CN108519769A - A kind of rule-based flight control system method for diagnosing faults - Google Patents

A kind of rule-based flight control system method for diagnosing faults Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108519769A
CN108519769A CN201810311603.1A CN201810311603A CN108519769A CN 108519769 A CN108519769 A CN 108519769A CN 201810311603 A CN201810311603 A CN 201810311603A CN 108519769 A CN108519769 A CN 108519769A
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knowledge
failure
fault diagnosis
reasoning
rule
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CN201810311603.1A
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陈小平
万鹏
李翔
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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Priority to CN201810311603.1A priority Critical patent/CN108519769A/en
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05BCONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B23/00Testing or monitoring of control systems or parts thereof
    • G05B23/02Electric testing or monitoring
    • G05B23/0205Electric testing or monitoring by means of a monitoring system capable of detecting and responding to faults
    • G05B23/0218Electric testing or monitoring by means of a monitoring system capable of detecting and responding to faults characterised by the fault detection method dealing with either existing or incipient faults
    • G05B23/0224Process history based detection method, e.g. whereby history implies the availability of large amounts of data
    • G05B23/0227Qualitative history assessment, whereby the type of data acted upon, e.g. waveforms, images or patterns, is not relevant, e.g. rule based assessment; if-then decisions
    • G05B23/0229Qualitative history assessment, whereby the type of data acted upon, e.g. waveforms, images or patterns, is not relevant, e.g. rule based assessment; if-then decisions knowledge based, e.g. expert systems; genetic algorithms
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05BCONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B23/00Testing or monitoring of control systems or parts thereof
    • G05B23/02Electric testing or monitoring
    • G05B23/0205Electric testing or monitoring by means of a monitoring system capable of detecting and responding to faults
    • G05B23/0218Electric testing or monitoring by means of a monitoring system capable of detecting and responding to faults characterised by the fault detection method dealing with either existing or incipient faults
    • G05B23/0243Electric testing or monitoring by means of a monitoring system capable of detecting and responding to faults characterised by the fault detection method dealing with either existing or incipient faults model based detection method, e.g. first-principles knowledge model
    • G05B23/0245Electric testing or monitoring by means of a monitoring system capable of detecting and responding to faults characterised by the fault detection method dealing with either existing or incipient faults model based detection method, e.g. first-principles knowledge model based on a qualitative model, e.g. rule based; if-then decisions
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05BCONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B23/00Testing or monitoring of control systems or parts thereof
    • G05B23/02Electric testing or monitoring
    • G05B23/0205Electric testing or monitoring by means of a monitoring system capable of detecting and responding to faults
    • G05B23/0259Electric testing or monitoring by means of a monitoring system capable of detecting and responding to faults characterized by the response to fault detection
    • G05B23/0275Fault isolation and identification, e.g. classify fault; estimate cause or root of failure
    • G05B23/0278Qualitative, e.g. if-then rules; Fuzzy logic; Lookup tables; Symptomatic search; FMEA

Abstract

The invention belongs to aircraft fault diagnosis technology fields, and in particular to a kind of rule-based flight control system method for diagnosing faults.The knowledge representation method using production rule tree+frame of the present invention indicates fault diagnosis knowledge, the learning machine as knowledge is combined using graphical rule tree modeling tool and Characters tool, the method of the present invention improves expression ability of the rule-based method for diagnosing faults to complicated knowledge, the structure speed of knowledge base is accelerated, and then enhances performance of fault diagnosis.

Description

A kind of rule-based flight control system method for diagnosing faults
Technical field
The invention belongs to aircraft fault diagnosis technology fields, and in particular to a kind of rule-based flight control system failure is examined Disconnected method.
Background technology
The failure of core system of the flight control system as aircraft, system unit not only affects the property of flight control system Can, can also be that the flight safety of aircraft brings great threat, intelligent Fault Diagnosis Technique, which is applied to aircraft, flies control system In the fault diagnosis of system, auxiliary flight crew excludes flight control system failure in time, improves craft preservation efficiency, ensures aircraft Safe flight, be currently have there is an urgent need to research contents.
The common method of fault diagnosis of flight control system has the fault diagnosis based on model, and the failure based on signal processing is examined Disconnected and Knowledge based engineering fault diagnosis.
Fault diagnosis based on model is a kind of mathematical model diagnosing object by foundation, is output in by model practical defeated Go out to calculate system residual error, by analyzing residual error to make a kind of method for diagnosing faults of level diagnosis to failure.But fly The row device dynamical system complicated as one, many relevant mathematical models of component are difficult often to establish, and residual error amount is also It can be interfered by many noises so that the application range of such method is limited by very large.
Method based on signal processing is that a kind of signal model by analyzing measurand completes the side of fault diagnosis Method, commonly the method based on signal model have wavelet analysis method, principle component analysis etc..But the failure letter that such methods utilize It ceases relatively simple, the uncertain problem in fault diagnosis can not be solved, cause to the diagnosis capability of complex fault relatively It is weak.
Knowledge based engineering method for diagnosing faults is a kind of independent of mathematical model, and fault diagnosis knowledge is used by study The method for completing fault diagnosis.Common Knowledge based engineering method for diagnosing faults has:Method based on expert system, based on fuzzy The method of logic, the method based on grey relational grade, the method for case-based reasioning, is based on information at the method based on rough set The method of fusion, the method based on artificial neural network, the method based on Bayesian network, the method based on fault tree and base In the method etc. of support vector machines.Knowledge based engineering method for diagnosing faults since it does not depend on accurate mathematical model, so its The scope of application is wider, but the acquisition of knowledge often influences the key factor of its performance of fault diagnosis.
Rule-based method for diagnosing faults is a kind of specific implementation form of expert system, be one kind in fault diagnosis In apply to obtain very extensive method for diagnosing faults, the failure by the way that expert to be obtained to fault diagnosis Heuristics and many is examined Disconnected factual knowledge is stored in the form of production rule in knowledge base, imitate the thinking of expert to the failure of flight control system into Expression, acquisition and the utilization of row diagnostic knowledge are three key elements of knowledge processing.Common rule-based failure is examined Disconnected method is often using the representation method of production rule in the representation of knowledge, but production rule is indicating there is knot Exist when the fact that structure knowledge greatly difficult.Its common knowledge acquisition method is by knowledge engineer by using solid The table for the formula that fixes or the mode typing filled a vacancy, this strong influence knowledge base establishes speed, and some complexity are known The ability to express of knowledge is weaker.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is indicated aiming at the above problem using the knowledge representation method of production rule tree+frame Fault diagnosis knowledge is combined the learning machine as knowledge using graphical rule tree modeling tool and Characters tool, carries Go out a kind of rule-based flight control system method for diagnosing faults.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of rule-based flight control system method for diagnosing faults, which is characterized in that include the following steps:
A, knowledge base is built:
The procedural knowledge of fault diagnosis, i.e. patrolling between failure symptom and failure are indicated in the form of production rule tree The relationship of collecting;
With the fact that frame representation failure symptom and failure sex knowledge, the definition institute to failure symptom, failure is included at least The fact that need sex knowledge;
Based on production rule tree, frame is that daughter element builds knowledge base, forms the relational database of stored knowledge Database model;
B, the knowledge learning machine that knowledge base matches in foundation and step a, i.e. knowledge learning machine have graphical regular number Modeling and Characters function, the graphical regular number modeling are used for the logical relation between typing failure symptom and failure, Generate production rule number;The Characters are used for the fact that typing fault diagnosis sex knowledge, that is, generate frame;
C, flight control system fault diagnosis knowledge is entered into knowledge base using knowledge learning machine, flight control system event Barrier diagnostic knowledge includes the empirical knowledge and other factual knowledges of expert;
D, it is made inferences by the inference machine based on logical relation between failure symptom and failure, obtains fault diagnosis knot By.
Further, the specific method of the step d is:
The inference mode of inference machine is searched out using mixed inference mode that is positive and being inversely combined, first forward reasoning The production rule for needing further reasoning to confirm, then by way of backward inference according to Strategy of Conflict Resolution in conjunction with known to Failure symptom completes entire reasoning process;
The Strategy of Conflict Resolution is the mode in conjunction with subregion and priority, i.e., in subregion of the failure symptom where it Fault diagnosis reasoning is carried out, the fault diagnosis reasoning between different subregions is independent of each other, and in same subregion, priority is higher Rule initially enter reasoning process, combine existing fault diagnosis to enter next priority using the new fact of its generation Reasoning.
Further, further include step:
E, using the explanation engine based on text interpretation method and tracing, by text interpretation method using in knowledge base Factual knowledge, the definition, description of the fact used, pass through tracing and track inference machine in explaining the process of reasoning to user Reasoning process generates fault reasoning decision tree, the reasoning process of current conclusion is explained to user.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are that method of the invention improves rule-based method for diagnosing faults to complicated knowledge Expression ability, accelerate the structure speed of knowledge base, and then enhance performance of fault diagnosis.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the fault diagnosis system structure chart of embodiment;
Fig. 2 is that flow is embodied in the method for diagnosing faults of embodiment;
Fig. 3 is the production rule tree representation of the knowledge of embodiment.
Specific implementation mode
With reference to embodiment and attached drawing, detailed description of the present invention technical solution:
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, for the system framework figure of this example, wherein:
Human-computer interaction interface:It is responsible for system and the human-computer interaction before expert, engineering, expert will by human-computer interaction interface Fault diagnosis knowledge is entered among system, and engineering completes fault diagnosis by using human-computer interaction interface calling system function, Fault diagnosis conclusion is fed back to engineering by system by human-computer interaction interface.
Knowledge base:Fault diagnosis knowledge of the knowledge base for storing flight control system fault diagnosis, including expert's are empirical Knowledge and other factual knowledges.Knowledge is indicated in knowledge base in the form of production rule tree+frame.
Learning machine:Learning machine is responsible for the Heuristics of expert and other fault diagnosis factual knowledges being entered into knowledge base In.
Inference machine:Inference machine is responsible for carrying out fault diagnosis reasoning under the control of the inference strategy set, finally obtains Fault diagnosis conclusion.
Explanation engine:Explanation engine is responsible for solving the reasoning process of release system to user, makes its reasoning process transparence.
The workflow of this example is:
Step 1:Indicate the procedural knowledge of fault diagnosis in the form of production rule tree, i.e., failure symptom and failure it Between logical relation.With the fact that frame representation failure symptom and failure sex knowledge, determine including to failure symptom, failure True sex knowledge needed for a series of fault diagnosises such as justice, description, as shown in table 1.Based on production rule tree, frame is Daughter element builds knowledge base, forms the database model of the relational database of stored knowledge, as shown in Figure 3.
The frame representation of 1 knowledge of table
Step 2:The knowledge learning machine that design configuration rule tree models and Characters are combined.Characters tool master The fact that be responsible for typing fault diagnosis sex knowledge, such as the definition to failure symptom, failure.Graphical rule tree modeling tool The logical relation i.e. procedural knowledge of diagnostic reasoning being mainly responsible between typing failure symptom and failure.
Step 3:Design the inference machine that logical relation is built based on failure symptom and failure.Using based on subregion+priority Strategy of Conflict Resolution.Using the mode of subregion, failure symptom is made to carry out fault diagnosis reasoning in the subregion only where it, it is different Fault diagnosis reasoning between subregion is independent of each other.In same subregion, in such a way that Different Rule priority is set, make excellent The first higher rule of grade initially enters reasoning process, combines existing fault diagnosis to enter using the new fact of its generation next The reasoning of priority.The inference mode of inference machine is using mixed inference mode that is positive and being inversely combined, first forward reasoning The production rule for needing further reasoning to confirm is searched out, then according to Strategy of Conflict Resolution knot by way of backward inference It closes known true (failure symptom) and then completes entire reasoning process.
Step 4:Design the explanation engine based on text interpretation method and tracing.Text interpretation method mainly utilizes knowledge base In true sex knowledge, definition, the description etc. of the fact used in explaining the process of reasoning to user.Tracing be mainly responsible for The reasoning process of track inference machine generates fault reasoning decision tree, and then the reasoning process of current conclusion is explained to user.
Step 5:Fault diagnosis knowledge is entered into system knowledge base by man-machine interface using knowledge learning machine by expert, After completing the diagnostic knowledge typing of certain failure, engineering is interacted by man-machine interface, operating system with flight control computer, reading machine The failure symptom that monitoring device is recorded is carried, system, which is finally fed back the diagnosis of failure using inference machine and explanation engine, to be shown Onto man-machine interface, and then complete the diagnosis of the failure.

Claims (3)

1. a kind of rule-based flight control system method for diagnosing faults, which is characterized in that include the following steps:
A, knowledge base is built:
The procedural knowledge of fault diagnosis is indicated in the form of production rule tree, i.e., the logic between failure symptom and failure is closed System;
With the fact that frame representation failure symptom and failure sex knowledge, include at least needed for the definition to failure symptom, failure Factual knowledge;
Based on production rule tree, frame is that daughter element builds knowledge base, forms the number of the relational database of stored knowledge According to library model;
B, the knowledge learning machine that knowledge base matches in foundation and step a, i.e. knowledge learning machine have graphical regular number modeling With Characters function, the graphical regular number modeling is given birth to for the logical relation between typing failure symptom and failure At production rule number;The Characters are used for the fact that typing fault diagnosis sex knowledge, that is, generate frame;
C, flight control system fault diagnosis knowledge is entered into knowledge base using knowledge learning machine, the flight control system failure is examined Disconnected knowledge includes the empirical knowledge and other factual knowledges of expert;
D, it is made inferences by the inference machine based on logical relation between failure symptom and failure, obtains fault diagnosis conclusion.
2. a kind of rule-based flight control system method for diagnosing faults according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step Suddenly the specific method of d is:
The inference mode of inference machine searches out needs using mixed inference mode that is positive and being inversely combined, first forward reasoning The production rule that further reasoning confirms, then according to Strategy of Conflict Resolution combination known fault by way of backward inference Sign completes entire reasoning process;
The Strategy of Conflict Resolution is the mode in conjunction with subregion and priority, i.e., is carried out in subregion of the failure symptom where it Fault diagnosis reasoning, the fault diagnosis reasoning between different subregions are independent of each other, and in same subregion, the higher rule of priority Reasoning process is then initially entered, combines existing fault diagnosis to enter pushing away for next priority using the new fact of its generation Reason.
3. a kind of rule-based flight control system method for diagnosing faults according to claim 2, which is characterized in that further include Step:
E, using the explanation engine based on text interpretation method and tracing, the fact in knowledge base is utilized by text interpretation method Sex knowledge, the definition, description of the fact used, pass through the reasoning that tracing tracks inference machine in explaining the process of reasoning to user Process generates fault reasoning decision tree, the reasoning process of current conclusion is explained to user.
CN201810311603.1A 2018-04-09 2018-04-09 A kind of rule-based flight control system method for diagnosing faults Pending CN108519769A (en)

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CN109298706A (en) * 2018-11-02 2019-02-01 中国航空工业集团公司西安飞机设计研究所 A kind of flight control system method for diagnosing faults based on Bayesian network
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CN114545907B (en) * 2022-03-15 2023-12-19 中南大学 Fault detection method of flight control system based on filter

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