CN108518548B - Resistance-reducing pipeline for realizing fluid resistance reduction based on electrolytic micro-bubbles - Google Patents
Resistance-reducing pipeline for realizing fluid resistance reduction based on electrolytic micro-bubbles Download PDFInfo
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- CN108518548B CN108518548B CN201810412446.3A CN201810412446A CN108518548B CN 108518548 B CN108518548 B CN 108518548B CN 201810412446 A CN201810412446 A CN 201810412446A CN 108518548 B CN108518548 B CN 108518548B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L55/00—Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems
- F16L55/04—Devices damping pulsations or vibrations in fluids
- F16L55/045—Devices damping pulsations or vibrations in fluids specially adapted to prevent or minimise the effects of water hammer
- F16L55/05—Buffers therefor
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of flow drag reduction of fluid pipeline transmission, in particular to a drag reduction pipeline for realizing fluid drag reduction based on electrolytic microbubbles, which comprises the following components: an inner barrel; each electrode is embedded in the corresponding clamping groove; the resistance reducing pipeline can enable micro bubbles generated by electrolysis to be concentrated at the edge of a fluid, so that the intensity and the frequency of a liquid turbulence burst event at the position close to the wall surface of the pipeline are greatly inhibited, the turbulence Reynolds stress of the conveyed liquid is reduced, the turbulence friction resistance of the liquid is reduced, and a better resistance reducing effect is realized; the whole resistance reducing pipeline is simple in structure and easy to implement, and is convenient and quick to replace when the electrode is aged or damaged, so that the resistance reducing pipeline can be conveniently applied to the existing fluid conveying pipeline at extremely low cost, and the application in the field of actual engineering is facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of flow drag reduction of fluid pipeline conveying, in particular to a drag reduction pipeline for realizing fluid drag reduction based on electrolytic microbubbles.
Background
Energy conservation and emission reduction are one of the main problems which are currently concerned by countries in the world, and the method for reducing the friction resistance in the process of conveying the fluid and improving the conveying speed of the fluid is an important subject in the technical field of energy conservation and emission reduction. In the technical fields of fluid pipeline conveying, drag reduction and acceleration, the micro-bubble drag reduction technology has the advantages of high drag reduction rate (up to 80%) and no secondary pollution, and is favored by academic and engineering circles. Although the microbubble turbulence drag reduction technology has the advantages of high drag reduction rate, no secondary pollution and the like, the microbubble is difficult to prepare, and the prepared microbubble can additionally consume certain energy and reduce the energy-saving effect, so that the application of the microbubble drag reduction technology in the actual engineering field is limited. Therefore, on the basis of not additionally bringing about the existing energy consumption, how to effectively introduce the micro-bubble drag reduction technology into the pipeline transmission of engineering practice fluid to reduce the frictional resistance of the pipeline transmission of the fluid is a problem to be solved urgently;
as is well known, the wall thickness of a pipeline is generally thin, and a groove-shaped structure for installing an electrolytic ring cannot be formed on the inner wall of the pipeline, so that the electrolytic ring is directly fixed inside the pipeline by adopting an internal external connecting structure of the pipeline in the prior art, the external diameter of the electrolytic ring is inevitably smaller than the internal diameter of the pipeline, and the structure has more defects and is mainly embodied in the following points: firstly, the assembly and disassembly of the electrolytic ring are complicated, the replacement of the electrolytic ring is not facilitated, and the practical application is difficult; secondly, the structure is complex, the implementation is difficult, and the cost is high; third, because the outer diameter of the electrolytic ring is less than the inner diameter of the pipeline, it is obvious that the electrolytic ring itself will also form a certain resistance to the fluid, and at the same time, the amount of the micro bubbles generated by the electrolysis of the electrolytic ring reaching the pipeline wall is not high, and most of the micro bubbles will be in the middle of the pipeline, thus resulting in an unsatisfactory drag reduction effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: in order to solve the problems of complicated assembly and disassembly of an electrolytic ring, complex overall structure, difficult implementation, high cost and unsatisfactory resistance reduction effect of the resistance reduction pipeline in the prior art, the resistance reduction pipeline for realizing fluid resistance reduction based on electrolytic micro-bubbles is provided, the micro-bubbles generated by electrolysis can be concentrated on the wall surface of the pipeline, the resistance reduction pipeline has a large inhibition effect on the strength and frequency of a liquid turbulence burst event at the position close to the wall surface of the pipeline, the reynolds stress of the turbulence of the liquid to be conveyed is reduced, and the turbulence friction resistance of the liquid is reduced, so that the resistance reduction is realized; meanwhile, the resistance-reducing pipeline is simple in structure, easy to implement and convenient to replace electrodes.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a drag reduction conduit for effecting fluid drag reduction based on electrolytic microbubbles, the drag reduction conduit comprising:
the inner cylinder is of a split structure;
the electrode assembly comprises at least one group, each group of electrode assembly comprises two electrodes, the polarities of the two electrodes in the same electrode assembly are respectively an anode and a cathode, the inner wall of the inner barrel is provided with clamping grooves for mounting the electrodes, the clamping grooves in the inner barrel correspond to the electrodes one by one, and each electrode is embedded in the corresponding clamping groove;
and two reducing outer tubes, the reducing outer tube all includes mutual fixed connection's mainstream section and electrolysis section, the internal diameter of electrolysis section is greater than the internal diameter of mainstream section, two splice the intercommunication each other between the electrolysis section of reducing outer tube and form the installation department that is used for holding the inner tube, the inner tube is fixed a position in the installation department.
Inlay the electrode in the inner tube in the cooperation of ingenious adoption reducing outer tube in this scheme, because the electrode is inlayed on the inner wall of inner tube, consequently can realize that the electrode is close to the inner wall of inner tube as far as, so the advantage of implementing lies in: a large amount of micro-bubbles generated by electrolysis of the electrode assembly are concentrated at the inner wall accessory of the main flow section, so that the micro-bubbles are densely distributed at the edge of the fluid, the intensity and the frequency of a liquid turbulence burst event at the position close to the wall surface of the pipeline are greatly inhibited by the micro-bubbles densely distributed at the edge of the fluid, and the resistance reduction effect is more obvious;
in addition, the diameter of the electrolysis section of the adopted reducing outer pipe is larger than that of the main flow section, so that the cross section of fluid flowing into the main flow section when the fluid passes through the inner cylinder can be greatly reduced due to the installation of the inner cylinder, and the resistance of the inner cylinder and the electrode to the fluid can be further reduced or avoided;
the electrode is matched with a clamping groove of the inner cylinder, the inner cylinder is of a split structure, and the two reducing outer pipes are spliced to form an installation part for installing the inner cylinder.
Furthermore, the size and the shape of the inner contour line of the cross section of the electrode, the inner contour line of the cross section of the inner cylinder and the inner contour line of the cross section of the main flow section on the reducing outer pipe are all consistent.
Further, the electrode is annular, and the inner contour line of the cross section of the electrode is circular.
Further, the inner cylinder is formed by splicing an upper half part and a lower half part, and a sealing gasket is arranged between the upper half part and the lower half part.
In order to facilitate the butt joint of pipelines and improve the sealing property, flanges are arranged on the main flow section and the electrolysis section of the reducing outer pipes, and a gasket is arranged between the flanges on the electrolysis sections of the two reducing outer pipes.
Further, a gasket is arranged between the end face of the inner cylinder and the end face of the mounting part.
Furthermore, all the electrodes with the anode polarity are connected with the anode of the power supply through the anode lead, and all the electrodes with the cathode polarity are connected with the cathode of the power supply through the cathode lead.
Furthermore, an anode conducting path and a cathode conducting path are arranged in the inner cylinder, the anode conducting path is electrically connected with the electrodes with all polarities being anodes, and the cathode conducting path is electrically connected with the electrodes with all polarities being cathodes.
Furthermore, the positive lead penetrates through the outer wall of the electrolysis section to be in threaded connection with the inner cylinder and is in contact with the anode conducting path, the negative lead penetrates through the outer wall of the electrolysis section to be in threaded connection with the inner cylinder and is in contact with the cathode conducting path, threaded pipes are sleeved on the positive lead and the negative lead and are fixed on the electrolysis section, a filler for sealing is filled in the threaded pipes, and a plug is connected to one end, far away from the electrolysis section, of each threaded pipe in a threaded manner and abuts against the filler.
In order to avoid extra energy consumption brought by preparing the micro bubbles, further, the power supply adopts a solar cell, the solar cell is used as the power supply for electrolyzing the micro bubbles, the existing electric energy is not required to be additionally consumed, the energy is saved, the environment is protected, the cyclic utilization can be realized, and the use is more convenient without searching for an extra external power supply.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the resistance-reducing pipeline for realizing fluid resistance reduction based on the electrolytic microbubbles can enable the microbubbles generated by electrolysis to be concentrated at the edge of a fluid, thereby playing a role in greatly inhibiting the strength and frequency of a liquid turbulence burst event at the position close to the wall surface of the pipeline, reducing the reynolds stress of the turbulence of the liquid to be conveyed, reducing the turbulence friction resistance of the liquid and further realizing better resistance-reducing effect; the whole resistance reducing pipeline is simple in structure and easy to implement, and is convenient and quick to replace when the electrode is aged or damaged, so that the resistance reducing pipeline can be conveniently applied to the existing fluid conveying pipeline at extremely low cost, and the application in the field of actual engineering is facilitated.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a drag reduction conduit for fluid drag reduction based on electrolytic microbubbles according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the splicing of two reducing outer tubes in a drag reduction pipeline for fluid drag reduction based on electrolytic microbubbles according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional schematic view of an inner barrel of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the inner barrel of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the drag reduction conduit at the threaded pipe for fluid drag reduction based on electrolytic microbubbles according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the solar cell comprises an inner cylinder, 1-1 parts, an upper half part, 1-2 parts, a lower half part, 101 parts, a clamping groove, 2 parts, an electrode, 3 parts, a reducing outer pipe, 3-1 parts, a main flow section, 3-2 parts, an electrolysis section, 4 parts, an installation part, 5 parts, a sealing gasket, 6 parts, a flange, 7 parts, a gasket, 8 parts, a gasket, 9 parts, a positive electrode lead, 10 parts, a negative electrode lead, 11 parts, an anode conductive path, 12 parts, a cathode conductive path, 13 parts, a threaded pipe, 14 parts, a filler, 15 parts, a plug, 16 parts.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings are simplified schematic diagrams illustrating the basic structure of the present invention only in a schematic manner, and thus show only the constitution related to the present invention, and directions and references (e.g., upper, lower, left, right, etc.) may be used only to help the description of the features in the drawings. The following detailed description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the claimed subject matter is defined only by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-5, a drag reduction conduit for achieving fluid drag reduction based on electrolytic microbubbles, the drag reduction conduit comprising:
the inner cylinder 1 is of a split structure;
the electrode assemblies are at least one group, each group of electrode assemblies comprises two electrodes 2, the polarities of the two electrodes 2 in the same electrode assembly are respectively an anode and a cathode, the inner wall of the inner barrel 1 is provided with clamping grooves 101 for installing the electrodes 2, the clamping grooves 101 in the inner barrel 1 correspond to the electrodes 2 one by one, and each electrode 2 is embedded in the corresponding clamping groove 101;
and the two reducing outer pipes 3, the reducing outer pipes 3 respectively comprise a main flow section 3-1 and an electrolysis section 3-2 which are fixedly connected with each other, the inner diameter of the electrolysis section 3-2 is larger than that of the main flow section 3-1, the electrolysis sections 3-2 of the two reducing outer pipes 3 are spliced and communicated with each other to form an installation part 4 for accommodating the inner cylinder 1, and the inner cylinder 1 is positioned in the installation part 4.
In the embodiment, the inner contour line of the cross section of the electrode 2, the inner contour line of the cross section of the inner cylinder 1 and the inner contour line of the cross section of the main flow section 3-1 on the reducing outer pipe 3 can be in various shapes, such as a circle, an ellipse, a square and the like, in order to keep the flowing section of the fluid unchanged all the time when the fluid passes through the resistance-reducing pipeline, the size and the shape of the inner contour line of the cross section of the electrode 2, the inner contour line of the cross section of the inner cylinder 1 and the inner contour line of the cross section of the main flow section 3-1 on the reducing outer pipe 3 can be made to be consistent, and the resistance caused by the fact that the.
Because the inner contour line of the current fluid conveying pipeline is mostly circular, in order to match the fluid conveying pipeline with the circular inner contour line commonly used in the current market, the electrode 2 adopted in the embodiment is annular, and the corresponding inner contour line of the cross section of the electrode 2 is circular; of course, the electrode 2 with the inner contour of other shapes can be adopted, and the inner contour can be determined according to the fluid conveying pipeline, and finally, the inner contour of the cross section of the fluid conveying pipeline is consistent with the inner contour of the electrode 2.
The electrodes 2 may be made of copper, platinum or conductive stainless steel, and the number of electrode assemblies is specifically selected according to the flow rate of the fluid to be delivered.
A gasket 8 is arranged between the end face of the inner cylinder 1 and the end face of the mounting part 4, and the gasket 8 mainly aims at improving the sealing property and adjusting the axial assembly size of the inner cylinder 1 in the mounting part 4; wherein, the electrolysis section 3-2 and the main flow section 3-1 of the reducing outer tube 3 are both vertical to the end surface of the mounting part 4, namely, the electrolysis section 3-2 and the main flow section 3-1 of the reducing outer tube 3 are directly transited in a right angle mode, thereby being convenient for mounting and fixing the inner tube 1.
All the electrodes 2 with the polarities of the anodes are connected with the positive electrode of the power supply through the positive electrode lead 9, all the electrodes 2 with the polarities of the cathodes are connected with the negative electrode of the power supply through the negative electrode lead 10, the power supply in the embodiment adopts the solar cell 16, the solar cell 16 is used as the power supply for electrolyzing the micro bubbles, the existing electric energy is not required to be additionally consumed, the energy is saved, the environment is protected, the cyclic utilization can be realized, and the use is also more convenient without searching for an additional external power supply.
The inner cylinder 1 is formed by splicing an upper half part 1-1 and a lower half part 1-2, a sealing gasket 5 is arranged between the upper half part 1-1 and the lower half part 1-2, the sealing gasket 5 is used for sealing between the upper half part 1-1 and the lower half part 1-2 of the inner cylinder 1 to prevent leakage, an anode conducting path 11 and a cathode conducting path 12 are arranged in the inner cylinder 1, the anode conducting path 11 is communicated with electrodes 2 with all polarities being anodes, and the cathode conducting path 12 is communicated with the electrodes 2 with all polarities being cathodes, wherein the inner cylinder 1 is made of non-conductive, corrosion-resistant and pollution-free materials, such as organic glass plates, PPR, ceramic materials and the like, and the inner cylinder 1 can be integrally formed with a metal lead, so that the anode conducting path 11 and.
The anode lead 9 passes through the outer wall of the electrolysis section 3-2 and is connected with the inner cylinder 1 by screw thread and is contacted with the anode conducting path 11, the cathode lead 10 passes through the outer wall of the electrolysis section 3-2 and is connected with the inner cylinder 1 by screw thread, the cathode conducting path 12 is contacted, the positive electrode lead 9 and the negative electrode lead 10 are both sleeved with threaded pipes 13, the threaded pipes 13 are both fixed on the electrolysis section 3-2, the threaded pipes 13 are filled with a filler 14 for sealing, one ends of the threaded pipes 13, which are far away from the electrolysis section 3-2, are in threaded connection with plugs 15, the plugs 15 are abutted against the filler 14, the arrangement of the threaded pipes 13 and the filler 14 mainly takes the problem of tightness of the lead connection part into consideration, specifically, the positive electrode lead 9 and the negative electrode lead 10 need to have good electric conductivity and also have enough rigidity, and one ends of the positive electrode lead 9 and the negative electrode lead 10 are provided with threads so as to be connected with the inner cylinder 1 in a threaded connection manner;
wherein, the threaded pipe 13 can be fixed on the outer wall of the electrolysis section 3-2 by adopting threads, or can be fixed on the outer wall of the electrolysis section 3-2 by adopting welding, when the threaded pipe is fixed by adopting welding, a small hole can be opened on the outer wall of the electrolysis section 3-2 at the position for installing the threaded pipe 13, so that the threaded pipe 13 can be fixed on the electrolysis section 3-2 by welding; the positive lead 9 and the negative lead 10 correspondingly penetrate through the plug 15, and the filler 14 is made of a material with good elasticity so as to deform under pressure to play a sealing role, such as felt, rubber, soft cloth and the like.
In the assembly of this embodiment, the electrode assembly is first placed between the upper half 1-1 and the lower half 1-2 of the inner can 1, then the gasket 5 is placed between the upper half 1-1 and the lower half 1-2 of the inner can 1, and the inner can 1 is closed;
then, a gasket 8 is arranged in an electrolysis section 3-2 of the reducing outer pipe 3, one end of an inner cylinder 1 provided with an electrode 2 is pushed into the electrolysis section 3-2 of one reducing outer pipe 3, a gasket 7 is arranged at a flange 6 of the electrolysis section 3-2 on the reducing outer pipe 3, the other end of the inner cylinder 1 is inserted into the electrolysis section 3-2 of the other reducing outer pipe 3 provided with the gasket 8, the inner cylinder 1 is positioned in an installation part 4 formed between the two reducing outer pipes 3, then the flanges 6 of the electrolysis sections 3-2 on the two reducing outer pipes 3 are fixed through a bolt assembly, and two ends of the gasket 8 are respectively in close contact with the end surface of the installation part 4 and the end surface of the inner cylinder 1 so as to prevent the conveying fluid from leaking outwards;
then, the positive lead 9 and the negative lead 10 respectively penetrate through the two threaded pipes 13 to be in threaded connection with the inner cylinder 1 and correspondingly in threaded connection with the anode conducting path 11 and the cathode conducting path 12 on the inner cylinder 1, then the filler 14 is filled into the threaded pipes 13, the plug 15 is screwed on the threaded pipes 13, and the filler 14 is compressed to prevent the conveyed fluid from leaking outwards; finally, the positive electrode lead 9 and the negative electrode lead 10 are respectively communicated with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the solar cell 16; when the device is used, the flange 6 on the main flow section 3-1 is communicated with a fluid conveying pipeline, so that micro bubbles can be generated through electrolysis after the device is electrified to perform drag reduction.
In light of the foregoing description of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is to be understood that numerous changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the content of the specification, and must be determined according to the scope of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. A drag reduction pipeline for realizing fluid drag reduction based on electrolytic microbubbles is characterized in that: this drag reduction pipeline includes:
the inner cylinder (1) is of a split structure;
the electrode assembly comprises at least one group, each group of electrode assembly comprises two electrodes (2), the polarities of the two electrodes (2) in the same electrode assembly are respectively an anode and a cathode, the inner wall of the inner barrel (1) is provided with clamping grooves (101) for mounting the electrodes (2), the clamping grooves (101) in the inner barrel (1) correspond to the electrodes (2) one by one, and each electrode (2) is embedded in the corresponding clamping groove (101);
the inner cylinder comprises a main flow section (3-1) and an electrolysis section (3-2), wherein the main flow section (3-1) and the electrolysis section (3-2) are fixedly connected with each other, the inner diameter of the electrolysis section (3-2) is larger than that of the main flow section (3-1), the electrolysis sections (3-2) of the two reducing outer pipes (3) are spliced and communicated with each other to form an installation part (4) used for accommodating the inner cylinder (1), and the inner cylinder (1) is positioned in the installation part (4);
the size and the shape of the inner contour line of the cross section of the electrode (2), the inner contour line of the cross section of the inner cylinder (1) and the inner contour line of the cross section of the main flow section (3-1) on the reducing outer pipe (3) are all the same.
2. The drag reduction conduit for achieving fluid drag reduction based on electrolytic microbubbles of claim 1, wherein: the electrode (2) is annular, and the inner contour line of the cross section of the electrode (2) is circular.
3. The drag reduction conduit for achieving fluid drag reduction based on electrolytic microbubbles of claim 1, wherein: the inner cylinder (1) is formed by splicing an upper half part (1-1) and a lower half part (1-2), and a sealing gasket (5) is arranged between the upper half part (1-1) and the lower half part (1-2).
4. The drag reduction conduit for achieving fluid drag reduction based on electrolytic microbubbles of claim 1, wherein: flanges (6) are arranged on the main flow section (3-1) and the electrolysis section (3-2) of the reducing outer pipe (3), and a gasket (7) is arranged between the flanges (6) on the electrolysis sections (3-2) of the two reducing outer pipes (3).
5. The drag reduction conduit for achieving fluid drag reduction based on electrolytic microbubbles of claim 1, wherein: and a gasket (8) is arranged between the end face of the inner cylinder (1) and the end face of the mounting part (4).
6. The drag reduction conduit for achieving fluid drag reduction based on electrolytic microbubbles of claim 1, wherein: all the electrodes (2) with the anode polarity are connected with the anode of the power supply through anode leads (9), and all the electrodes (2) with the cathode polarity are connected with the cathode of the power supply through cathode leads (10).
7. The drag reduction conduit for achieving fluid drag reduction based on electrolytic micro-bubbles of claim 6, wherein: an anode conducting path (11) and a cathode conducting path (12) are arranged in the inner cylinder (1), the anode conducting path (11) is electrically connected with the electrode (2) with all the polarities being anodes, and the cathode conducting path (12) is electrically connected with the electrode (2) with all the polarities being cathodes.
8. The drag reduction conduit for achieving fluid drag reduction based on electrolytic micro-bubbles of claim 7, wherein: the anode lead (9) penetrates through the outer wall of the electrolysis section (3-2) to be in threaded connection with the inner cylinder (1) and is in contact with the anode conducting path (11), the cathode lead (10) penetrates through the outer wall of the electrolysis section (3-2) to be in threaded connection with the inner cylinder (1) and is in contact with the cathode conducting path (12), threaded pipes (13) are sleeved on the anode lead (9) and the cathode lead (10), the threaded pipes (13) are fixed on the electrolysis section (3-2), a filler (14) for sealing is filled in the threaded pipes (13), a plug (15) is in threaded connection with one end, far away from the electrolysis section (3-2), of each threaded pipe (13), and the plug (15) abuts against the filler (14).
9. The drag reduction conduit for achieving fluid drag reduction based on electrolytic micro-bubbles of claim 6, wherein: the power supply adopts a solar cell (16).
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| EP0659641B1 (en) * | 1993-12-15 | 1999-03-10 | Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | A fluxional force-generated sound reducing device |
| FR2755745B1 (en) * | 1996-11-13 | 1998-12-11 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | METHOD FOR TRANSPORTING A FLUID IN A PIPE COMPRISING A POROUS STRUCTURE |
| CN101721914A (en) * | 2009-12-21 | 2010-06-09 | 同济大学 | Hollow-fiber membrane module of additional electric field |
| CN103837584B (en) * | 2014-03-14 | 2016-01-06 | 中国石油大学(华东) | The real-time monitoring device of anticorrosive coating film failure regularity and method in pipeline with pressure |
| CN104179757B (en) * | 2014-07-17 | 2016-09-14 | 常州大学 | A kind of Friction Reduction by Micro-bubbles pipeline |
| CN107605875B (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2019-07-26 | 常州大学 | A kind of velocity increased by resistance reduction pipeline with micropore inwall |
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