CN108520522A - Retinal fundus images dividing method based on the full convolutional neural networks of depth - Google Patents
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of retinal fundus images dividing method based on the full convolutional neural networks of depth, including:Training set and test set are chosen, extracts to obtain optic disk localization region image promoting circulation of blood pipe of going forward side by side to retinal fundus images and goes division operation;Build the full convolutional neural networks of depth, it is inputted optic disk localization region image as it, it is that initial value carries out the training of optic disk parted pattern to finely tune model parameter on training set based on trained weight parameter, small parameter perturbations of progress optic cup parted pattern on this basis;The segmentation of optic cup and optic disk is carried out on test set with trained optic cup parted pattern, ellipse fitting is carried out to the result finally divided, vertical cup disc ratio is calculated according to the partitioning boundary of optic cup and optic disk, and using cup disc ratio result as the important evidence of glaucoma auxiliary diagnosis.The present invention realizes the automatic segmentation of the optic disk and optic cup of retinal fundus images, and precision is high, and speed is fast.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of retinal fundus images dividing methods based on the full convolutional neural networks of depth, belong to medicine
Image processing field.
Background technology
Glaucoma is a kind of chronic eye diseases, it is that visual performance caused by Accumulative damage due to optic nerve lacks.Mesh
Preceding glaucoma has become the second largest reason for leading to blindness.Although glaucoma is a kind of irreversible eye visual that can not be cured
It damages, but the deterioration of disease can be slowed down by treating effectively and timely.Therefore, for glaucoma it is timely diagnosis seem to
It closes important.Optic cup optic disk is vertically than being a kind of important evidence for the diagnosis of glaucoma being widely used, in current clinical practice
In, cup disc ratio is mostly by doctor's manual measurement and calculating, but manual measurement not only time and effort consuming, but also the survey of different doctors
Measuring result, there are certain subjectivities, thus are unsuitable for carrying out large-scale disorder in screening.Therefore automatically optic cup optic disk segmentation
Cup disc ratio calculating be more concerned by people.
The optic cup optic disk dividing method of retinal fundus images may be roughly divided into three categories:Method, base based on template
In the method for deformation model and method based on pixel classification, first two method is based primarily upon the edge feature of optic cup optic disk,
The realization quality of algorithm function greatly depends on the Edge difference at optic cup optic disk edge and other structures region, when appearance is easily obscured
Lesion when segmentation algorithm effect it is bad, and based on the method for deformation model for the selection rdativery sensitive of initial point, for
The selection relative difficulty of good initialization points.Method based on pixel classification is heavily constrained by the higher picture of high-definition picture
Vegetarian refreshments quantity will realize that the model optimization in pixel scale is very difficult.Above-mentioned dividing method processing procedure is relative complex simultaneously,
It is also relatively long the time required in image segmentation.
Invention content
Goal of the invention:It is a kind of based on the full convolutional Neural of depth present invention aims in view of the deficiencies of the prior art, providing
The retinal fundus images dividing method of network realizes the automatic segmentation of the optic disk and optic cup of retinal fundus images, and precision is high,
Speed is fast.
Technical solution:Retinal fundus images dividing method of the present invention based on the full convolutional neural networks of depth, packet
Include following steps:
(1) retinal fundus images data set is chosen as training set and test set, to the optic disk of retinal fundus images
Region carries out positioning and extraction obtains optic disk localization region image;
(2) blood vessel is carried out to the optic disk localization region image of extraction and goes division operation;
(3) depth full convolutional neural networks of the structure for image segmentation, the depth in the libraries deep learning tool Caffe
It spends full convolutional neural networks and is divided into optic disk segmentation and optic cup segmentation;
(4) optic disk localization region image after removing blood vessel is as the input of the full convolutional neural networks of depth, when input
Subtract mean value pretreatment operation to what optic disk localization region image carried out each channel, in optic disk partitioned data set DRIONS-DB
The good weight parameter of upper pre-training is training initial value, and the training of optic disk parted pattern is carried out on training set to finely tune model ginseng
Number;It is disclosed data set that pretreatment operation, which uses existing method, data set DRIONS-DB,;
(5) small parameter perturbations of optic cup parted pattern are carried out in trained optic disk parted pattern parameter;
(6) segmentation for carrying out optic cup and optic disk on test set with trained optic cup parted pattern, to what is finally divided
As a result ellipse fitting is carried out to obtain smooth oval segmenting edge, and vertical cup disk is calculated according to the partitioning boundary of optic cup and optic disk
Than, and using cup disc ratio result as the important evidence of glaucoma auxiliary diagnosis.
Further improve above-mentioned technical proposal, it is blood vessel segmentation and based on covering that the blood vessel in the step (2), which goes division operation,
The image repair of film operates.
Further, the full convolutional neural networks of the depth include convolutional layer, active coating, pond layer, warp lamination and damage
Lose function;The convolutional layer be on the image using sliding convolution window, use size be the convolution kernel of 3 × 3 pixels and
Local data in input data in a window is weighted summation operation, until the complete all input datas of convolution;It is described
Active coating using ReLu correct linear unit, convert linear function to it is non-linear, by activation primitive max { 0, x } to input
Data are handled;The pond layer is using maximum pond method;The warp lamination is will be by pond layer by convolution method
The dimension enlargement for the input data reduced afterwards is original input image size;The loss function is according to optic disk in image and optic cup
The quantitative proportion of pixel and background area pixels shared by region, adjust its in loss function corresponding coefficient to balance pixel number
The difference of amount.
Further, use trained optic disk parted pattern, optic cup parted pattern on test set in the step (6)
The segmentation for carrying out optic cup and optic disk carries out ellipse fitting to obtain smooth oval segmenting edge to the result finally divided.
Further, totally 46 layers of the full convolutional neural networks of the depth, except last linear convolution layer is 1 × 1 size
Outside convolution kernel, remaining convolutional layer is the convolution kernel size of 3*3.
Advantageous effect:The invention discloses a kind of eye fundus image optic disks based on the full convolutional neural networks of depth and optic cup point
Segmentation method is designed input picture and has trained a depth classified based on pixel from image to image end to end
Segmentation network structure model is practised, entire model flow is made of two major parts:Optic disk partitioning portion and optic cup partitioning portion,
In image input, blood vessel is carried out to input picture and goes divided by reduce the interference to depth segmentation network, and in training optic cup
When parted pattern, it is finely adjusted with trained optic disk network parameter before on model identical with optic disk segmentation network,
The last calculating that cup disc ratio is carried out according to the optic cup optic disk image being partitioned into, and provide for the medical diagnosis on disease of glaucoma assist according to
According to.Compared with traditional optic disk optic cup dividing method, the present invention only needs to can be completed to a width complete graph by a forward direction operation
The segmentation of picture, treatment effect are higher than state-of-the art, can be widely used in the retinal diagnosis such as glaucoma disease field,
Powerful aided diagnosis technique support is provided for the pathological diagnosis of retinal fundus images.According to optic disk in eye fundus image with regard
The structure feature of cup, theory of medicine knowledge is combined with the full convolutional neural networks of depth, need to will only be waited for when being split point
Optic disk corresponding with artwork and optic cup segmentation result figure can disposably be obtained by cutting image input network, in point that ensure that image
While cutting precision, it may have faster splitting speed.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow diagram of the method for the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of optic disk segmentation depth network.
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of optic cup segmentation depth network.
Fig. 4 is the input picture of removal blood vessel before segmentation.
Fig. 5 is that standard optic disk divides schematic diagram with optic cup.
Fig. 6 is optic disk and optic cup segmentation effect figure in the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
Technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below by attached drawing, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to
The embodiment.
Embodiment 1:Retinal fundus images dividing method provided by the invention based on the full convolutional neural networks of depth, it is first
First the optic disk region of eyeground figure is positioned and extracted based on existing algorithm, later using optic disk localization region image as depth
The input of full convolutional neural networks, then predicts the pixel in input picture using the full convolutional neural networks of depth, most
The auxiliary foundation that corresponding cup disc ratio is used as glaucoma disease diagnosis is calculated by obtained optic disk and optic cup segmentation result afterwards, such as
Shown in Fig. 1.
The method of the present invention and technique effect are illustrated below by specific example.
Step 1:Using open glaucoma disease eyeground diagram data collection ORIGA as training and test retinal fundus images
Collection, the right and left eyes image of a total of 650 different objects of the data.Wherein 325 width images are as training sample, remaining 325 width
As test image.Input of the corresponding region as depth segmentation network is extracted based on existing optic disk localization method.
Step 2:Division operation is gone to input optic disk localization region image progress blood vessel to reduce blood vessel structure to optic disk and regard
The interference of cup cutting procedure, specific blood vessel removal flow are blood vessel segmentation and the image repair operation based on mask.
Step 3:Depth full convolutional neural networks of the structure for image segmentation, institute in the libraries deep learning tool Caffe
It states depth segmentation network and is divided into optic disk segmentation and optic cup partitioning portion, the optic disk localization region image after blood vessel is removed is as deep
The input for spending full convolutional neural networks subtracts mean value pretreatment operation in input picture to what image carried out each channel,
Initial value of the good model parameter of pre-training as training, when pre-training, adopt on disclosed optic disk partitioned data set DRIONS-DB
With same parted pattern and loss function, the training of optic disk segmentation network is then carried out on training sample to finely tune model ginseng
Number.
Step 4:The small parameter perturbations of optic cup parted pattern are carried out in trained optic disk parted pattern parameter, depth is complete
The output of convolutional network is the result is that each pixel belongs to the probability graph of optic disk or optic cup in image, finally to the segmentation of depth network
Figure carries out ellipse fitting and obtains final optic disk and optic cup segmentation result, and calculates corresponding cup disc ratio and examined as glaucoma auxiliary
Disconnected foundation.
Experimental Hardware:Central processing unit is 2.8GHZ Intel Xeon E5-1603, and graphics processor is tall and handsome reaches
GTX1080, video memory 8GB.Experiment software:Operating system is Ubuntu14.04LTS, deep learning tool Caffe.
The full convolutional neural networks of depth of the present invention are mainly divided two parts and are formed by optic disk segmentation and optic cup, the depth
Full convolutional neural networks include convolutional layer, active coating, pond layer, warp lamination and loss function, and specific optic disk and optic cup are deep
Degree segmentation network structure is as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3, and totally 46 layers, parameter setting is as shown in table 1.
Table 1
There are 5 convolution feature extraction phases in the network, each stage is by multiple convolutional layers and ReLU activation primitive groups
At in the same convolution stage, the characteristic pattern size generated by the convolutional layer of different convolution kernels is identical.Pond layer acts on each
After the convolution in stage (in addition to the 5th stage) for reduce the size of characteristic pattern with realize the increase information with network depth by
The purpose gradually abstracted, this is also the key factor for obtaining more preferable Generalization Capability.
In order to more effectively utilize the information of each convolution stage different size of characteristic pattern, by GoogLeNet networks
The inspiration of Inception structures, by extracting last characteristic pattern knot of each stage for the specific warp lamination that optic disk is divided
The characteristic pattern of different scale is processed into the identical with original input image size of 16 channels by fruit, this specific warp lamination
Characteristic pattern is simultaneously serially connected, to obtain from whole specific to abstract characteristic pattern, while in training in each stage
Supervision is added in portion's convolution, i.e., corresponding segmentation image is returned to the convolution results in each stage, and calculates corresponding loss.In net
Network it is last using the concatenation characteristic pattern before convolutional layer linear combination to generate last segmentation result.
For the purpose of local shape factor and operation efficiency in the present invention, in addition to last linear convolution layer is 1 × 1 big
Outside small convolution kernel, the convolution kernel size that most of convolutional layers in network are 3*3, the ginseng of convolution during image procossing
Number it is not changeless, from trained data middle school acquistion to, in training process, most by using gradient descent method
Smallization loss function constantly updates weight and offset parameter in network layer, therefore effect is more preferable.
Preferably learn optic disk to solve the problems, such as that the class occurred in training network is unbalanced to reach in the present invention
The purpose of feature, use class balance cross entropy loss function, it is assumed that training set be S=(Xn, Yn), n=1,2 ... N,
Wherein N is that training image is total, Xn representing input images, the tag set of each pixel in Yn representative images, i.e.,For simplicity, subscript n is omitted, loss function is defined as:
Wherein W represents the parameter sets of convolutional network, can be trained by back-propagating.Y+ and Y_ are respectively true
The optic disk of tally set Y or the pixel set of optic cup part and background parts.Factor beta is for solving the background picture present in picture
Prime number amount far more than foreground pixel class imbalance problem, wherein β=| Y_ |/| Y |.
Loss function is minimized using momentum stochastic gradient descent method, the considerations of for hardware store condition, every time by one
Pictures input in the full convolutional neural networks of depth, and loss function is obtained after completing the forward direction operation of data, then utilize the damage
It loses functional value and carries out gradient calculating.It selects multistep learning rate strategy to change learning rate, is gradually reduced according to iterations.When
Reach maximum iterations or when loss function value tends towards stability, the full convolutional neural networks deconditioning of depth obtains depth
Divide network model parameter.
In training in view of optic disk information and optic cup information gap is larger and the type difference of input picture in the present invention,
In order to obtain preferable fine tuning effect, e-learning rate is promoted to 2 times of original optic disk segmentation e-learning rate.
The parameter for including weight and biasing in each network layer in the trained full convolution segmentation network model of depth, is adopted
Optic disk is carried out to retinal fundus images with the method for the present invention and optic cup is divided, the average weight of optic disk segmentation and optic cup segmentation result
Folded error is respectively 7.1% and 36.9%, and segmentation effect is higher than other methods at present.Segmentation effect is as shown in Figures 4 to 6.
Since blood vessel goes effective involvement of division operation, loss function based on different classes of pixel ratio, this method segmentation precision is significantly
It improves.The full convolution segmentation network of depth of the present invention only needs disposably obtain image to be split input network and artwork phase
Corresponding optic disk and optic cup segmentation result figure, and the processing time of each image is only 10ms.Therefore, it is based on the full convolutional network of depth
Retinal fundus images optic disk and optic cup dividing method be very efficient.
As described above, although the present invention has been indicated and described with reference to specific preferred embodiment, must not explain
For the limitation to invention itself.It without prejudice to the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims, can be right
Various changes can be made in the form and details for it.
Claims (5)
1. the retinal fundus images dividing method based on the full convolutional neural networks of depth, which is characterized in that include the following steps:
(1) retinal fundus images data set is chosen as training set and test set, to the optic disk region of retinal fundus images
It carries out positioning and extraction obtains optic disk localization region image;
(2) blood vessel is carried out to the optic disk localization region image of extraction and goes division operation;
(3) depth full convolutional neural networks of the structure for image segmentation, the depth are complete in the libraries deep learning tool Caffe
Convolutional neural networks are divided into optic disk segmentation and optic cup segmentation;
(4) optic disk localization region image after removing blood vessel is as the input of the full convolutional neural networks of depth, to regarding when input
What disk localization region image carried out each channel subtracts mean value pretreatment operation, with pre- on optic disk partitioned data set DRIONS-DB
Initial value of the trained model parameter as training carries out the training of optic disk parted pattern to finely tune model ginseng on training set
Number;
(5) small parameter perturbations of optic cup parted pattern are carried out in trained optic disk parted pattern parameter;
(6) segmentation for carrying out optic cup and optic disk on test set with trained optic cup parted pattern, to the result finally divided
Ellipse fitting is carried out to obtain smooth oval segmenting edge, vertical cup disc ratio is calculated according to the partitioning boundary of optic cup and optic disk,
And using cup disc ratio result as the important evidence of glaucoma auxiliary diagnosis.
2. the retinal fundus images dividing method according to claim 1 based on the full convolutional neural networks of depth, special
Sign is:It is blood vessel segmentation and the image repair operation based on mask that blood vessel in the step (2), which goes division operation,.
3. the retinal fundus images dividing method according to claim 1 based on the full convolutional neural networks of depth, special
Sign is:The full convolutional neural networks of depth include convolutional layer, active coating, pond layer, warp lamination and loss function;It is described
Convolutional layer is to use size in the convolution kernel of 3 × 3 pixels and input data one using sliding convolution window on the image
Local data in a window is weighted summation operation, until the complete all input datas of convolution;The active coating uses
ReLu correct linear unit, convert linear function to it is non-linear, by activation primitive max { 0, x } to input data at
Reason;The pond layer is using maximum pond method;The warp lamination is defeated by what is reduced after the layer of pond by convolution method
The dimension enlargement for entering data is original input image size;The loss function is according to picture shared by optic disk in image and optic cup region
Element and background area pixels quantitative proportions, adjust its in loss function corresponding coefficient to balance the difference of pixel quantity.
4. the retinal fundus images dividing method according to claim 1 based on the full convolutional neural networks of depth, special
Sign is:In the step (6) using trained optic disk parted pattern, optic cup parted pattern carried out on test set optic cup and
The segmentation of optic disk carries out ellipse fitting to obtain smooth oval segmenting edge to the result finally divided.
5. the retinal fundus images dividing method according to claim 3 based on the full convolutional neural networks of depth, special
Sign is:Totally 46 layers of the full convolutional neural networks of depth remain in addition to last linear convolution layer is the convolution kernel of 1 × 1 size
Remaining convolutional layer is the convolution kernel size of 3*3.
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