CN108535779B - A kind of optimization method for seismic exploration data - Google Patents
A kind of optimization method for seismic exploration data Download PDFInfo
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- CN108535779B CN108535779B CN201810295757.6A CN201810295757A CN108535779B CN 108535779 B CN108535779 B CN 108535779B CN 201810295757 A CN201810295757 A CN 201810295757A CN 108535779 B CN108535779 B CN 108535779B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
- G01V1/36—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
- G01V1/362—Effecting static or dynamic corrections; Stacking
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/50—Corrections or adjustments related to wave propagation
- G01V2210/53—Statics correction, e.g. weathering layer or transformation to a datum
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of optimization method for seismic exploration data, step includes carrying out fine processing to original seismic exploration data and obtaining CDP numeric field data；1. and CRP numeric field data pre-stack time migration processing is carried out to CDP numeric field data and obtains pre-stack time migration data；Remaining static correction and pre-stack time migration processing are carried out to CDP numeric field data sequence, obtain pre-stack time migration data 2.；From pre-stack time migration data 1. and 2. in choose interface, by the pre-stack time migration data for being located at the interface or more 1. be located at interface pre-stack time migration data below and 2. match splicing, obtain final seismic exploration data.Optimization method for seismic exploration data of the invention can eliminate stratum depths hidden anomaly body to distortion caused by back wave structural configuration, and then substantially improve the precision of seismic migration imaging.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to seismic exploration technique fields, and in particular to a kind of optimization method for seismic exploration data.
Background technique
Seismic prospecting is the difference using underground medium elasticity and density, by observing and analyzing the earth to artificial excitation
The geophysical exploration method of nature of ground and form is heuristically descended in the response of seismic wave.In the method for many seismic prospectings, fold
Preceding time migration technology has become to improve the important means of data imaging precision, can make data using prestack time migration technique
Correct playback, keeps the contact relation on tomography, stratum apparent, so that underground complicated structure be made to obtain more accurately being imaged.
But for the hidden anomalies body such as igneous lithofacies existing for earth formation deep (such as 1000m or less), due to its presence
The cross directional variations of speed and thickness etc., so that seismic wave required hourage when passing through changes, to make
The back wave that underlying strata is reflected below igneous lithofacies all by (i.e. the time difference) the phenomenon that time of occurrence delay or time advance, is compeled
These back wave forms are made to generate distortion.Such time difference generation is directly related with hidden anomaly body, on same place over the ground
The influence at lower different depth interface is the same, and belongs to the static time difference, in order to distinguish other static time differences in this application by
Referred to as " the remaining static state time difference ", but utilize static correction known near surface static correction and earth's surface-consistent residual static corrections etc.
Method can not extract the remaining static time difference at all, and then can not eliminate the hidden anomaly body to caused by back wave structural configuration
Distortion, influences the precision of seismic migration imaging.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems, such as that above-mentioned all or part, the present invention provide a kind of optimization method for seismic exploration data,
It can eliminate stratum depths hidden anomaly body to distortion caused by back wave structural configuration, and then substantially improve seismic migration
The precision of imaging.
The present invention provides a kind of optimization methods for seismic exploration data, and step includes: step 1, to primitively
Seismic exploration data carry out fine processing, obtain CDP numeric field data, wherein the fine processing includes at least near surface static correction and ground
Table consistency residual static correction processing；Step 2, pre-stack time migration processing is carried out to the CDP numeric field data, obtains prestack time
1. and CRP numeric field data offset data；Step 3, the CDP numeric field data sequence is carried out at remaining static correction and pre-stack time migration
2. reason obtains pre-stack time migration data；Step 4, from the pre-stack time migration data 1. with pre-stack time migration data 2.
There is the stratum where hidden anomaly body in middle acquisition, and chooses interface from the stratum where the hidden anomaly body, by position
The pre-stack time migration data more than the interface are 1. and positioned at the interface pre-stack time migration number below
According to 2. matching splicing, final seismic exploration data is obtained.Wherein, the remaining static correction the following steps are included: step 3.1,
From the seismic channel data that offset distance is zero in each CRP trace gather is extracted in the CRP numeric field data, to set up total zero-offset road
Collect data；Step 3.2 is thrown oneself on the ground under at least two be total in zero-offset trace gather data below identification hidden anomaly body
Layer, and therefrom obtain caused by each CRP is in aforementioned at least two underlying strata because of hidden anomaly body in the CRP numeric field data
The remnants static time difference；The remnants of each CRP static time difference is divided into two parts by step 3.3, and respectively as correspondence
The shot correction amount and geophone station correcting value of seismic channel, then using the shot correction amount and geophone station correction to the CDP
Numeric field data carries out static correction.
Further, the step 3.2 include: step 3.2.1, it is described identify in zero-offset trace gather data altogether it is hidden
At least two underlying stratas below anomalous body, and aforementioned at least two are picked up based on seismic interpretation technique middle layer position pick-up method
The layer position data of underlying strata；Step 3.2.2, obtain the intrinsic construction data of each layer from each layer position data, and by its
It is removed from each layer position data and obtains the remnants static time difference of each CRP in the CRP numeric field data.
Further, in step 3.2.2, each layer is obtained from each layer position data with exponential smoothing or trend analysis method
Intrinsic construction data.
Further, in step 3.3, recycle earth's surface-consistent remaining using shot correction amount and geophone station correcting value
The method of static correction carries out static correction to CRP numeric field data.
Further, the interface is adjacent with the bottom of hidden anomaly body or virtual level that is being in contact position interface.
Optimization method for seismic exploration data of the invention can eliminate stratum depths hidden anomaly body to back wave
Distortion caused by structural configuration avoids occurring false construction in seismic profile, substantially improves the precision of seismic migration imaging.This
Outside, the optimization method for seismic exploration data of the invention is in addition to being suitable for there is transverse gage and speed to become stratum inside
Except the influence of the igneous lithofacies of change is eliminated, it is also applied for the shadow to low-velocity zone existing under mountain front near surface
Sound is eliminated, and is applied also for the Velocity anomalies generated below seabed by natural gas stack effect in marine seismic prospectiong
Influence is eliminated.
Detailed description of the invention
It, below will be to specific in order to illustrate more clearly of the specific embodiment of the invention or technical solution in the prior art
Embodiment or attached drawing needed to be used in the description of the prior art are briefly described.In all the appended drawings, similar element
Or part is generally identified by similar appended drawing reference.In attached drawing, each element or part might not be drawn according to actual ratio.
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the optimization method for seismic exploration data of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of the remnants static correction in the optimization method；
Fig. 3 is the migrated section partial enlarged view handled without above-mentioned optimization method；
Fig. 4 is the migrated section partial enlarged view for having been subjected to above-mentioned optimization method processing.
Specific embodiment
It is described in detail below in conjunction with embodiment of the attached drawing to technical solution of the present invention.Following embodiment is only used for
Clearly illustrate technical solution of the present invention, therefore be only used as example, and cannot be used as a limitation and limit protection model of the invention
It encloses.
Fig. 1 shows the flow chart of the optimization method for seismic exploration data of the embodiment of the present invention.As shown in Figure 1,
The optimization method for seismic exploration data of the embodiment of the present invention specifically includes: step S1, to original seismic exploration data into
Row fine processing obtains CDP numeric field data, and wherein the fine processing includes at least near surface static correction and earth's surface-consistent residue is quiet
Correction；1. and the domain CRP number step S2 carries out pre-stack time migration processing to CDP numeric field data, obtains pre-stack time migration data
According to；Step S3 carries out remaining static correction to CDP numeric field data sequence and pre-stack time migration is handled, obtains pre-stack time migration number
According to 2.；Step S4, from pre-stack time migration data, 1. 2. there is hidden anomaly body place in middle obtain with pre-stack time migration data
Stratum, and choose interface from the stratum where hidden anomaly body, the pre-stack time migration of the interface or more will be located at
1. 2. data match splicing with positioned at interface pre-stack time migration data below, obtain final seismic exploration data.
In fact, basic using static correcting method known near surface static correction and earth's surface-consistent residual static corrections etc.
It can not extract the remaining static time difference, but present inventor after long felt by having found below hidden anomaly body extremely
All there is identical change, the i.e. feature of multilayer bit integrity when the back wave approach hidden anomaly body of few two underlying stratas,
Also it can only be embodied in total zero-offset trace gather data, it is possible to effectively be sought in total zero-offset trace gather data residual
The remaining static state time difference.As shown in Fig. 2, the remnants static correction the following steps are included: step S3.1, extract from CRP numeric field data it is each
The seismic channel data that offset distance is zero in CRP trace gather, to set up total zero-offset trace gather data；Step S3.2, from total zero bias
It moves away from least two underlying stratas identified in trace gather data below hidden anomaly body, and therefrom obtains each in CRP numeric field data
CRP is in aforementioned at least two underlying strata because of the remnants static time difference caused by hidden anomaly body；Step 3.3, by each CRP
The remnants static time difference be divided into two parts, and respectively as the shot correction amount and geophone station correcting value of corresponding seismic channel, so
Static correction is carried out to CRP numeric field data using shot correction amount and geophone station correction afterwards.It should be noted that step 3 belonging to above-mentioned is removed
Including further including each sub-steps to execute pre-stack time migration processing except abovementioned steps 3.1 to step 3.3, but
Because pre-stack time migration processing belongs to conventional technical means well known to those skilled in the art, so for the sake of saving length not
It repeats again.
It is hidden that the optimization method for seismic exploration data of the embodiment of the present invention can eliminate stratum depths (1000m or less)
Anomalous body is covered to distortion caused by back wave structural configuration, is avoided occurring false construction in seismic profile, can be substantially improved
The precision of seismic migration imaging, is detailed in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4.In addition, the optimization method for seismic exploration data of the invention is in addition to suitable
Except influence for having the igneous lithofacies of transverse gage and velocity variations to stratum inside is eliminated, it is also applied for mountain
The preceding influence with low-velocity zone existing under near surface is eliminated, and is applied also for in marine seismic prospectiong below seabed
The influence of the Velocity anomalies generated by natural gas stack effect is eliminated.
The step S3.2 of the present embodiment can specifically be executed according to following sub-step: step S3.2.1, in total zero-offset
At least two underlying stratas below hidden anomaly body are identified in trace gather data, and based on horizon picking side in seismic interpretation technique
Method picks up the layer position data of aforementioned at least two underlying strata；Step S3.2.2, by exponential smoothing, trend analysis method or other often
Rule extractive technique obtains the intrinsic construction data of each layer from the data of each layer position, and it is removed from each layer of position data and is obtained
The remnants of each CRP static time difference into CRP numeric field data.
In the present embodiment, in step S3.3, recycle earth's surface consistent with geophone station correcting value using shot correction amount
Property residual static correction method to CRP numeric field data carry out static correction.By experimental verification, in addition to quiet using earth's surface-consistent residue
Except correction, the method that other static corrections also can be used, but utilize earth's surface-consistent residual static correction embodiment remnants quiet
Correction can more precisely, preferably eliminate stratum depths hidden anomaly body at least two layers of underlying strata back wave structure below
The distortion of appearance state.
In fact, the interface that step 3 is related to can be selected as by hidden anomaly body or without its virtual level position
Interface.But in the present embodiment, interface is preferably (± 10ms, or ± 10 multiplied by ground adjacent with the bottom of hidden anomaly body
Total of the seismic wave in the speed v of underground propagation) or the virtual level position interface that is in contact, this can guarantee final seismic prospecting number
For the data of true hidden anomaly body being imaged and without remaining static correction in, it is ensured that Velocity anomalies can be by more precisely
Imaging.
In conclusion can to eliminate stratum depths hidden for the optimization method for seismic exploration data of the embodiment of the present invention
Anomalous body avoids occurring false construction in seismic profile, it is inclined to substantially improve earthquake to distortion caused by back wave structural configuration
Move into the precision of picture.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention., rather than its limitations；To the greatest extent
Pipe present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: its according to
So be possible to modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or to some or all of the technical features into
Row equivalent replacement；And these are modified or replaceed, various embodiments of the present invention technology that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution
The range of scheme should all cover within the scope of the claims and the description of the invention.Especially, as long as there is no knots
Structure conflict, items technical characteristic mentioned in the various embodiments can be combined in any way.The present invention does not limit to
In specific embodiment disclosed herein, but include all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of optimization method for seismic exploration data, which is characterized in that its step includes:
Step 1, fine processing is carried out to original seismic exploration data, CDP numeric field data is obtained, wherein the fine processing is at least wrapped
Include near surface static correction and earth's surface-consistent residual static correction；
1. and the domain CRP number step 2, pre-stack time migration processing is carried out to the CDP numeric field data, obtains pre-stack time migration data
According to；
Step 3, remaining static correction is carried out to the CDP numeric field data sequence and pre-stack time migration is handled, it is inclined to obtain prestack time
Move data 2.；
Step 4, from the pre-stack time migration data, 1. 2. there is hidden anomaly body institute in middle obtain with pre-stack time migration data
Stratum, and choose interface from the stratum where the hidden anomaly body, the described folded of the interface or more will be located at
1. 2. preceding time migration data match splicing with positioned at the interface pre-stack time migration data below, obtain final
Seismic exploration data；
Wherein, the remaining static correction the following steps are included:
Step 3.1, from the seismic channel data that offset distance is zero in each CRP trace gather is extracted in the CRP numeric field data, to set up
Zero-offset trace gather data altogether；
Step 3.2, from least two underlying stratas identified in zero-offset trace gather data below hidden anomaly body altogether, and
It therefrom obtains residual caused by each CRP is in aforementioned at least two underlying strata because of hidden anomaly body in the CRP numeric field data
The remaining static state time difference；
The remnants of each CRP static time difference is divided into two parts by step 3.3, and respectively as the big gun of corresponding seismic channel
Then point correcting value and geophone station correcting value carry out the CDP numeric field data using the shot correction amount and geophone station correction
Static correction；The interface is adjacent with the bottom of the hidden anomaly body or virtual level position that is being in contact interface.
2. optimization method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 3.2 includes:
Step 3.2.1, at least two underlying stratas below hidden anomaly body are identified in the zero-offset trace gather data altogether,
And the layer position data of aforementioned at least two underlying strata are picked up based on seismic interpretation technique middle layer position pick-up method；
Step 3.2.2, the intrinsic construction data of each layer are obtained from each layer position data, and by it from each layer digit
The remnants static time difference for obtaining each CRP in the CRP numeric field data according to middle removal.
3. optimization method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that in step 3.2.2, with exponential smoothing or trend analysis
Method obtains the intrinsic construction data of each layer from each layer position data.
4. optimization method according to any one of claim 1-3, which is characterized in that in step 3.3, use shot point school
Positive quantity and geophone station correcting value recycle the method for earth's surface-consistent residual static correction to carry out static correction to CRP numeric field data.
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