CN108531760B - New application of magnesium aluminate spinel - Google Patents
New application of magnesium aluminate spinel Download PDFInfo
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- CN108531760B CN108531760B CN201810343389.8A CN201810343389A CN108531760B CN 108531760 B CN108531760 B CN 108531760B CN 201810343389 A CN201810343389 A CN 201810343389A CN 108531760 B CN108531760 B CN 108531760B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
- C22B21/06—Obtaining aluminium refining
- C22B21/062—Obtaining aluminium refining using salt or fluxing agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of grain refinement of aluminum and aluminum alloy materials, and relates to a magnesium-aluminum spinelNew use of stone, MgAl2O4The mode of the alterant comprises: firstly, the alloy will contain MgAl2O4The substance of (1) as an alterant; secondly, the material containing Mg or MgO and the alloy thereof are subjected to in-situ reaction to generate MgAl2O4As alterant, MgAl with stable chemical composition and structure2O4The modifier is safe to operate, environment-friendly, low in cost, good in grain refining effect after modification treatment, excellent in mechanical property, capable of achieving about 40 microns of refining, mainly based on equiaxed grains in appearance, and good in cutting processability of modified and refined aluminum and aluminum alloy casting pieces.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the technical field of grain refinement of aluminum and aluminum alloy materials, and particularly relates to magnesium aluminate spinel (MgAl)2O4) The new application of (1).
Background art:
at present, methods for refining metal material grains mainly comprise a semi-solid stirring method, high-energy ultrasound, electromagnetic stirring, rapid solidification, electric pulse treatment, modification treatment and the like; the former five methods are limited by production scale and process conditions and cannot be applied in large scale in actual production; the modification method does not basically change the original production process, and the production scale is not limited, so the modification method is widely applied.
The modification treatment is to add modifier (also called inoculant or nucleating agent) into the metal liquid to form a large amount of dispersed artificially-made non-spontaneous nucleation cores in the metal liquid, thereby refining grains, improving the structure and achieving the purpose of improving the material performance. Currently, the commonly used aluminum and aluminum alloy modifiers include aluminum boron, aluminum titanium boron, aluminum titanium carbon, aluminum rare earth and other modifiers. Among them, the most widely used is Al-Ti-B modifier, which can refine grains because Al reacts with Ti to produce TiAl3Compound, reacting with B to form TiB2A compound; TiAl3Has good compatibility with Al to achieve the purpose of hair growthUnder the condition of the primary peritectic reaction, α -Al generated is in TiAl3Nucleation of the particles on the surface to attach TiAl3The aluminum cladding layer on the surface stops growing to prevent the crystal from growing to achieve the refining effect, and meanwhile, α -Al is easy to be in TiB under the condition that solute elements are enough2(0001) The basal plane becomes the nucleation core and then grows further outward by increasing the curvature of the α -Al melt interface.
However, TiB in AlTiB2The particles are easy to be gathered and precipitated in the melt of the launder, which not only weakens the refining effect of the aluminum-titanium-boron alterant, but also precipitates the TiB2The particle hard particles can also influence the processing performance and the surface quality of subsequent products; furthermore, when the aluminum alloy contains Zr, Mn, Cr and V, TiB will be "seized" by the Al alloy2B atoms in the particles to form corresponding borides, so that TiB2The particles are poisoned, thereby weakening the refining effect of the aluminum-titanium-boron alterant. Therefore, the development of new high-performance aluminum and aluminum alloy modifiers remains an important research content in the field.
Magnesium aluminate spinel (MgAl)2O4) The material has the advantages of high melting point, small thermal expansion coefficient, low thermal conductivity, good thermal shock resistance and strong alkali erosion resistance, and is mainly applied to lining bricks of steel ladles, open hearth furnaces, cement rotary kilns firing zones and the like. The magnesia-alumina spinel single crystal is a high-melting-point and high-hardness crystal material. In the microwave band above 10GHz, the sound attenuation of the magnesia-alumina spinel single crystal is much lower than that of sapphire or quartz, and the magnesia-alumina spinel single crystal can be used as a medium to manufacture microwave acoustic wave devices. The magnesium aluminate spinel also has excellent electrical insulation property, good matching property with Si and linear expansion coefficient similar to that of Si, so that the magnesium aluminate spinel has small deformation of an epitaxial Si forming film and is an important integrated circuit substrate material.
MgAl2O4Has face-centered cubic lattice structure with lattice constant of 0.8126nm, MgAl has large difference from α -Al with lattice constant of 0.4056nm2O4And α -Al along the (111) crystal plane [110 ]]Mismatching degree of crystal face of 1.4%, ratio Al/TiB2The mismatching degree of 4.22 percent is much smaller, and meets the requirement of α -Al heterogeneous nucleation core, therefore, the preparation and modification processes are reasonably controlledTo exert MgAl2O4The refining α -Al can realize the refining of the aluminum and the alloy grains thereof.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to provide MgAl2O4The modifier is used as modifier for refining the structure of Al and its alloy.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention contains or can generate MgAl2O4The substance (A) is used as a modifier to refine the structure of aluminum and aluminum alloy.
MgAl of the invention2O4The mode of the alterant comprises: firstly, the alloy will contain MgAl2O4The substance of (1) as an alterant; secondly, the material containing Mg or MgO and the alloy thereof are subjected to in-situ reaction to generate MgAl2O4As an alterant.
The invention adopts MgAl2O4The specific process of refining the structure of aluminum and aluminum alloy as modifier is as follows: MgAl is added2O4Or containing MgAl2O4After the substances are uniformly mixed with the aluminum powder, the mixture is prepared into an intermediate form by tabletting or the mixed powder is directly added into a melt in the form of intermediate alloy as a modifier to refine the aluminum and the alloy thereof.
The invention carries out in-situ reaction on Mg or MgO-containing substances in aluminum and aluminum alloy to generate MgAl2O4The specific process of refining the structure of aluminum and aluminum alloy as modifier is as follows: the Mg or MgO-containing substance and the aluminum powder are uniformly mixed and then are prepared into an intermediate through tabletting, and the intermediate is directly added into the melt to refine the aluminum and the alloy thereof.
Compared with the prior art, the invention uses MgAl with stable chemical components and structure2O4As a modifier for aluminum and aluminum alloy, the modifier is safe to operate, environment-friendly, low in cost, good in grain refining effect after modification treatment, excellent in mechanical property, capable of achieving about 40 microns of refining, mainly based on equiaxed grains in appearance, and good in cutting processability of modified and refined aluminum and aluminum alloy casting pieces.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a metallographic structure of an alloy 8079 which has not been subjected to a modification treatment in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows MgAl of example 1 of the present invention2O4Metallographic structure of modified 8079 aluminium alloy.
FIG. 3 shows in-situ formation of MgAl from MgO in example 2 of the present invention2O4Metallographic structure of modified 8079 aluminium alloy.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the present invention will be described in further detail by way of examples with reference to the accompanying drawings.
This embodiment will contain or may produce MgAl2O4The substance (A) is used as a modifier to refine the structure of aluminum and aluminum alloy.
MgAl described in this example2O4The mode of the alterant comprises: firstly, the alloy will contain MgAl2O4The substance of (1) as an alterant; secondly, the material containing Mg or MgO and the alloy thereof are subjected to in-situ reaction to generate MgAl2O4As an alterant.
This example uses MgAl2O4The specific process of refining the structure of aluminum and aluminum alloy as modifier is as follows: MgAl is added2O4Or containing MgAl2O4After the substances are uniformly mixed with the aluminum powder, the mixture is prepared into an intermediate form by tabletting or the mixed powder is directly added into a melt in the form of intermediate alloy as a modifier to refine the aluminum and the alloy thereof.
In the embodiment, the Mg or MgO-containing substance is subjected to in-situ reaction in aluminum and aluminum alloy to generate MgAl2O4The specific process of refining the structure of aluminum and aluminum alloy as modifier is as follows: the Mg or MgO-containing substance and the aluminum powder are uniformly mixed and then are prepared into an intermediate through tabletting, and the intermediate is directly added into the melt to refine the aluminum and the alloy thereof.
Example 1:
in this embodiment, 8079 alloy is melted into liquid, the liquid is overheated to 750 ℃ in a smelting furnace, scum is removed after heat preservation is carried out for 15 minutes to obtain melt,cooling to 725 deg.C again to obtain the product with purity>99.9% of MgAl2O4Adding the powder into the melt according to the weight ratio of 0.2%, stirring for 1min, standing for deterioration for 10min, cooling the melt to 689 ℃, preserving heat for 10min, and casting the melt into a graphite crucible preheated to 250 ℃; by MgAl2O4After modification, the grains in the 8079 aluminum alloy are significantly refined, as shown in fig. 1 and 2 for unmodified and MgAl, respectively2O4The metallographic structure of the modified 8079 alloy can be seen from the figure, and the grain size of the modified 8079 alloy is about 40 microns and mainly exists in isometric crystal.
Example 2:
in the embodiment, pure aluminum is melted into liquid, the liquid is overheated to 950 ℃ in a smelting furnace, MgO is added into the liquid, the temperature is kept for 3 hours, then the liquid is cooled to room temperature, and the liquid is used as an alterant and is preheated in a heat-preserving furnace at 250 ℃ for standby. Melting 8079 alloy into liquid, overheating to 750 ℃ in a smelting furnace, preserving heat for 15 minutes, removing floating slag to obtain melt, cooling to 725 ℃, adding a preheated modifier into the melt, stirring for 1min, standing for modification for 10min, cooling the melt to 689 ℃, preserving heat for 10min, and casting the melt into a graphite crucible preheated to 250 ℃; after modification, the crystal grains in the 8079 aluminum alloy are obviously refined. The metallographic structure of the 8079 alloy in fig. 1 and 3, which is not modified and is modified, can be seen from the figure that the grains in the modified 8079 alloy are refined.
Claims (1)
1. The new use of magnesia-alumina spinel is characterized by that it can be used as alterant to make refinement treatment of aluminium and its alloy structure, and its concrete process is as follows: melting 8079 alloy into liquid, overheating to 750 deg.C in smelting furnace, holding for 15 min, removing dross to obtain melt, cooling to 725 deg.C, and purifying>99.9% of MgAl2O4Adding the powder into the melt according to the weight ratio of 0.2%, stirring for 1min, standing for deterioration for 10min, cooling the melt to 689 ℃, preserving heat for 10min, and casting the melt into a graphite crucible preheated to 250 ℃; by MgAl2O4After modification, the grain size of the modified 8079 aluminum alloy is 40 microns and the main grain size isTo exist as equiaxed crystals.
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| CN201810343389.8A CN108531760B (en) | 2018-04-17 | 2018-04-17 | New application of magnesium aluminate spinel |
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| CN201810343389.8A CN108531760B (en) | 2018-04-17 | 2018-04-17 | New application of magnesium aluminate spinel |
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| CN108531760B true CN108531760B (en) | 2020-06-16 |
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| CN109022861B (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2020-09-22 | 华南理工大学 | Grain refinement method of Mg-Al series alloy |
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