CN108520920B - Polymer-based phototactic perovskite solar cell and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Polymer-based phototactic perovskite solar cell and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a polymer-based phototactic perovskite solar cell and a preparation method thereof, which comprises sequentially laminated high perovskite solar cellsThe device comprises a molecular substrate, a counter electrode, a hole transport layer, a light absorption layer, an electron transport layer and a working electrode; wherein the polymer-based substrate is a biaxially oriented polypropylene (PP) and Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) composite film; the light absorption layer is organic-inorganic hybrid CH with a perovskite structure3NH3PbI3A photovoltaic material. The solar cell provided by the invention does not need complex power equipment, can realize light convergence movement, even achieves the purpose of steering and absorbing more sunlight, and has higher application value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of solar cells, and particularly relates to a polymer-based phototactic perovskite solar cell and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Solar energy is an important object sought by environmental protection experts of various countries and is more and more widely regarded due to the advantages of easy acquisition, low leakage signal in the power generation process, no noise and the like. Solar power generation technology has emerged as a technological innovation in a number of fields over the years.
Solar cells are devices that directly convert light energy into electrical energy by the photoelectric or photochemical effect. The perovskite cell is a new type of solar cell, and mainly utilizes the ABX with the perovskite structure3(A＝CH3NH3 +Etc.; b ═ Pb2+，Sn2+Etc.; x ═ Cl-，Br-，I-Etc.) to realize photoelectric conversion, and has the advantages of wide raw material source, simple manufacturing process, low price, capability of being made into flexible batteries, etc. Because the practical application environment is complicated and changeable, the development of the energy acquisition device capable of sensing the external environment has practical significance.
In order to keep the world leading in the field of solar photovoltaic technology, the united states has made a long-term plan concerning energy and environmental fields from 2020 to 2030. In the research aspect of the sun tracking system, the document "development of a device to track the motion of the sun [ J ]. AIAA Space 2001 reference and the development, 2001,8: 4721" designs a solar tracker based on a virtual instrument LabVIEW, the tracking device uses solar cells arranged in a square and two stepping motors to control and track the sun, if the measured values of the two symmetrical photovoltaic cells are different, the motors are controlled to rotate correspondingly. The documents "Adaptive sun tracking algorithm for estimating maximum and impact improvement of PV panels [ J ]. RenewwableEnergy, 2011,36(10):2623 + 2626" adopt a new Adaptive digital signal processing and control algorithm to optimize the output power of the solar tracking system by adjusting the elevation angle and azimuth angle of the solar panel.
The solar tracking system is realized based on a complex mechanical device and computer algorithm regulation, consumes certain energy and is not beneficial to intelligent application of microminiaturization and self-adaptation. If the phototaxis of the material can be utilized to realize the integrated design of light energy collection and solar tracking, the light energy collection efficiency can be greatly improved, and the solar cell can be quickly adapted to the external environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a polymer-based phototactic perovskite solar cell and a preparation method thereof, the perovskite solar cell does not need complex power equipment, can realize phototactic motion, even achieves the aim of steering to absorb more sunlight, further effectively improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell, and has higher application value.
The invention relates to a polymer-based phototactic perovskite solar cell, which comprises a polymer-based substrate, a counter electrode, a hole transport layer, a light absorption layer, an electron transport layer and a working electrode which are sequentially stacked; wherein the polymer-based substrate is a biaxially oriented polypropylene (PP) and Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) composite film; the light absorption layer is organic-inorganic hybrid with perovskite structureCH3NH3PbI3A photovoltaic material.
The polymer-based substrate has a thickness of 20 to 200 μm and a transmittance of 75 to 95%.
The counter electrode is made of gold and has a thickness of 10-500 nm.
The hole transport layer is Spiro-MeOTAD and is 3-60 nm thick.
The thickness of the light absorption layer is 30-600 nm.
The electron transport layer is TiO2Or SnO2The inorganic material is 3-60 nm thick.
The working electrode is ITO-PET, the thickness is 1-500 μm, and the transmittance is 85-95%.
The invention discloses a preparation method of a polymer-based phototactic perovskite solar cell, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing an electron transport layer on the working electrode: uniformly stirring the electron transport layer precursor mixed solution, spin-coating the electron transport layer precursor mixed solution on the surface of a working electrode, and heating the working electrode at 140-160 ℃ for 60-180 min to obtain an electron transport layer;
(2) preparing a light absorbing layer on the electron transport layer: the perovskite precursor PbI with the concentration of 400-500 mg/ml2The DMF solution is coated on the surface of the electron transport layer in a spin mode, heated, cooled to room temperature, and then coated with CH with the concentration of 8-12 mg/ml in a spin mode3NH3Heating the isopropanol solution of the I to obtain a light absorption layer; wherein the heating process conditions are as follows: heating at 60-80 ℃ for 20-30 min;
(3) preparing a hole transport layer on the light absorbing layer: the chlorobenzene solution of the hole transport material with the concentration of 0.15-0.2 mol/L is coated on the surface of the light absorption layer in a rotating mode, and the light absorption layer is kept stand for 22-26 hours to obtain a hole transport layer;
(4) preparing a counter electrode on the hole transport layer: carrying out vacuum evaporation on a counter electrode material to the surface of the hole transport layer to obtain a counter electrode;
(5) preparing a polymer-based substrate on a counter electrode: and adding 45-55 mu L of polydimethylsiloxane PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) on the counter electrode, then attaching a biaxially oriented PP and LDPE composite film, and heating and curing at 40-60 ℃ for 15-25 min to obtain the composite film.
The spin coating in the steps (1) - (3) comprises the following technological parameters: the rotating speed of the spin coating is 2000-3000 rpm, and the spin coating time is 30-50 s.
The technological parameters of vacuum evaporation in the step (4) are as follows: vacuum degree of 1.0 x 103Pa below, the current is 125-135A, and the time is 20-120 s.
The structure of the polymer-based phototactic perovskite solar cell is sequentially laminated from bottom to top, namely a polymer-based substrate, a counter electrode, a hole transport layer, a light absorption layer, an electron transport layer and a working electrode, wherein the counter electrode, the hole transport layer, the light absorption layer, the electron transport layer and the working electrode belong to a perovskite cell part, and the polymer-based substrate belongs to an actuating part. In the preparation process of the battery, a perovskite battery part is prepared, namely an electron transmission layer, a light absorption layer, a hole transmission layer and a counter electrode are sequentially prepared on a working electrode, and then a polymer-based actuating substrate is prepared after the battery part is prepared.
Advantageous effects
The polymer-based phototactic perovskite solar cell can actively and quickly react to the external environment by utilizing the characteristics of the material, does not need complex power equipment, can realize phototactic motion, even achieves the aim of steering to absorb more sunlight, can greatly improve the optical energy collection efficiency of the perovskite solar cell, effectively improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cell, solves the problem of sustainable energy supply of aerospace equipment and small intelligent equipment in different external environments, improves the energy utilization efficiency revolutionarily, and has important energy-saving significance and application value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a polymer-based phototactic perovskite solar cell according to the present invention; wherein, 1 is a biaxially oriented polypropylene PP film; 2 is a low density polyethylene LDPE film; 3 is a counter electrode; 4 is a hole transport layer; 5 is a light absorbing layer; 6 is an electron transport layer; and 7 is a working electrode.
Fig. 2 is an optical image of the phototactic performance of the polymer-based phototactic perovskite solar cell prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a current density-voltage curve diagram of the polymer-based phototactic perovskite solar cell prepared in example 2 of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a surface topography diagram of a light absorption layer of the polymer-based phototactic perovskite solar cell manufactured in example 3 of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Example 1
(1) Preparing an electron transport layer on the working electrode: the working electrode is made of ITO-PET with the thickness of 500 mu m and the transmittance of 85 percent; the electron transfer layer is made of inorganic material TiO2. Magnetically stirring a mixed solution of 18ml of ethanol, 1.8ml of n-butyl titanate and 0.38ml of diethanolamine at 40 ℃ for 2h, standing for 24h, then spin-coating the mixed solution on the surface of ITO-PET, immediately transferring the film to a heating table preheated to 150 ℃ after the spin-coating is finished, and heating for 180min to obtain an electron transport layer TiO with the thickness of 3nm2(ii) a Wherein the spin speed was 3000rpm and the time was 45 s.
(2) Preparing a light absorbing layer on the electron transport layer: the perovskite precursor PbI2Dissolving in DMF at concentration of 463mg/ml, spin-coating the obtained solution on the surface of the electron transport layer, and immediately transferring the film onto a hot table preheated to 70 ℃ for heating for 20min after the spin-coating is finished; the heated film was cooled to room temperature and then spin coated with CH at a concentration of 10mg/ml3NH3I, obtaining a brownish black film by using an isopropanol solution, and heating the brownish black film on a 70 ℃ hot bench for 30min to obtain a perovskite film light absorption layer with the thickness of 30 nm; wherein the spin speed was 3000rpm and the time was 45 s.
(3) Preparing a hole transport layer on the light absorbing layer: spin-coating a layer of 0.17mol/L Spiro-MeOTAD chlorobenzene solution on the surface of the perovskite thin film light absorption layer, and standing for 24 hours after the spin-coating is finished to obtain a hole transmission layer with the thickness of 3 nm; wherein the spin speed was 3000rpm and the time was 30 s.
(4) Preparing a counter electrode on the hole transport layer: performing vacuum gold evaporation on the hole transport layer film, wherein the gold evaporation current is 130A, and the vacuum degree is 1.0 to 103Pa or less for 20s to obtain a gold electrode with a thickness of 10 nm.
(5) Preparing a polymer-based substrate on a counter electrode: adding 50 mu L of PDMS on the counter electrode, then attaching a biaxially oriented polypropylene PP and low density polyethylene LDPE composite film, heating and curing for 20min on a 50 ℃ hot bench to obtain a polymer-based substrate composite film with the thickness of 200 mu m and the transmittance of 75%, and finally obtaining the polymer-based phototactic perovskite solar cell.
The phototaxis performance of the polymer-based phototaxis perovskite solar cell prepared in this example is tested, and fig. 2 is an optical photo of the phototaxis performance, it can be known that the cell can move forward by 1cm within 10s under the illumination of an infrared lamp, and the cell recovers to a flat state within 35s after the infrared lamp is turned off, which indicates that the cell has good traveling performance.
The photoelectric performance test of the polymer-based phototactic perovskite solar cell prepared in the embodiment shows that the photoelectric performance is 100mW/cm at AM1.52Under the irradiation of standard light intensity, the open-circuit voltage of the solar cell sample is 1.01V, and the short-circuit current density is 19.88mA/cm2Fill factor 0.68, conversion efficiency 15.31%.
Example 2
(1) Preparing an electron transport layer on the working electrode: the working electrode is made of ITO-PET with the thickness of 1 μm and the transmittance of 95%; the electron transport layer is made of inorganic material SnO2. Adding SnCl precursor2·2H2Dissolving O in ethanol according to the concentration of 0.1mg/ml, spin-coating the solution on the surface of ITO-PET, transferring the film to a hot table preheated to 150 ℃ immediately after the spin-coating is finished, and heating for 60min to obtain an electron transport layer SnO with the thickness of 40nm2(ii) a Wherein the spin speed was 2500rpm for 45 s.
(2) Preparing a light absorbing layer on the electron transport layer: the perovskite precursor PbI2Dissolved in D at a concentration of 463mg/mlIn MF, spin-coating the obtained solution on the surface of the electron transport layer, and immediately transferring the film to a hot table preheated to 70 ℃ for heating for 20min after the spin-coating is finished; the heated film was cooled to room temperature and then spin coated with CH at a concentration of 10mg/ml3NH3I, obtaining a brownish black film by using an isopropanol solution, and heating the brownish black film on a 70 ℃ hot bench for 30min to obtain a perovskite film light absorption layer with the thickness of 600 nm; wherein the spin speed was 2000rpm and the time was 45 s.
(3) Preparing a hole transport layer on the light absorbing layer: spin-coating a layer of 0.17mol/L Spiro-MeOTAD chlorobenzene solution on the surface of the perovskite thin film light absorption layer, and standing for 24 hours after the spin-coating is finished to obtain a hole transmission layer with the thickness of 60 nm; wherein the spin speed was 2000rpm and the time was 30 s.
(4) Preparing a counter electrode on the hole transport layer: performing vacuum gold evaporation on the hole transport layer film, wherein the gold evaporation current is 130A, and the vacuum degree is 1.0 to 103Pa or less for 120s to obtain a gold electrode having a thickness of 500 nm.
(5) Preparing a polymer-based substrate on a counter electrode: adding 50 mu L of PDMS on the counter electrode, then attaching a biaxially oriented polypropylene PP and low density polyethylene LDPE composite film, heating and curing for 20min on a 50 ℃ hot bench to obtain a polymer-based substrate composite film with the thickness of 20 mu m and the transmittance of 95% (the parameters of the step are completely the same as those of example 1, but the performance difference of the obtained film is large, please confirm), and finally obtaining the polymer-based phototactic perovskite solar cell.
The photoelectric performance of the polymer-based phototactic perovskite solar cell prepared in the example was tested, and the current density-voltage curve is shown in fig. 3, which indicates that the current density-voltage curve is AM1.5 at 100mW/cm2Under the irradiation of standard light intensity, the open-circuit voltage of a solar cell sample is 1.07V, and the short-circuit current density is 20.76mA/cm2Fill factor 0.71, conversion efficiency 15.77%.
The phototaxis performance test of the polymer-based phototaxis perovskite solar cell prepared in the embodiment shows that the cell can move forward for 1cm within 5s under the irradiation of an infrared lamp, and the cell is restored to a flat state within 20s after the infrared lamp is turned off.
Example 3
(1) Preparing an electron transport layer on the working electrode: the working electrode is made of ITO-PET, the thickness of the working electrode is 350 mu m, and the transmittance of the working electrode is 90 percent; the electron transport layer is made of inorganic material SnO2. Adding SnCl precursor2·2H2Dissolving O in ethanol according to the concentration of 0.1mg/ml, spin-coating the solution on the surface of ITO-PET, transferring the film to a hot table preheated to 150 ℃ immediately after the spin-coating is finished, and heating for 60min to obtain an electron transport layer SnO with the thickness of 60nm2(ii) a Wherein the spin speed was 2000rpm and the time was 45 s.
(2) Preparing a light absorbing layer on the electron transport layer: the perovskite precursor PbI2Dissolving in DMF at concentration of 463mg/ml, spin-coating the obtained solution on the surface of the electron transport layer, and immediately transferring the film onto a hot table preheated to 70 ℃ for heating for 20min after the spin-coating is finished; the heated film was cooled to room temperature and then spin coated with CH at a concentration of 10mg/ml3NH3I, obtaining a brownish black film by using an isopropanol solution, and heating the brownish black film on a 70 ℃ hot bench for 30min to obtain a perovskite film light absorption layer with the thickness of 400 nm; wherein the spin speed was 2500rpm for 45 s.
(3) Preparing a hole transport layer on the light absorbing layer: spin-coating a layer of 0.17mol/L Spiro-MeOTAD chlorobenzene solution on the surface of the perovskite thin film light absorption layer, and standing for 24 hours after the spin-coating is finished to obtain a hole transmission layer with the thickness of 40 nm; wherein the spin speed was 2500rpm for 30 s.
(4) Preparing a counter electrode on the hole transport layer: performing vacuum gold evaporation on the hole transport layer film, wherein the gold evaporation current is 130A, and the vacuum degree is 1.0 to 103Pa or less for 100s to obtain a gold electrode having a thickness of 300 nm.
(5) Preparing a polymer-based substrate on a counter electrode: adding 50 mu L of PDMS on the counter electrode, then attaching a biaxially oriented polypropylene PP and low density polyethylene LDPE composite film, heating and curing for 20min on a 50 ℃ hot bench to obtain a polymer-based substrate composite film with the thickness of 100 mu m and the transmittance of 90%, and finally obtaining the polymer-based phototactic perovskite solar cell.
The true bookThe scanning electron microscope picture of the light absorption layer of the polymer-based phototactic perovskite solar cell prepared in the example is shown in FIG. 4, the surface of the visible light absorption layer is smooth, and CH is3NH3The I crystal grain has larger size and good surface appearance.
The phototaxis performance test of the polymer-based phototaxis perovskite solar cell prepared in the embodiment shows that the cell can move forward for 1cm within 8s under the irradiation of an infrared lamp, and the cell is restored to a flat state within 30s after the infrared lamp is turned off.
The photoelectric performance test of the polymer-based phototactic perovskite solar cell prepared in the embodiment shows that the photoelectric performance is 100mW/cm at AM1.52Under the irradiation of standard light intensity, the open-circuit voltage of the solar cell sample is 0.98V, and the short-circuit current density is 20.06mA/cm2Fill factor 0.73, conversion efficiency 14.96%.
Claims (10)
1. A polymer-based phototactic perovskite solar cell is characterized in that: the device comprises a polymer-based substrate, a counter electrode, a hole transport layer, a light absorption layer, an electron transport layer and a working electrode which are sequentially stacked; wherein the polymer-based substrate is a biaxially oriented polypropylene (PP) and Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) composite film; the light absorption layer is organic-inorganic hybrid CH with a perovskite structure3NH3PbI3A photovoltaic material.
2. The polymer-based phototactic perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: the polymer-based substrate has a thickness of 20 to 200 μm and a transmittance of 75 to 95%.
3. The polymer-based phototactic perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: the counter electrode is made of gold and has a thickness of 10-500 nm.
4. The polymer-based phototactic perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: the hole transport layer is Spiro-MeOTAD and is 3-60 nm thick.
5. The polymer-based phototactic perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: the thickness of the light absorption layer is 30-600 nm.
6. The polymer-based phototactic perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: the electron transport layer is TiO2Or SnO2The inorganic material is 3-60 nm thick.
7. The polymer-based phototactic perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: the working electrode is ITO-PET, the thickness is 1-500 μm, and the transmittance is 85-95%.
8. A method for preparing a polymer-based phototactic perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising:
(1) preparing an electron transport layer on the working electrode: uniformly stirring the electron transport layer precursor mixed solution, spin-coating the electron transport layer precursor mixed solution on the surface of a working electrode, and heating the working electrode at 140-160 ℃ for 60-180 min to obtain an electron transport layer;
(2) preparing a light absorbing layer on the electron transport layer: the perovskite precursor PbI with the concentration of 400-500 mg/ml2The DMF solution is coated on the surface of the electron transport layer in a spin mode, heated, cooled to room temperature, and then coated with CH with the concentration of 8-12 mg/ml in a spin mode3NH3Heating the isopropanol solution of the I to obtain a light absorption layer; wherein the heating process conditions are as follows: heating at 60-80 ℃ for 20-30 min;
(3) preparing a hole transport layer on the light absorbing layer: the chlorobenzene solution of the hole transport material with the concentration of 0.15-0.2 mol/L is coated on the surface of the light absorption layer in a rotating mode, and the light absorption layer is kept stand for 22-26 hours to obtain a hole transport layer;
(4) preparing a counter electrode on the hole transport layer: carrying out vacuum evaporation on a counter electrode material to the surface of the hole transport layer to obtain a counter electrode;
(5) preparing a polymer-based substrate on a counter electrode: and adding 45-55 mu L of polydimethylsiloxane PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) on the counter electrode, then attaching a biaxially oriented PP and LDPE composite film, and heating and curing at 40-60 ℃ for 15-25 min to obtain the composite film.
9. The method for preparing a polymer-based phototactic perovskite solar cell according to claim 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the spin coating in the steps (1) - (3) comprises the following technological parameters: the rotating speed of the spin coating is 2000-3000 rpm, and the spin coating time is 30-50 s.
10. The method for preparing a polymer-based phototactic perovskite solar cell according to claim 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the technological parameters of vacuum evaporation in the step (4) are as follows: vacuum degree of 1.0 x 103Pa below, the current is 125-135A, and the time is 20-120 s.
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