general zinc-carbon cell (seeing 562 pages), Eveready EV115 industry high power zinc-carbon cell (562 pages), Duracell MN1500 alkaline battery (564 pages) and the like.

As example, dry cell can be a kind of zinc-ammonium chloride-manganese dioxide carbon system; For example see " battery and energy system " (Batteries ﹠amp of Charles Mantell; Energy System) (McGraw-Rill company, New York, 1983) 34-54 page or leaf.Thereby for example this dry cell also can be zinc-alkali-manganese dioxide primary cell (seeing the 55-67 page or leaf of Mantell book), perhaps a kind of high power " dry cell " (see the Mantell book 70 pages), and like that.

In a preferred embodiment, be used for battery alkaline manganese dioxide primary cell preferably of applicant's process.As example, one of this battery is 4,857, and is disclosed in No. 424 United States Patent (USP)s, introduces the open as reference of this patent in this manual.In the remainder of this section, contrast the use of this battery with reference to process, be to be understood that this process also can be applied to other zinc-carbon cell.

The charger of the applicant invention can recharge one and discharge into a less degree or battery largely; And in addition, it to recharge one be not the battery (when relating to nickel-cadmium cell, its so-called " battery of sleep " or " battery with memory effect ") that drops into charging from use after taking out immediately yet.Thereby applicant's charger is that the charger passed round described in the letters of more above-mentioned significantly State Standard Bureau is more omnipotent; And there is the storage life of having promoted significantly than the battery that prior art charger produced by the battery of applicant's the charging that charger produced.

Reverse impulse charger of the present invention

Below among described applicant's the embodiment of invention, this battery charger both provided a long reverse impulse and provided the reverse impulse of a weak point to it to the battery that is recharged.

Battery after the discharge is connected on applicant's the battery charger, all mentions this charger in this manual everywhere.After this, in the first step of process, a plurality of charging pulses are offered battery.

A source of current pulses is connected on the switching device, again the latter is connected on the battery.The switching device basis electric state of battery is at that time supplied with battery to be charged with a particular current pulse selectively.

Employed current impulse preferably has the DC pulse in about at least 1 millisecond cycle among this embodiment of applicant's charger, and preferably from about 1 to about 8 milliseconds, as what preferably from common AC power, obtain easily.DC pulse is good to have for about 5 to about 7 milliseconds cycle, and preferably about 6 milliseconds.Yet as what person skilled in the art person understood, also can use provides significantly the filter power supply of long pulse choice.

Current impulse will have the mean value of the raw capacity that is no more than about 40% battery, and be more preferably from about 9% raw capacity to about 20% battery.The raw capacity of battery is the current rating that manufacturer gives this battery.Thereby for example the AA alkaline battery was rated for 1.5 ampere-hours at 8 hours on the rated value; And the pulse that is used to recharge this battery should be not more than about 200 milliamperes mean value usually.

In this embodiment of the charger of applicant's invention, be provided with and be used to judge the device that whether needs specific DC pulse is sent to by switching device battery.This decision maker is measured on the time point of the storage values of cell voltage and an appointment in discharge cycle (below discussion) subsequently itself and a reference voltage is compared.If the storage values of cell voltage is lower than this reference voltage, then current impulse is sent to battery.If the storage values of cell voltage is higher than this reference voltage, then current impulse is not sent to battery.

The reference voltage of battery is the desired final voltage of rechargeable battery; This is with from approximately-0.07% being defined on 25 degrees centigrade to-0.13% an approximate negative temperature coefficient of every degree centigrade.Therefore, for a former alkaline battery of manganese dioxide, reference voltage is approximately 1.585 volts at least, and is preferably from about 1.60 volts to about 1.65 volts; In one embodiment, this reference voltage is 1.62 volts at 25 degrees centigrade.

In this embodiment of applicant's charger, for an alkaline battery, in any case reference voltage is no more than 1.7 volts.When this process was used for lead acid accumulator, the reference voltage limit was 2.45 volts on each battery.When this process was used for a RAM battery, the reference voltage limit was 1.7 volts on each battery.When this process was used for a nickel-cadmium cell, the reference voltage limit was 1.42 volts on each battery, and in this case, its represents the transient voltage between that electric current limits and the constant current charge.Usually reference voltage must not surpass the long-term safety floating voltage of battery.

In a preferred embodiment shown in Figure 1,, then battery is provided with a little additional current path and supplies with the twice supply voltage if battery can not receive and conduct by switching device from the current impulse of available supply voltage to its transmission.Do not wish to be subjected to the constraint of any particular theory, the applicant deeply convinces that this additional current source has guaranteed to stand the initial chargeable property of the battery after long-term discharge is stored.As what person skilled in the art person understood, normally resist initial charge through the excide battery of long-term storage after the discharge.

In this embodiment of applicant's charger, except optionally to battery to be charged provides periodic DC pulse, battery periodically discharges.Periodically extract DC pulse from battery.These pulses have the cycle of from about 5% to about 35% DC charging pulse; And the current value that they time also have from about 10% to about 25% the average current value that obtains from charging pulse in discharge.Therefore, as example, for a system with 60 hertz of power supply timing, it will provide about 200 a milliamperes average current value for the charging pulse in about 6 milliseconds scope, and discharge pulse preferably has for about 1.0 to about 1.5 milliseconds cycle usually and has about 40 a milliamperes transient current value with 120 hertz of repetition rates.

Generally, discharge pulse is represented the loss of about 3% to 8% available charger energy.

Except short charging pulse being provided and extracting the shorter discharge pulse from battery, the charger of this embodiment of applicant's invention is also periodically ended charging process and is provided from one period long time interval of battery continuous discharge.

At least be approximately 0.5 second the perdurabgility of " continuously " discharge pulse, preferably about at least 1.0 seconds.

The current value that extracts in long-pulse discharge is typically about 10% to about 25% the average current value that obtains from charging pulse.In an embodiment shown in Figure 1, the current value of long discharge pulse is substantially equal to the current value of short discharge pulse.In this embodiment, can utilize shared discharge component.

Preferably about 2% to about 15% total charging time is represented by periodicity long discharge pulse.Thereby as example, when long-pulse discharge had about 2 seconds perdurabgility, the time between the long pulse was approximately 30 seconds.

Usually, when the charger with Fig. 1 is used for alkaline battery, nickel-cadmium cell and RAM battery, preferably about 10 seconds to the about 60 seconds time between the long pulse; When being used for nickel-cadmium cell and RAM battery, can use and the employed similar pulse pattern of alkaline battery.As a comparison, when being used for lead acid accumulator, be about 15 to about 30 seconds the perdurabgility of long pulse, and the time between long pulse approximately from 15 to about 30 seconds, and the time between long pulse is approximately from 1.5 minutes to about 5 minutes.

Be not subjected to the restriction of any particular theory, the applicant deeply convinces that the charging that surmounts initial receiver stage (in alkaline battery common 40%) of adopting the short pulse pattern and obtaining receives and improves, make suitable Battery disposal become possibility in conjunction with long pulse pattern (it makes deep discharge or recharge the back battery of depositing that discharges continuously and can promote the recovery of battery capacity), and need not be offset the safe float voltage limit that exceeds battery and not need to be used for the required huge hardware of this mode of operation.

In the embodiment of applicant's shown in Figure 1 charger, be provided with and be used on the time point when discharge is ended, measuring and the device of the magnitude of voltage of storage battery.On this point, the information of relevant cell voltage is used for judging by a comparator whether it surpasses reference voltage in the time.As noted above, when the cell voltage when discharge is ended surpasses reference voltage, then do not send current impulse (no matter but the value of battery storage voltage is that much discharge pulses are still on schedule from the battery extraction) to battery.Otherwise when the cell voltage of storage during less than reference voltage, then the allowable current stream of pulses is to battery.

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of battery charger 10 of applicant's invention.The embodiment of Fig. 1 is applicable to two alkaline batteries that charge independently.Person skilled in the art person should be able to understand that when battery charger 10 was used to the battery (such as lead-acid battery) of other kind, circuit must provide different time constant and current value.

Referring to Fig. 1, alkaline battery can be connected a little 12 and public bus 14 between, another alkaline battery then can be connected a little 16 and public bus 14 between.For person skilled in the art person, will be understood that the similar circuit that to design the battery that is applicable to charging 4,8,20 or arbitrarily individual desired number.

Referring to Fig. 1, alternating current preferably offers diode 20,22,24 and 26 by power transformer 18 again.In one embodiment, alternating current is 120 volts/60 hertz civil powers of standard.In another embodiment, alternating current is 220 volts/50 hertz traditional civil powers.Also can use other AC power.

The alternating current that offers diode 20 and 22 is subjected to rectification.The direct current that produces like this is connected to public bus 14.Power supply positive bus-bar 28 is centre caps 30 of taking from the secondary winding of transformer 18.

Diode 24 and 26 provides the positive voltage of a rectification to bus 32, and this voltage is approximately the twice of the voltage on the bus 28.Positive voltage on the bus 32 can be used for powering up and providing power supply for the battery false voltage that provides by resistor 38 and 40 for comparator 34 and 36.

As pointed in the specification, can not conducting if be connected bus 14 an and some battery between one of in 12 or 16, then resistor 38 and/or 40 will provide voltage from bus 32 to nonconducting battery by reverse isolation diode 42 or 44.Usually, the voltage of this increase is enough to start resistance battery acceptance charging.

Circuit also provides voltage and the device that reference voltage compares that is used for one of two batteries, and this reference voltage is to obtain from the network that is made of element 46 to 68.In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, this device is by it is worked as a back discharge isolator by isolating diode 46() bus 32 and to current-limit resistor 68 supplying electric currents of Zener diode 50; This electric current is by capacitor 52 filtering.Zener diode has about 5 volts puncture voltage usually and thinks that digital integrated circuit 70,72 and 74 provides suitable supply voltage and stablizes good zero-temperature coefficient source for the second stage pressurizer that is made of element 54 to 68 provides.Oneself resistor 54 of connecting of electric current stream and 56 and flow through and they diode in series 58 and 60 of free element 50 and 52 voltages that provided is provided.Diode 58 and 60 provides a level pressurizer to assist to guarantee minimum line voltage distribution fluctuation, and they provide a big negative temperature coefficient.Thereby,, can select a desirable temperature coefficient by selecting the relation between the resistor 54 and 56.

Resistor 54 and 56 node 76 are the resistor 62,64 of connecting and 66 current source, wherein variable resistance 64 as voltage with reference to adjustment work.Capacitor 68 is as a postifiler of reference voltage.

Reference voltage is to send to comparator 34 and 36 by transistor switch 78 under the control of the timing circuit that will describe below.

The cell voltage of point on 12 and 16 be respectively by transistor switch 84 and 86 tracking and be stored in capacitor 80 and 82, and these two capacitors are to be connected on the inverting input of comparator 34 and 36.In an illustrated embodiment, transistor 84 and 86 is to be subjected to control by the comparator 34 of resistor 88 and 90 and 36 output, thereby, when main battery pulse current charge transistor switch 92 and 94 discharges, transistor 84 and 86 automatic switching ons.

Main charging current pulse to battery provides by current-limit resistor 96 and 98, and the latter is by light-emitting diode 100 and 102 shunt, and the restriction of the electric current of the protected resistor 104 of light-emitting diode and 106; And they are as the work of charging movable display.

When transistor switch 116 conductings, from the discharge pulse that is connected a little 12 and 16 battery flow through isolating diode 108 and 110 and discharging current control resistor 112 and 114.When transistor 118 by resistor 124 during with transistor switch 116 conductings or transistor 120 allowable currents flow through resistor 140 during with diode 126, transistor switch 116 just is switched on.Whenever bus 32 just when enough coming greatly to power up for transistor 120 by resistor 122, transistor 120 arrives transistor 116 by it being diverted to public bus 14 prevent from the to flow through electric current of resistor 140.In other words, transistor 120 provides short discharge pulse by resistor 112 and 114 as the zero passage starting switch of a transistor 116.

(binary one) provides two seconds discharge pulses by power transistor 116 by the resistor 124 from transistor 118 when trigger 70 is connected.At this moment, trigger 70 also disconnects from the non-inverting input to the comparator 34 and 36 voltage reference switch 78.

Additional flip-flop 72 is obsolete, and its input is suitably to be connected on the public negative busbar 14, with the noise response in this half the untapped integrated circuit that prevents to comprise trigger 70.

Trigger 70 is subjected to the control of 12 binary counters 74, and it is switched on when the output Q12 of counter 74 carries out the transition to timing, and it is cut off when the output Q9 of counter 74 becomes timing.Thereby 70 positive edges from Q12 of trigger begin the conducting the positive output next time (about 15% time) to Q9.

120 pulses (the situation of 60 hertz of power supplys) that send by resistor 130, diode 134 and the resistor 136 that is connected on its input end of clock from bus of counter Q12 per second counting.In order to prevent that too high voltage from acting on the input end of clock of counter 74, the node 138 between resistor 130 and the diode 134 passes through 132 casees positions of clamping diode on positive 5 volts of power lines.

As example and unrestricted, some traditional and parts that be available anywhere are adopted in suggestion in device 10 below.Yet person skilled in the art person will be understood that other similar parts of buying can not have substantive harmful effect in order to replace described parts.

They are 2.0 watts of resistors except resistor 96 and 98(, as a wire-wound, metal film or 2.0 watts of resistors of carbon film) outside, all resistors in the device device 10 preferably all are the carbon film resistors that can buy.

Each diode in the device 10 is 1N4001 diode or similar diode preferably.Zener diode 50 preferably should be 1N4733A or similar zener diode.Light-emitting diode 100 and 102 is preferably selected according to their outward appearance.

PNP transistor 84 and 86 preferably 2N4403 transistor or any slightly similar with it transistors.NPN transistor 92,94,116,118,120 and 78 preferably 2N4401 transistor or any similar transistors.

Comparator 34 and 36 can be the two halves of a LM358 integrated circuit, perhaps can be that any dual operational amplifier is such as 1458.On the other hand, comparator 34 and 36 can be the part of a LN324 four-operational amplifier (or similar device) when being used from the bigger system with other comparator one.

Trigger 70 and 72 is to mark to corresponding to the CMOS(complementary metal oxide semiconductors (CMOS)) pin arrangement of parts 4013.Binary counter 74 is depicted as CMOS parts 4040.

Filtering capacitor 52 and 68 is typical small-sized electrolytic vessel.Information storage capacitor 80 and 82 is solid electrolyte tantalum unit preferably.

For a system that designs for no more than 4 the AA size battery of charging simultaneously, transformer 18 preferably should be the step-down transformer of mean quality (M19) of the two halves iron core of the secondary voltage with 10.8 volts of centre caps open circuit.

For a system that requires larger capacity (perhaps more battery, perhaps bigger battery), need bigger transformer core that required power is provided.Unless battery but require serial connection charge, voltage need not to increase.

Charger shown in Figure 1 can be used for recharging rechargeable alkaline Mn cell.As being familiar with known to the present technique person, rechargeable alkaline Mn cell is current can buy (as " RAM " battery) from the Missasauga company of Battery Technologies Inc. of Ontario, Canada.These RAM batteries are specially for recharging design, and its life cycle of having promoted significantly then is to obtain by some characteristic of having improved former alkaline battery.

The low-temperature working of these batteries, peak value charge and discharge electric current and total capacity reduce to some extent than its primary cell homologue.

In process of the present invention,, then need not do than cataclysm charger 10 if be used for the RAM battery.Yet the reference voltage that is used for these batteries is recommended as 1.65 volts, and the primary cell that designs for it for this system then provides improved charge storage sealing life on 1.625 volts.

Battery charger shown in Figure 1 also can be used for recharging lead-acid battery.These lead-acid batteries are known for those skilled in the art, and the 142-187 page or leaf is described to some extent in the Mantell book.These batteries can be used as single battery and obtain, but normally pre-assembled battery is supplied as multiple unit.Though the liquid electrolyte battery of semitight still is available anywhere, but plumbic acid (SLA) battery of sealing day by day becomes ever-increasing part in the market, not only, be generally used for commercial Application as overflow battery (being generally used for automobile) but also as (starved) (recombinant) or the gelled celled of hungry osmium.A kind of representative cells charger of these application that is applicable to can be designed for many batteries configured in series, and the most frequently used is 6 and 12 volts of rated voltages (that is, 3 batteries and 6 battery pack).The used one group of suitable constant of same structure shown in Fig. 1 by 2.3 volts of the reference voltage of each battery, on average can utilize about 1% to the 50% specified ampere-hour capacity of charging current, be used for the much the same charging of alkaline battery extract than and very long time constant (as other places in this manual being discussed).

Battery charger shown in Fig. 1 also can be used for recharging NI-G or nickel hydride battery.These batteries and all batteries previously discussed have the difference of essence on their charging requirement.They design for constant current recombinant reserve service.Though there are many schemes to can be used for improving rechargeablility, so-called incremental time (delta-T), or voltage increment (delta-V) system are that these methods normally have a skill and require battery and being integral of charger design.In applicant's system, for improved NI-G performance but not zinc/manganese dioxide performance, the constant current that provides of device 10 comes a kind of remodeling of the not live part (when the comparator instructed voltage surpasses reference voltage) in the replacement cycle can work very effectively when reference voltage is set at about 1.42 volts of each batteries and has one 0.1% every degree centigrade negative temperature coefficient on 25 degrees centigrade.For complete traditional battery, charging current can not need the high temperature of quick charge special construction battery up to the twice of the specified ampere-capacity of battery.When the voltage of sampling surpassed reference voltage, an electric current of 10% that is approximately ampere-hour capacity was normally suitable.

Another kind of dipulse reverse current charger

Another embodiment of dipulse reverse current charger is illustrated among Fig. 2.Referring to Fig. 2, can see that battery charger 150 comprises main transformer 18, for the single battery (not shown) provides electric energy, battery can be connected between positive terminals 154 and the negative terminals 156 on a suitable voltage for it.Usually, transformer voltage is preferably in the centre cap RMS(root mean square between about 11 volts to about 12 volts).

The circuit of Fig. 2 is closely similar with the circuit shown in Fig. 1 in many aspects, and their total many common circuit elements.Yet they are different aspect following.

Again referring to Fig. 2, timing circuit 158 is to realize with one 4060 integrated circuit, it provides the sample strobe pulse to cmos switch 162, usually switch 162 can be a part of 4066 integrated circuits, and the sample strobe pulse then is to provide by the differential of output that the time constant of the product that equals capacitor 166 and resistor 168 with its RC value is obtained the input inverter 164 of 4060 integrated circuits.This appears at the forward position of anti-phase (just) pulse at 170 places and power supply reversion and puts when synchronous.

" short high electric current " discharge pulse is generated by same pulse, but has the time-delay of the product that equals capacitor 172 and resistor 174, and is amplified by transistor 176 and 178.These transistors are the 2N4401 NPN transistor normally, and it can be model 2N4403 to the latter for PNP transistor 180(again) thus power supply also is connected to terminals 156 with resistor 182 by transistor 180.

Value divided by resistor 182 falls in the base-emitter voltage that the voltage of the battery (not shown) during the electric current by resistor 182 will equal to charge deducts transistor 180.Deduct the caused time-delay of time constant 172-174 the perdurabgility that will equal some the positive pulse on 170 perdurabgility of this discharge incident, and this is because the afterbody of pulse will promptly provide by diode 184.When the output 186 of level Q14 acts on NPN transistor 190(by resistor 188 it can be a 2N4401) when going up, the about per minute of identical incident course takes place once.Yet, to compare with the effect that drives via transistor 178, the additional diodes voltage drop of diode 192 will reduce about 600 millivolts of voltage crossing over resistor 182.Thereby the discharging current of being discharged by this path equals half that foregoing fast-pulse is taken away roughly.The perdurabgility of pulse can be by selecting to be used for via the resistor 196 IC(integrated circuit that resets) 158 output 194 sets.200 outputs 186 up to Q14 that reset of diode 198 clamps become positive; Become immediately in output 194 then and occur resetting when positive.Therefore, the perdurabgility of long pulse can be selected by selecting the suitable output source that resets (Q9 among Fig. 2), and it provides about 2 seconds.

In the battery charger 150 of Fig. 2, charging current is subjected to resistor 40 controls.Though not shown high pressure injector in this embodiment, person skilled in the art person will be understood that this injection is operable.

Another embodiment of battery charger

Fig. 3 illustrates another interior better electrical electrolytic battery charger 210 of invention scope of applicant.As seen from Figure 3, power transformer 18 provide appropriate voltage (about 11 volts to the scope of about 12 volts of centre cap r.m.s.) electric power is used to charge and is connected single battery between terminals 154 and 156. Diode 20 and 22 and the centre cap 30 of the secondary winding of transformer 18 by about in this example 6 ohm of current control resistor device 49(, and be subjected to tandem tap 92(2N4401 or similar transistor) control) electric current is provided.A light-emitting diode 100 of connecting with resistor 104 is as one " indicator light " work that shows " activity " in the resistor 40.

Transistor 92 is the output control that is subjected to comparator 34, and it can be the operational amplifier (two such as LM358() or the LM324(four of a cheapness)) output.Comparator 34 response acts on the cell voltage on its inverting input () and acts on poor between the reference voltage on the non-inverting input (+).As long as cell voltage is lower than reference voltage, comparator is output as high level, and turn-on transistor 92 also allows that charging current is through resistor 40.In case cell voltage equals reference voltage, comparator 34 will limit that base current enters transistor 92 and charging current enters the battery that is charging.

Reference voltage is to obtain from a voltage divider 62,64,66 that is connected to source of stable pressure 50.Diode 24 and 26 is Zener diode 50 power supplies by current control resistor device 48.The economy of this not filtering and " conduction " angle of the diode 50 the reliable system have been widened from the high voltage (comparing) that diode 24 and 26 obtains with centre cap.Diode 24 and 26 also to comparator 34 power supplies, guarantees enough " output voltage swing " of cheap operational amplifier to saturated transistor 92.

This system there are some restrictions.Diode 50 can select (a low pressure zener) for having needed negative temperature coefficient almost.Unfortunately, as known to the person skilled in the art person, the low pressure Zener diode has relatively poor dynamic electric resistor value and line voltage distribution variation and can produce unacceptable reference voltage and change.Thereby diode 50 preferably should be a low-impedance device (in 5 volts scope, has sizable operating current, general 50 milliamperes, prevent " soft knee " that often occur in the inexpensive device).Unfortunately, in this voltage range, temperature coefficient is usually near zero, and this problem is discussed by the circuit of Fig. 4.

A kind of improved battery charger

Fig. 4 is the modified model of the battery charger of Fig. 3.Referring to Fig. 4, battery charger 220 provides the source of a kind of reference voltage with some advantage as can be seen.Diode 50 is a diode such as the 1N4733A type, it to the resistor 54 of series connection with 56 and diode 58 and 60 voltage source of stablizing (but approximate zero temperature coefficient) is provided, diode 58 and 60 wherein is silicon diodes (such as 1N4001) traditional, the forward subsection, and it is big negative temperature coefficient and higher voltage stabilizing is provided simultaneously.Thereby, the ratio of resistor 54/56 be temperature coefficient near zero (when resistor 54 near zero the time) provide a kind of choice mechanism ( resistor 62,64 and 66 be assumed to big) for simplicity, to extreme negative value (when resistor 56 reduces).Resistor 62 is to be chosen as resistor 64 is centered on the reference voltage of described requirement, and resistor 62 and 66 is the adjusting of setting resistor 64 " span " then.

Resistor 212 as a demand limiter and safety resistors (fault of antagonism comparator 34) work, provides 120 electric power of per second (for 60 hertz of civil powers) to comparator 34 and with the synchronous reference voltage network of the charger electric power of supplying with resistor 40, transistor 92 etc. in this system in this non-filtering system.Thereby this system can not charge under (if desired) do not increase the situation of filtering capacitor (energy storage) not, thereby provides cost savings and improved reliability.

If the charging interval is important, then this design shortcoming is directly cell voltage is compared with the reference voltage in the system with non-constant charging current (this charging current per second on the crest of power supply sine wave peaking 120 times).Each electric current crest produces one and equals " really " cell voltage and add that internal resistance takes advantage of the cell voltage crest of the current value of instantaneous charging current (IR).Therefore, when battery when charging fully, " peak value " voltage will exceed reference voltage before battery charges fully, comparator 34 is then reacted to this and is reduced driving transistors 92, thereby reduces the electric current that arrives battery near the crest of sine voltage.This can reduce charge rate and prolong the charging interval near the charging coda time.

Again referring to Fig. 4, suppose that power component suitably calibrates, then diode 100 and resistor 104 right side parts can repeat arbitrarily time to provide charging operation simultaneously, independent control to the battery of the number of any requirement.

Like this, Fig. 4 just shows a kind of simple remodeling of the configuration of Fig. 3, " artificial " rate limit of having been discussed by increase capacitor 80 above it has partly overcome.If it is long that resistor 212 is compared with mains half-cycle (being 8.33 milliseconds in this example) with the product of capacitor 80, then " on average " cell voltage and reference voltage are compared.

Battery charger shown in Fig. 5 is represented the another kind of method of battery charge.The string (that is a battery of being made up of the unit of a plurality of series connection) of a series connected battery 258 is supplied with from power transformer 18, rectifier diode 24 and 26 and the public electric current of resistor 254.Its overcurrent of light-emitting diode 250(is by resistor 252 along separate routes) be " power supply " indicator light easily.

" pseudo-Zener " pipe that each battery 258 is made of a network 256 that is illustrated in the lower left of Fig. 5 along separate routes.Diode 234 and 236 and base-emitter voltage 240 are main sources of negative temperature coefficient and combine with resistor 238 and to become the main source of " Zener voltage ".Resistor 232 provides a kind of simple mechanism that reduces excessive negative temperature coefficient; And resistor 244 is a kind of simple mechanisms (transistor 242 can be such as 2N4403, and it is a kind of common PNP complementation to the 2N4401 that enough NPN performance is provided) that are used for eliminating from transistor 242 a large amount of circuit energy consumptions.

Person skilled in the art person will be understood that, request for utilization people's invention just might charge series connection alkaline battery and control single battery with the shunt regulator of simple economy, reach good adjusting and negative temperature coefficient, and do not need any external power source to be set for each adjuster.

Charger is regulated in the shunt of another kind of serial connection charge

Charger 260 is regulated in the shunt that another kind of serial connection charge has been shown among Fig. 6.Referring to Fig. 6, therefrom visible battery charger 260 is a kind of improvement to the system of Fig. 5.In the device of Fig. 6, one by transistor 266 and 268 and the constant current generator formed of resistor 264 and 270 replaced resistor 254, thereby the reference voltage that obtains from resistor 64 has been set the electric current by resistor 270, thereby has also set the electric current by battery 258.The advantage of this method, except (therefore the low voltage of transformer 18, resistor 254 or its equivalent (266,268,270) requires, low cost, low-heat, and higher utilization ratio) outside, also having this equipment can be to a desired value with regulator voltage " finishing " with Current Regulation.Correlation behavior diode 234,236 etc. is reproducible, but set overall point then requires to adjust during fabrication.

Person skilled in the art person will be understood that reference voltage is a single approximate zero temperature coefficient voltage source diode 50.Like this, charging current be fix and temperature independent, and negative temperature coefficient is to be provided by 256 the design of " pseudo-Zener " pipe.Also can understand, diode 262 is to work as one " isolator " between the remainder of " battery " and system, and in this circuit, if removed power supply, then system will extract electric current from battery.

Charger is regulated in another kind of improved shunt

Fig. 7 illustrates a battery charger 200, owing to increased a reverse current diode 306 therein, it can apply the reverse current pulses pattern on the string of whole series connected battery 258.The a pair of driving pulse control reverse current that produces by similar to the timing network of the device of a Fig. 2 basically timing network, as resistor 282 by via 290 input and by resistor 294 by determined via the input of resistor 302.Person skilled in the art person will be understood that be the pulse at center for being longer than about 1 millisecond with the power supply reversion, and reference voltage must suitably be compressed (see figure 2).

A kind of independently battery is adjusting device along separate routes

Device shown in Fig. 8 is a kind of specific purposes modification of the device of Fig. 4, and it is relative short wherein being compared with 8.33 milliseconds of time constants of mains half-cycle by the time constant of resistor 212 and capacitor 80 generations; And this RC network is applicable to high-frequency noise control.Feedback from this network is that " in real time " (seeing figure) is not mean value.When the cell voltage of this embodiment reaches reference voltage, even instantaneous ground by resistor 322 and transistor 324 is changing directions by resistor 330 under from the control of the transistor 328 of the output of comparator 34 from the battery current of resistor 40.Thereby as what person skilled in the art person understood, output can will be relatively slow and charge with negligible overshoot " clamp " on reference voltage.Yet the very little charging current during the charging ending makes diffusive equilibrium eliminate concentration gradient basically and does not produce reverse current pulses.The charger of this device is relatively " gentleness ", does not have overshoot basically and is attenuated to actual zero current when charging fully gradually when approaching; Thereby do not emit gas.Thereby, for long-time standby, do not have big dendrite formation and be applied in for the battery in the application that allows to charge lentamente, this device is represented a kind of stand-by power supply of practicality, is used for antitheft and fire prevention alarm, emergency lighting etc.Person skilled in the art person should be able to understand that the tandem tap configuration of Fig. 4 also is applicable to this purpose.

A kind of battery charger of economy

Fig. 9 shows a kind of relatively cheap battery charger 340, and it is to produce according to applicant's invention.Closed-loop control system of the present invention provides the another kind of device of controlling single battery to be charged.

Referring to Fig. 9, as seen from the figure, used a single comparator 34 to control voltage on the common port 350 that appears at series-connected cell resistor 348.By with non-return (+) input that acts on comparison 34 on the negative temperature coefficient reference voltage compare and voltage on the common port just 350 controlled.Act on the reverse input end (-) after the RC time constant " on average " of this voltage through resistor 212 and capacitor 80.Known as person skilled in the art person, single battery control can approach with single, a relatively high current controller that is made of comparator 34, transistor 342 and 346, resistor 344 and total current control resistor 40.If the input that will put on 350 is adjusted to desired final output voltage (such as 1.625 volts), then single controller can be controlled charging all required electric currents of all batteries, and to be attenuated to zero charging lentamente gradually and to be arched upward by the electric current that battery produced of a damage be acceptable.The resistance of resistor 348 is big more, and " quality of finally charging " (that is, single control) is good more, but charging is slow more.For the AA battery, provide acceptable single battery to regulate in about 1 ohm of value to about 2 ohm of scopes with the cost of minimum and approach.

The output of charger of the present invention

In Fig. 1 to 9, the applicant has showed nine kinds of different devices that are used to reach purpose of the present invention.Many other devices that can reach same target are conspicuous for person skilled in the art person; They also within the scope of the invention.

Known as person skilled in the art person, all said apparatus have some common feature, such as, be used for producing one from about 1.6 devices to about 1.7 volts direct voltage at 25 degrees centigrade, be used for one by one being limited in about 1.6 devices to about 1.7 volts direct voltage will acting on voltage on battery that each is charging on 25 degree Celsius, be used for to act on electric current on each battery that is charging and one by one be limited in, and be used for changing one by one and continuously the device that acts on the electric current on each battery less than about 800 milliamperes and of each battery less than device by the electric current of the amperage of certain formula appointment.

To understand as person skilled in the art person, no matter having how many batteries being recharged device charging, also no matter whether these batteries are cascaded constitutes a storage battery, and applicant's battery charger can both be with each battery charger less to finishing above-mentioned target with a power supply.Yet, also should be understood that in this battery charger and also can use a plurality of power supplys.A kind of like this course of work is not seen any benefit.

Applicant's device comprises that one is used for generating one from about 1.6 devices to about 1.7 volts direct voltage on 25 degrees centigrade.Thereby in the device shown in Fig. 1,2,3 and 4,8 and 9, the voltage that draws from adjustable resistor 64 is the effect of this function.In the device shown in Fig. 5,6 and 7, this function is to be finished by the structure of shunt regulator element 256, preferably transfers this element 256(to see Fig. 6 and 7 from the voltage that resistor 64 obtains with reference to adjusting total series current by use).

The direct voltage that this device produced is the voltage on 25 degrees centigrade.In some embodiment of applicant's invention (promptly, each embodiment except that Fig. 3), applicant's device comprises that also one is used for generating one from about 1.6 devices to about 1.7 volts direct voltage on 25 degrees centigrade, when temperature rises above 25 degrees centigrade, this device successively decreases to about 4 millivolts speed with every degree centigrade about 1, and when temperature is reduced to below 25 degrees centigrade, then increase progressively from about 1 to about 4 millivolts speed with every degree centigrade.Preferably every degree centigrade about 1.6 millivolts of the speed of increasing or decreasing.Provide this characteristic (by the forward voltage temperature coefficient of diode 58 and 60) in Fig. 1,2,3,4,8 and 9 the device, and in Fig. 5,6 and 7 device, also provide this characteristic (by the forward voltage temperature coefficient of diode 234,236 and the substrate emitter voltage of transistor 240).

Applicant's battery charger comprises that also the voltage that is used on 25 degrees centigrade each battery can being charged one by one is limited in the device from about 1.6 the direct voltages to about 1.7 volts scope; As mentioned above, the preferably negative sense temperature-compensating of this ceiling voltage, when making 25 degrees centigrade of temperature departures change, it with about 1 to about 4 millivolts of every degree centigrade of variations.Thereby this characteristic provides as described above; By changing reference voltage, can change the highest cell voltage.

Applicant's battery charger also comprises, when supposing electric current also less than the amount determined by following formula: Imax=(1.7 volt-Vr)/Ri is used for one by one being limited in device on the electric current that is lower than 800 milliamperes with acting on electric current on each battery that is charging.Imax is the maximum charging current that allows, and it is eternal less than 800 milliamperes, but may be lower.Vr is a reference voltage, and equals the above-mentioned maximum cell voltage that allows; On 25 degrees centigrade, it is usually between about 1.6 to about 1.7 volts, and this is worth preferably negative sense temperature-compensating as mentioned above.Ri is the interior resistance of the battery that charging.As known to the person skilled in the art person, the interior resistance of a battery can be measured with the digital voltmeter of a standard, and the change that equals cell voltage is divided by the ratio that acts on a phase step type loading current on this battery.For the AA alkaline battery, internally the test of resistance comprises usually one 10 ohm load is connected on the battery that does not load.

In a preferred embodiment, applicant's charger comprises and is used for being limited in device on the electric current that is lower than 300 milliamperes with acting on electric current on battery that each is charging.In another embodiment, acting on electric current on each battery is to be limited on 200 milliamperes the maximum.In another embodiment again, act on electric current on each battery and be on the maximum that is limited in 170 milliamperes.

This characteristic of applicant's device is illustrated in (by selecting the value of resistor 40) among Fig. 1,2,3,48 and 9, in Fig. 5 (by selecting the value of resistor 254), and in Fig. 6 and 7 (value by selection resistor 270 and to the adjustment from the reference voltage of resistor 64).

Applicant's device also comprises and is used for one by one and changes the device that acts on the electric current on each battery continuously.Known as person skilled in the art person, applicant's charger one by one makes the electric current of supplying with any one battery be different from the electric current of supplying with any another battery with this fact of the electric current of corrective action on each battery continuously in the part of the charge cycle of any particular battery at least.This characteristic makes the battery that recharges the capacity of making a marked difference and/or charging initial condition simultaneously become possibility, and does not rely on the recombinant current absorption amount of any battery.This characteristic makes each battery can be charged to its capacity and without any need for surpassing this battery charge to the required electric current of its capacity by this or any other battery.In case of necessity, can add easily that is not equal to a minimum constant current of zero, as in the situation of NiCd or N.MH battery.

Be used for one by one and change this device that acts on the electric current on each battery continuously and be illustrated in Fig. 1,2,3,4 and 8 (seeing the comparator of only controlling the charging current of this battery 34), in Fig. 5,6 and 7 (256 restrictions of each shunt regulator arrive the voltage of the battery 258 that is associated with it), and in Fig. 9 (any and available voltage of all batteries of comparator 34 restrictions).

Comprise the device that is used for providing little charging current in most of prior art battery chargers known to the applicant to the battery that is charging, locate their desired voltage even arrived " high charge ends " (" high charge cutoff ") at these batteries, charging current also is provided continuously.This " tiny drop electric current " has two effects.At first, " local current " of its balancing battery inside or " self discharge electric current ", thereby provide capacity to keep, second, it stands this electric current by dependence but in abundant charged state and absorb the recombinant absorptive capacity of those batteries of this electric current indistinctively, lentamente with the capacity of each and each battery charge to 100%, no matter the volume change between battery how.

In applicant's device, by relatively, when any specific battery that is charging has arrived its final allowable voltage, only when being necessary to keep this voltage, just provide extra electric current.And be provided with and when battery has reached its desired voltage, be used for individually and the device of independently electric current being reduced to zero.

In one embodiment, the desired voltage of the battery that is charging is about 1.625 to about 1.630 volts on 25 degrees centigrade.

Person skilled in the art person should know that for some specific application, it is favourable that basic design is retrofited.

As example, in one embodiment, be to strengthen by using short and relatively high reverse current pulses in the early stage capacity restoration rate of charge cycle.For example, see Fig. 1,2 and 7.

In addition, alternatively or additionally, battery is from over-discharge can or be stored in the discharge condition, and particularly on first recharging period, the ability of recovery is improved.This feature can be improved to a certain extent in rare, wide by using, relatively low current discharge pulse, provides as attaching among Fig. 1,2 and 7.

As shown in Figure 8, for potential standby application, under the condition of trickle charge, can exchange the life-span of prolongation with recharge time.

Below example be for showing that the invention applied for proposes, but can not think limitation of the present invention.Unless indication is arranged in addition, all parts all by weight and all temperature all be in degree centigrade.

Example 1

The charger circuit of Fig. 1 is used to recharge 1.5 volts of batteries of a pair of AA Duracell alkalescence.Use one 10 ohm load to make these battery discharges, up to each extracts 1.4 ampere-hours out from them.After this, use the circuit of Fig. 1, with 200 milliamperes maximum currents, 40 milliamperes discharging current, discharge perdurabgility and the per 30 seconds long long-pulse discharge in 2 seconds of 2 milliseconds of taking-ups is charged to them independently in per 8.33 milliseconds of time intervals.

Battery recharge was shelved 48 hours in 18 hours then.After this, for the second time with them and one 10 ohm load discharged in series, be the final voltage of 1.0 ampere-hours and 0.9 volt up to total extraction capacity of each battery.Then, with battery recharge 16 hours (using 1.582 volts voltage reference), make them discharge under these conditions again.

In the period 3, extract 1.3 ampere-hours out and arrive 1.9 volts of final combination voltages.Use that employed condition recharges these batteries in second round, and then make their discharges, 1.1 ampere-hours are provided, arrive 1.8 volts of final voltages.Repeatedly recharge, but move to 1.585 volts with reference to voltage.

In the 5th discharge, use above-mentioned condition, just only provide 950 Milliampere Hours to 1.8 volts cut-ff voltage.Use 1.585 volts reference voltage to recharge once more.Discharge as described above, but 925 Milliampere Hours only are provided when arriving 1.80 volts cut-ff voltage.

In this, clearly reference voltage is too low.Therefore, be elevated to 1.60 volts, and battery parked in charging made it to reach balance in 90 hours with reference to voltage.Discharge (the 7th cycle) output 1.18 ampere-hours and repeat to recharge 20 hours on 1.615 reference voltage next time.

A discharge output 925 Milliampere Hours arrive 1.80 volts cut-ff voltage next time; And rising to 1.63 volts with reference to voltage carries out recharging in 20 hours.

In the cycle 9, only produce 900 Milliampere Hours.Battery turned back on 1.630 volts, recharge 72 hours.

Should propose, this fact although the capacity of these batteries descends significantly, this is once special cruelty test, because almost extracted all available capacity in each cycle, and the rechargeable capacity of a primary cell has only 67% of about its raw capacity.Early stage significantly excessive capacity may be to be provided by extra irreversible former discharge.If one 1.5 ampere-hour battery is rated for 1.0 ampere-hours as the expected capacity of a rechargeable battery, and recharge-still can extract 90% of this capacity out on the discharge cycle at the 9th time, certain effective incident has then taken place significantly.

Example 2

The single AA1.5 ampere-hour alkaline battery of selling in the name of an article of Mallory company with " Duracell " is submitted to a complexity and changeable cycle tests.

Initial discharge is carried out with one 10 ohmic resistor.Only extract 675 Milliampere Hours (be approximately rated capacity half) with one 1.25 volts end voltages.On 1.582 volts of direct voltages with 150 milliamperes current limitation with this battery recharge 20 hours.

In second discharge cycle, use above-mentioned condition to extract the final voltage that 600 Milliampere Hours arrive 1.212 volts, and repeat to recharge as mentioned above.

In the period 3, use above-mentioned condition to extract the final voltage that 600 Milliampere Hours arrive 1.223 volts once more, and repeat to recharge as mentioned above.

Period 4 is identical with the period 3, but final voltage is 1.189 volts.Period 5 is identical with the period 4 basically, but final voltage is 1.219 volts; And in this one-period, recharge continuity 72 hours.

Now clear, shallow discharge and careful not recharging can cause significant ageing rate.Thereby, condition is done violent change.

In the cycle 6, discharge generation 600 Milliampere Hours arrive 1.294 volts final voltage, and make load keep connecting 0.078 volt of direct voltage of the extra 20 hours arrival final voltage of deep discharge.Use above-mentioned condition with battery recharge 24 hours then.

The 7th discharge cycle only produces the final voltage that 650 Milliampere Hours just arrive 0.90 volt.Observed battery capacity drops to below half of its rated value.

And then this battery that charges, as mentioned above.Be connected to shown in Fig. 1 then and in example 1 on the employed charging device; And made its charge capacity outer 24 hours.

The 8th discharge cycle carries out (once more serious discharge, but identical with employed discharging condition seriousness in the example 1) with one 5.0 ohm load.The 8th discharge cycle output 1.0 ampere-hours arrive 0.9 volt terminal point.Basically most of battery capacities reclaim with a single pulsed discharge cycle.

After the 8th discharge cycle, battery turns back to direct charged with direct current, basically as mentioned above, be employed voltage be 1.60 volts.With battery charge 72 hours.

In the 9th discharge cycle, repeat the process of the 8th discharge cycle basically; And emit 1.1 ampere-hours and arrive 0.918 volt of final voltage.To recharge voltage and bring up to 1.615 volts, and recharge 36 hours.

In the tenth discharge cycle, 900 Milliampere Hours only are provided, arrive 0.9 volt of cut-ff voltage.Recharge is to carry out on 1.630 volts 20 hours.

In the 11 discharge cycle, life cycle 8.9 and the discharge of 10 condition.Have to just arrive 0.9 volt cut-ff voltage to 650 Milliampere Hours.

Find that from these data in facing the periodicity deep discharge, direct current recharges not reserve cell capacity.

Example 3

In this example, tested the RAM(rechargeable alkaline in two Geju City) battery.These batteries are that the Mississauga company of Battery Technologies Inc. from the Ontario, Canada obtains at first.These batteries are to use diverse ways to wear out.One of them is to store 30 days after the serious discharge.Another battery has then stored 30 days in charged state.

Originally, each in these batteries was charged 48 hours with 1.65 volts of electric pulses; About 6 milliseconds of pulse conducting is blocked about 2 milliseconds.

(" sleep battery :) battery initial capacity under 10 ohm load is 650 Milliampere Hours to the battery that stores for discharge, then is 870 Milliampere Hours for normal RAM battery.

Make the condition described in the use-case 1 be employed reference voltage be 1.65 volts, in the device of Fig. 1, these batteries are recharged 20 hours simultaneously.

In second round, make battery discharge, as mentioned above; The capacity of battery and the normal battery of will sleeping is respectively reduced to the final voltage of 840 and 870 Milliampere Hours and 1.10 and 1.15 volts.Recharge these batteries 20 hours according to above-mentioned pulse process then.

Make battery discharge, as mentioned above, at this moment they only provide 600 and 650 Milliampere Hours just to arrive 0.929 and 1.005 volt cut-ff voltage respectively.Can think and the power interruptions that prolongs in this recharging period, occur.

Repeat to recharge 72 hours according to above-mentioned pulse process, make battery fully discharge with 10 ohmic resistors then and made each battery fully be lower than 0.1 volt in 24 hours.

The charger that uses Fig. 1 then was with battery recharge 48 hours.Discharge is next time carried out with 5 ohmic resistors, and this provides once severe test.The sleep battery provides 1.1 ampere-hours to arrive 0.94 volt of cut-ff voltage; Normal battery only provides 0.9 ampere-hour to arrive 0.83 volt of cut-ff voltage.

The normal battery that this announcement has long cycle course is reduced by irreversible capacity finally.And the sleeping eyes battery that has the less cycle in its course recovers fairly goodly in the dipulse environment.

Be to be understood that, above description is exemplary, and in this device, in part and their ratio, in composite sequence and process steps, and the others of invention discussed herein can make various changes, and still do not break away from defined in the following claims invention scope.

Thereby, be based on material, structure and the chemical property of the alkaline battery that using now for the parameter that will be understood that applicant's battery charger such as person skilled in the art person.If these materials and/or structure and/or chemical property change to some extent, then these parameters will be affected significantly.These new parameters are included in spirit of the present invention and the scope

Claims (20)

1, a kind of battery charger of the former Alkaline Zinc/manganese dioxide battery that is used to charge, wherein said battery charger comprises:

(a) be used on 25 degrees centigrade, producing one from about 1.6 devices to about 1.7 volts direct voltage;

(b) be used for one by one being limited on 25 degrees centigrade from about 1.6 devices to about 1.7 volts described voltage with the voltage that independently described battery charger is sent to each described battery;

(c) be used for one by one and limit the device that described battery charger acts on the electric current on each described battery independently;

(d) be used for one by one and change the device that described battery charger acts on the electric current on each described battery continuously, wherein in the part of the charge cycle of each described battery, another electric current is different in supplying with any one electric current in the described battery and supplying with described battery; And

When (e) being used at described battery that any one has arrived cell voltage that is substantially equal to described direct voltage, reduce to act on the device of the electric current on the described battery.

2, the described battery charger of claim 1, wherein the described direct voltage on 25 degrees centigrade is from about 1.625 to about 1.630 volts.

3, the described battery charger of claim 1, wherein said former Alkaline Zinc/manganese dioxide battery is the AA alkaline battery.

4, the described battery charger of claim 1, wherein said former Alkaline Zinc/manganese dioxide battery is the AAA alkaline battery.

5, the described battery charger of claim 1, wherein said former Alkaline Zinc/manganese dioxide battery is the C alkaline battery.

6, the described battery charger of claim 1, wherein said former Alkaline Zinc/manganese dioxide battery is the D alkaline battery.

7, the described battery charger of claim 1, wherein said former Alkaline Zinc/manganese dioxide battery is the N alkaline battery.

8, the described battery charger of claim 1, wherein said battery charger includes only a power supply.

9, the described battery charger of claim 1 wherein falls progressively to about 4 millivolts speed with every degree centigrade about 1 for each degree centigrade more than 25 from about 1.6 to about 1.7 volts described direct voltage.

10, the described battery charger of claim 9 wherein increases progressively to about 4 millivolts speed with every degree centigrade about 1 for each degree centigrade below 25 from about 1.6 to about 1.7 volts described direct voltage.

11, the described battery charger of claim 1 wherein falls progressively with every degree centigrade of about speed of 1.6 millivolts for each degree centigrade more than 25 from about 1.6 to about 1.7 volts described direct voltage.

12, the described battery charger of claim 11 wherein increases progressively with every degree centigrade of about speed of 1.6 millivolts for each degree centigrade below 25 from about 1.6 to about 1.7 volts described direct voltage.

13, the described battery charger of claim 1 wherein is used for producing the voltage source that comprises a temperature stabilization from the about 1.6 described devices to about 1.7 a volts direct voltage on 25 degrees centigrade.

14, the described battery charger of claim 13, the voltage source of wherein said temperature stabilization are to be functionally connected on the voltage source of a temperature sensitive.

15, the described battery charger of claim 14 on 25 degrees centigrade is being to obtain from one first voltage divider between the voltage source of the voltage source that is connected described temperature stabilization and described temperature sensitive to about 1.7 volts described direct voltage from about 1.6 wherein.

16, the described battery charger of claim 15, wherein said voltage divider comprises the resistor of two series connection, and their node is connected to one second voltage divider, and the output of this voltage divider is about 1.6 to about 1.7 volts on 25 degrees centigrade.

17, the described battery charger of claim 1, wherein said battery charger comprise one by the network of a reverse transistor of NPN/PNP to constituting, and the reduced-current transistor of wherein said centering is subjected to the bias voltage of two forward bias silicon diodes.

18, the described battery charger of claim 17, wherein said forward biased silicon diode is to by resistor along separate routes.

19, the described battery charger of claim 18, the base emitter junction of wherein said NPN transistor are by a resistor along separate routes.

20, the described battery charger of claim 19, the transistorized base emitter junction of wherein said PNP is by a resistor shunt, and the transistorized collector electrode of described PNP is connected on its negative supply by a resistor.

Images