CN108519264B - Preparation method of fracture sample - Google Patents
Preparation method of fracture sample Download PDFInfo
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- CN108519264B CN108519264B CN201810312644.2A CN201810312644A CN108519264B CN 108519264 B CN108519264 B CN 108519264B CN 201810312644 A CN201810312644 A CN 201810312644A CN 108519264 B CN108519264 B CN 108519264B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of a fracture sample, and relates to the field of rock hydraulics. The preparation method of the fracture sample comprises the following steps: detecting the uniaxial compressive strength of the prepared solid cylindrical sample; shearing the prepared drilling sample according to the uniaxial compressive strength to prepare a fracture sample; wherein the drill sample was made from a solid cylindrical sample. The crack sample preparation method and the crack sample provided by the invention can reduce the cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of rock hydraulics, in particular to a preparation method of a fracture sample.
Background
In recent years, with the mass construction of large-scale projects such as energy mining, nuclear waste treatment, hydraulic engineering and underground space utilization, the problem of rock seepage is increasingly concerned. Louis proposes the concept of rock hydraulics, dividing the underground rock mass into 2 parts of complete rock and fissures. The whole rock can be regarded as a uniform continuous medium, so that the whole rock seepage research work is easier to develop in comparison, and the research theory is very mature. In contrast, although the rock mass fracture is small in volume, the rock mass fracture has strong flow capacity, plays a role in water diversion, and is an important channel for seepage, so that fracture seepage is an indispensable part for rock mass seepage. For fracture seepage research, the research on the influence of shearing action on seepage is one of the hot spots of rock seepage research at home and abroad at present. Because the vertical and shear stresses acting on the joint can change the internal pore structure of the joint to a large extent, thereby affecting the seepage characteristics of the joint, making the seepage laws in the fracture more complex, leading to a number of phenomena that remain unexplained. Therefore, the method has important significance for deeply developing the mechanical property research and the hydraulic property research of the shear crack surface.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide crack sample preparation, which can reduce the cost.
The invention aims to provide a crack sample, which can reduce the cost.
The invention provides a technical scheme that:
a fracture sample preparation method comprising:
detecting the uniaxial compressive strength of the prepared solid cylindrical sample;
shearing the prepared drilling sample according to the uniaxial compressive strength to prepare a fracture sample; wherein the drill sample is made from the solid cylinder sample.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step of measuring uniaxial compressive strength of the prepared solid cylinder sample comprises:
preparing the solid cylinder test sample by using a rock sample;
detecting the uniaxial compressive strength of the solid cylinder sample.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step of detecting the uniaxial compressive strength of the solid cylindrical sample comprises:
continuously loading normal force to the solid cylindrical sample in the axial direction;
and detecting the peak normal force when the solid cylindrical sample is damaged, wherein the peak normal force is the uniaxial compressive strength.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step of shearing the prepared drill hole sample according to the uniaxial compressive strength to obtain a fracture sample comprises:
applying axial preset axial stress to the drilling sample, wherein the preset axial stress is smaller than the uniaxial compressive strength;
and applying tangential shearing force to the drilling sample until the drilling sample is sheared off to prepare the fracture sample.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method for preparing a seepage sample further comprises:
preparing the drilling sample according to the solid cylinder sample.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step of preparing the drilling sample from the solid cylinder sample comprises:
and drilling a water injection hole with a preset depth at the center of the solid cylindrical sample to obtain the drilling sample.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method for preparing a seepage sample further comprises: and a water sealing gasket is arranged at one end of the crack sample close to the water injection hole.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method for preparing a fissure sample further comprises: and calculating the roughness of the crack surface of the crack sample according to the crack sample.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step of calculating the roughness of the fracture surface of the fracture specimen from the fracture specimen includes:
scanning the fracture surface;
establishing a three-dimensional fracture appearance according to the fracture surface;
and analyzing the three-dimensional fracture morphology to obtain the roughness.
A fracture sample is prepared by the preparation method of the fracture sample.
The crack sample preparation method and the crack sample provided by the invention have the beneficial effects that: the preparation method of the fracture sample comprises the following steps: detecting the uniaxial compressive strength of the prepared solid cylindrical sample; shearing the prepared drilling sample according to the uniaxial compressive strength to prepare a fracture sample; wherein the drill sample was made from a solid cylindrical sample. The crack sample preparation method and the crack sample provided by the invention can reduce the cost.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a seepage testing apparatus of a seepage testing method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a seepage testing method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart illustrating the sub-steps of step S100 of the seepage testing method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a flowchart illustrating the sub-steps of step S110 of the seepage testing method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a flowchart illustrating the sub-steps of step S114 of the seepage testing method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a flowchart illustrating sub-steps of step S130 of a seepage testing method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a flowchart illustrating the sub-steps of step S140 of the seepage testing method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a flowchart illustrating sub-steps of step S300 of a seepage testing method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a flowchart illustrating sub-steps of step S400 of a seepage testing method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Icon: 100-seepage test device; 110-a water pump assembly; 120-a control system; 130-a hold down assembly; 140-a displacement sensor; 150-pressure sensor.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships that are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, or the orientations or positional relationships that the products of the present invention conventionally put into use, or the orientations or positional relationships that the persons skilled in the art conventionally understand, are only used for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the equipment or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used solely to distinguish one from another and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Example one
The embodiment provides a seepage test method, and the seepage test method provided by the embodiment is simple to operate and can reduce the cost of a seepage test.
Referring to fig. 1, the seepage test method provided in this embodiment can be implemented by using a seepage test apparatus 100. The seepage testing apparatus 100 includes a water pump assembly 110, a control system 120, a compression assembly 130, a displacement sensor 140, and a pressure sensor 150. The water pump assembly 110 is connected with the pressing assembly 130, the pressure sensor 150 is connected with the water pump assembly 110, the displacement sensor 140 is connected with the pressing assembly 130, and the control system 120 is connected with the water pump assembly 110, the displacement sensor 140 and the pressing assembly 130.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
referring to fig. 2, in step S100, a fracture sample is prepared.
In this example, prior to the seepage test, a fracture sample to be subjected to the seepage test was prepared.
Referring to fig. 3, in the present embodiment, the step S100 may include a step S110, a step S120, a step S130, a step S140 and a step S150.
And step S110, detecting the uniaxial compressive strength of the prepared solid cylindrical sample.
In this example, uniaxial compression of the sample was performed in the axial direction of the solid cylindrical sample until the solid cylindrical sample was broken to examine uniaxial compressive strength.
Referring to fig. 4, in the present embodiment, the step S110 may include a step S112 and a step S114.
And step S112, preparing a solid cylindrical sample by using the rock sample.
In this example, the collected rock sample was drilled and processed to make a solid cylindrical sample.
Preferably, in this embodiment, the solid cylindrical sample has a diameter of 50mm and a height of 100 mm.
And step S114, detecting the uniaxial compressive strength of the solid cylindrical sample.
Referring to fig. 5, step S114 may include step S1142 and step S1144.
And step S1142, continuously loading the normal force on the solid cylindrical sample in the axial direction.
In this example, the sample was uniaxially compressed in the axial direction of the solid cylindrical sample to form displacement control with a large force, and the axial force was gradually increased at a rate of 0.002mm/s until the solid cylindrical sample was broken.
And step S1144, detecting the peak normal force when the solid cylindrical sample is damaged, wherein the peak normal force is uniaxial compressive strength.
In this example, the peak normal force, which is the uniaxial compressive strength, that caused the solid cylindrical specimen to fail was measured.
Continuing with FIG. 3, at step S120, a drilled sample is prepared from the solid cylindrical sample.
In this embodiment, a water injection hole with a preset depth is drilled at the center of the solid cylindrical sample to obtain a drilled sample.
In the present embodiment, the preset depth is 60 mm.
And S130, shearing the prepared drilling sample according to the uniaxial compressive strength to prepare a fracture sample. Wherein the drill sample was made from a solid cylindrical sample.
In this example, a shear force was applied to the drill sample in the tangential direction to shear the drill sample, thereby obtaining a fracture sample.
Referring to fig. 6, step S130 includes step S132 and step S134.
Step S132, applying axial preset axial stress to the drilling sample, wherein the preset axial stress is smaller than the uniaxial compressive strength.
In this embodiment, a predetermined axial stress is first applied in the axial direction of the drilled sample, wherein the predetermined axial stress is smaller than the uniaxial compressive strength. Ensuring that no damage occurs when the drilling sample is sheared off.
In the present embodiment, the preset axial stress may be 5%, 10%, 20%, etc. of the uniaxial compressive strength.
And S134, applying a shearing force to the drilling sample until the drilling sample is sheared to prepare a fracture sample.
And applying a preset axial stress in the axial direction of the drilling sample and applying a shearing force in the tangential direction at the same time, and shearing the drilling sample to prepare a fracture sample.
In this example, the fracture surface of the fractured sample communicates with the water injection hole.
In this embodiment, under different preset axial stresses, the shear forces of the shear bore samples are not equal, and the morphological parameters of the fracture surface of the fracture sample are as follows: the roughness (JRC) is also different.
Referring to fig. 3, in step S140, the roughness of the crack surface of the crack sample is calculated according to the crack sample.
In this embodiment, the larger the pre-set axial stress, the smoother the crack surface, and the smaller the pre-set axial stress, the rougher the crack surface.
Referring to fig. 7, step S140 includes step S142, step S144 and step S146.
In step S142, the crack surface is scanned.
In this embodiment, the crack surface is three-dimensionally scanned to obtain point cloud data of the crack surface.
In this embodiment, geogenic software is used to process point cloud data.
And S144, establishing a three-dimensional fracture appearance according to the fracture surface.
In this embodiment, the point cloud data of the fracture surface is processed, and the three-dimensional fracture morphology is obtained by performing three-dimensional modeling on the fracture surface through the point cloud data.
In this embodiment, Matlab software is used to perform point cloud data processing and perform three-dimensional modeling on the fracture surface to obtain a three-dimensional fracture morphology.
And S146, analyzing the three-dimensional fracture morphology to obtain roughness.
And analyzing the three-dimensional fracture morphology to obtain data such as the surface area, the roughness and the like of the fracture surface.
Referring to fig. 3, in step S150, a water sealing gasket is installed at one end of the fractured sample near the water injection hole.
In this embodiment, the water seal gasket is sealed with a rubber seal ring. Can prevent that water from flowing out from the gasket bottom when filling water in the water injection hole.
Referring to fig. 2, in step S200, the water flow into the water injection hole of the pre-prepared fracture sample is controlled to be a preset flow.
In this embodiment, the water flow is introduced to the fracture surface through the water injection hole, thereby facilitating the seepage test.
In the present embodiment, the water pump assembly 110 is now filled with distilled water, and the water pump assembly 110 is filled with distilled water and then seeps into the water injection hole through a water flow with a preset flow rate.
In this example, the water injection hole is located at the center of the crack sample, and during the test, the water flow rate flows to the crack surface through the water injection hole and flows out from the end of the crack surface.
And step S300, detecting the water head difference at the crack of the crack sample.
Referring to fig. 8, step S300 includes step S310 and step S320.
And S310, detecting the infiltration water pressure at the fracture of the fracture sample.
In this embodiment, the infiltration water pressure at the fracture is detected at a preset flow rate of water flow.
In this embodiment, the pressure sensor 150 detects the pressure of the osmotic water and transmits it to the control system 120.
Step S320, calculating a water head difference according to the infiltration water pressure.
The head difference is calculated according to the following formula:
ΔH＝P-P0
wherein, Delta H is water head difference, P is infiltration water pressure, P is0Is at atmospheric pressure.
In the present embodiment, the control system 120 calculates a head difference.
Referring to fig. 2, in step S400, the crack width of the crack sample after the predetermined normal stress is applied is detected.
In this example, the crack width is the width between two crack surfaces after the crack specimen is sheared.
Referring to fig. 9, step S400 includes step S410, step S420 and step S430.
Step S410, detecting the full height before applying the preset normal stress.
In this embodiment, the full height of the fractured sample before normal stress is applied to both ends of the fractured sample is detected.
Step S420, detecting the total height after applying the preset normal stress.
In this example, normal stress was applied to both ends of the fractured sample until the height of the fractured sample did not change significantly, and then the total height of the fractured sample was measured.
In this embodiment, the clamping assembly 130 applies normal stress to both ends of the fractured sample, and the displacement sensor 140 detects the full height and the total height and transmits them to the control system 120.
Step S430, calculating the fracture width according to the complete height and the overall height.
The fracture width was calculated according to the following formula:
b＝h-h0
wherein b is the fracture width, h is the full height, h0Is the overall height.
In the present embodiment, the control system 120 calculates the fracture width based on the full height and the overall height.
Referring to fig. 2, in step S500, the relationship among the preset flow rate, the water head difference and the fracture width is analyzed.
The relationship between the preset flow rate, the head difference and the fracture width is as follows:
wherein Q is a preset flow, v is a water flow motion viscosity coefficient, and JRC is the roughness of a crack surface of the crack sample.
In this embodiment, the control system 120 analyzes the correlation between the preset flow rate, the head difference, and the fracture width.
In this embodiment, taking a marble fracture sample as an example, the relationship between the water flow rate and the water head pressure is roughly divided into three stages:
the relationship between the flow and the head pressure is divided into three stages:
in the first linear seepage stage, when the flow rate is 1 ml/min-10 ml/min, the head pressure linearly increases along with the increase of the flow rate.
And in the second seepage transition stage, when the flow is 10 ml/min-20 ml/min, the trend of the head pressure along with the increase of the flow is obviously slower than that in the linear seepage stage.
And in the third stage of residual seepage, when the flow rate is between 20ml/min and 25ml/min, the water head pressure does not show the increasing trend along with the increase of the flow rate, and the water head pressure is maintained at a stable value.
The operating principle of the seepage test method provided by the embodiment is as follows: in this example, a fracture sample was prepared, and the prepared fracture sample had a cylindrical shape with a water injection hole. And introducing water flow with preset flow into the water injection hole, detecting the infiltration water pressure, calculating the water level difference of the fracture sample, and calculating the fracture width of the fracture sample, so as to analyze the relation among the preset flow, the water level difference and the fracture width.
In summary, in the seepage test method provided in this embodiment, after the fracture sample is fixed, the water flow rate of the preset flow rate is passed through the water injection hole, so as to detect the water level difference and the fracture width of the fracture sample, the operation is simple, and the cost of the seepage test is reduced.
Example two
This example provides a crevice sample that is made using the process S100 provided in the first example.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A fracture sample preparation method, comprising:
detecting the uniaxial compressive strength of the prepared solid cylindrical sample;
drilling a water injection hole with a preset depth at the center of the solid cylindrical sample to obtain a drilled sample;
shearing the prepared drilling sample according to the uniaxial compressive strength to prepare a fracture sample;
the step of shearing the prepared drilling sample according to the uniaxial compressive strength to obtain a fracture sample comprises the following steps:
applying axial preset axial stress to the drilling sample, wherein the preset axial stress is smaller than the uniaxial compressive strength;
and applying tangential shearing force to the drilling sample until the drilling sample is sheared off to prepare the fracture sample.
2. The method for preparing a fractured sample according to claim 1, wherein the step of detecting the uniaxial compressive strength of the prepared solid cylinder sample comprises the steps of:
preparing the solid cylinder test sample by using a rock sample;
detecting the uniaxial compressive strength of the solid cylinder sample.
3. The method for preparing a fractured sample according to claim 2, wherein the step of detecting the uniaxial compressive strength of the solid cylinder sample comprises:
continuously loading normal force to the solid cylindrical sample in the axial direction;
and detecting the peak normal force when the solid cylindrical sample is damaged, wherein the peak normal force is the uniaxial compressive strength.
4. The fracture sample preparation method of claim 1, further comprising: and a water sealing gasket is arranged at one end of the crack sample close to the water injection hole.
5. The fracture sample preparation method of claim 1, further comprising: and calculating the roughness of the crack surface of the crack sample according to the crack sample.
6. The method of preparing a fracture specimen according to claim 5, wherein the step of calculating the roughness of the fracture surface of the fracture specimen from the fracture specimen comprises:
scanning the fracture surface;
establishing a three-dimensional fracture appearance according to the fracture surface;
and analyzing the three-dimensional fracture morphology to obtain the roughness.
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| CN109459290B (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2021-01-26 | 重庆交通大学 | NSCB sample preparation device for testing I-type fracture toughness of compacted clay and using method thereof |
| CN110415167B (en) * | 2019-08-02 | 2020-03-06 | 山东科技大学 | Rough surface crack generation method and test system based on digital image technology |
| CN111829937B (en) * | 2020-08-24 | 2021-06-08 | 东北石油大学 | Quantitative evaluation method and system for surface roughness of organic kerogen pores in shale |
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| CN102435475A (en) * | 2011-08-29 | 2012-05-02 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Preparation device of indoor single-cracked rock specimen |
| CN105675365A (en) * | 2016-01-18 | 2016-06-15 | 河海大学 | Method for preparing fractured rock mass samples with filler |
| CN106840829A (en) * | 2017-01-24 | 2017-06-13 | 河海大学 | A kind of preparation method of the densification without filled opening rock mass sample |
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| CN102445362B (en) * | 2011-09-28 | 2013-07-24 | 中国水电顾问集团华东勘测设计研究院 | Method for sampling jointed rock mass |
| CN202735333U (en) * | 2012-04-10 | 2013-02-13 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Fractured rock mass seepage and stress and deformation coupling in-situ test device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102435475A (en) * | 2011-08-29 | 2012-05-02 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Preparation device of indoor single-cracked rock specimen |
| CN105675365A (en) * | 2016-01-18 | 2016-06-15 | 河海大学 | Method for preparing fractured rock mass samples with filler |
| CN106840829A (en) * | 2017-01-24 | 2017-06-13 | 河海大学 | A kind of preparation method of the densification without filled opening rock mass sample |
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