CN108518436B - Main and auxiliary spring assembly of uniform-section blade - Google Patents

Main and auxiliary spring assembly of uniform-section blade Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108518436B
CN108518436B CN201810401156.9A CN201810401156A CN108518436B CN 108518436 B CN108518436 B CN 108518436B CN 201810401156 A CN201810401156 A CN 201810401156A CN 108518436 B CN108518436 B CN 108518436B
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frp
blade
section
plate
main
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CN108518436A (en
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刘守银
郭雷
周小康
范平丽
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Anhui Jianghuai Automobile Group Corp
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Anhui Jianghuai Automobile Group Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F3/00—Spring units consisting of several springs, e.g. for obtaining a desired spring characteristic
    • F16F3/08—Spring units consisting of several springs, e.g. for obtaining a desired spring characteristic with springs made of a material having high internal friction, e.g. rubber
    • F16F3/087—Units comprising several springs made of plastics or the like material
    • F16F3/0873—Units comprising several springs made of plastics or the like material of the same material or the material not being specified
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G11/00—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs
    • B60G11/02—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs having leaf springs only
    • B60G11/04—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs having leaf springs only arranged substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G11/00—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs
    • B60G11/02—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs having leaf springs only
    • B60G11/10—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs having leaf springs only characterised by means specially adapted for attaching the spring to axle or sprung part of the vehicle
    • B60G11/113—Mountings on the axle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F1/00—Springs
    • F16F1/36—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers
    • F16F1/366—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers made of fibre-reinforced plastics, i.e. characterised by their special construction from such materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F1/00—Springs
    • F16F1/36—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers
    • F16F1/366—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers made of fibre-reinforced plastics, i.e. characterised by their special construction from such materials
    • F16F1/368—Leaf springs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F1/00—Springs
    • F16F1/36—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers
    • F16F1/366—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers made of fibre-reinforced plastics, i.e. characterised by their special construction from such materials
    • F16F1/368—Leaf springs
    • F16F1/3683—Attachments or mountings therefor
    • F16F1/3686—End mountings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F1/00—Springs
    • F16F1/36—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers
    • F16F1/371—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers characterised by inserts or auxiliary extension or exterior elements, e.g. for rigidification
    • F16F1/3713—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers characterised by inserts or auxiliary extension or exterior elements, e.g. for rigidification with external elements passively influencing spring stiffness, e.g. rings or hoops
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F1/00—Springs
    • F16F1/36—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers
    • F16F1/373—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers characterised by having a particular shape
    • F16F1/3737—Planar, e.g. in sheet form
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2202/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of spring, damper or actuator
    • B60G2202/10—Type of spring
    • B60G2202/11—Leaf spring
    • B60G2202/112—Leaf spring longitudinally arranged
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2206/00—Indexing codes related to the manufacturing of suspensions: constructional features, the materials used, procedures or tools
    • B60G2206/01—Constructional features of suspension elements, e.g. arms, dampers, springs
    • B60G2206/40—Constructional features of dampers and/or springs
    • B60G2206/42—Springs
    • B60G2206/428—Leaf springs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2224/00—Materials; Material properties
    • F16F2224/02—Materials; Material properties solids
    • F16F2224/0241—Fibre-reinforced plastics [FRP]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2228/00—Functional characteristics, e.g. variability, frequency-dependence
    • F16F2228/06—Stiffness
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2230/00—Purpose; Design features
    • F16F2230/0029—Location, co-location
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2230/00—Purpose; Design features
    • F16F2230/02—Surface features, e.g. notches or protuberances
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2238/00—Type of springs or dampers
    • F16F2238/02—Springs
    • F16F2238/022—Springs leaf-like, e.g. of thin, planar-like metal

Abstract

The invention relates to a uniform-section blade main and auxiliary spring assembly which comprises an FRP (fiber reinforced plastic) main spring blade, a rolling lug, a front bushing, an upper cover plate, a lower base plate, a rear bushing, a soft cushion plate and an FRP auxiliary spring blade, wherein the rolling lug is arranged on the front bushing; two ends of the FRP main spring blade are respectively fixed with a rolling lug; the front bushing and the rear bushing are respectively arranged in the eye loops; the FRP auxiliary spring blade is arranged on the FRP main spring blade and is fixedly connected with the FRP main spring blade through an upper cover plate and a lower backing plate; soft backing plates are arranged between the upper cover plate and the FRP auxiliary spring main body, between the FRP auxiliary spring blades and the FRP main spring blades and between the FRP main spring blades and the lower backing plate. The FRP composite plate spring cannot be completely broken at once, so that the driving safety of the vehicle is ensured; the weight of the plate spring suspension is greatly reduced, and the fuel efficiency is improved; the smoothness of the running of the vehicle is improved; the service life of the longitudinally-arranged plate spring suspension is prolonged.

Description

Main and auxiliary spring assembly of uniform-section blade
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of automobile leaf springs, and particularly relates to a main and auxiliary spring assembly with uniform-section blades.
Background
The leaf spring can be arranged in the longitudinal direction or in the transverse direction on the vehicle. The latter has to be provided with additional guiding force-transmitting devices for transmitting longitudinal force, which makes the structure complicated and the mass enlarged, so the latter is only applied to a few light and miniature vehicles. The longitudinal steel plate spring can transmit various forces and moments, has a guiding function, and is simple in structure, so that the longitudinal steel plate spring is widely applied to automobiles.
The composite material is formed by combining more than two materials together and is combined through an effective interface between the materials, and the performance of the composite material is superior to that of the original material. Many kinds of composite materials are available, for example, reinforced concrete is also a composite material, concrete is a parent material, and reinforcing steel bars are reinforcing materials. However, the composite materials referred to in the modern industry are mainly glass fiber composite materials (GFRP) and carbon fiber composite materials (CFRP), the base materials are plastics (or resin), the reinforcing materials are glass fibers or carbon fibers, the reinforcing materials of the plate spring of the modern composite materials are mainly glass fibers and also carbon fibers, and the base materials are mostly epoxy resin.
As technology develops, composite leaf springs are increasingly being used for automotive suspension spring elements. At present, composite materials used by the automobile leaf spring are all FRP composite materials. FRP is short for fiber-Reinforced Plastic, and is interpreted as fiber-Reinforced Plastic. The FRP composite material has high specific strength and specific modulus, good fatigue resistance, damping vibration attenuation performance and corrosion resistance, therefore, the FRP composite material is used as a plate spring, the smoothness and comfort of a vehicle can be greatly improved, the mass is only about 1/4 times of that of a steel plate spring, the fuel efficiency is effectively improved, the unsprung mass is reduced, the unsprung vibration is reduced, the service life is about 3 times of that of the steel plate spring, an elastic element does not need to be replaced within the service life range of the whole vehicle, and the use and maintenance cost of the whole vehicle is relatively low.
The forming method of the FRP composite plate spring blade comprises the processes of a continuous fiber winding process, a die pressing process, a pultrusion process, a resin transfer molding process (RTM) and the like.
At present, many automobile manufacturers at home and abroad want to replace the existing longitudinal plate spring with the FRP composite material plate spring, but the two ends of the longitudinal plate spring are fixed on an automobile body through a lining, the middle part of the longitudinal plate spring is fixed on the automobile body through a U-shaped bolt, and the longitudinal plate spring must be connected and fixed through a metal piece.
FIG. 1 shows a prior art leaf spring, which includes a front bushing, a clip, a leaf spring, a center bolt, and a rear bushing; the upper and lower stress bench test of the existing plate spring is that the eye at the two ends of the plate spring is fixed on a trolley through a pin shaft, then a pressing tool is put on the plate spring, and a test force is applied on the pressing tool to carry out the rigidity detection and the durability test of the plate spring.
The steel plate spring in the prior art has the advantages of large mass, low fuel efficiency, short service life, poor smoothness, large unsprung mass and large unsprung vibration.
Fig. 2 is a schematic single-side view of a front suspension of a galloping spring, which adopts a horizontally-arranged FRP composite plate spring, and includes an end fixing block, an upper limiting block, a lower limiting block, a horizontally-arranged FRP composite plate spring, an auxiliary frame and a lower swing arm; see also patent application publication No. CN 104057795A. Except for two ends, the cross sections of the transverse FRP composite plate springs are equal, and the height and the width of the cross sections are also unchanged.
The middle part of the horizontal FRP composite plate spring 3 is fixed in an up-and-down limiting mode through an upper limiting block 2 and a lower limiting block 3 on an auxiliary frame 5, the end part of the horizontal FRP composite plate spring is fixed in a limiting mode through an end fixing block 1 on a lower swing arm 6, the end fixing block 1, the upper limiting block 2, the lower limiting block 3 and the horizontal FRP composite plate spring 4 are fixed in a limiting mode through rubber, and therefore the whole horizontal FRP composite plate spring 4 is fixed in a soft mode through 4 fixing points.
Because the arrangement uniformity of fibers in the FRP composite plate spring is uniform and continuous, the fibers of the FRP composite plate spring are not damaged, the service life of the FRP composite plate spring is fully ensured, and the reliability of the suspension is greatly improved.
However, the structure of the transverse FRP composite plate spring is complex, the cost is high, and the arrangement mode of the longitudinal plate spring with the guide function is difficult to adopt.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a main and auxiliary spring assembly with uniform-section blades, which solves the problems of large mass, low fuel efficiency and short service life of a plate spring in the prior art on the premise of ensuring the performance and reliability of a longitudinally-arranged plate spring.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a constant-section blade main and auxiliary spring assembly comprises an FRP main spring blade, a rolling lug, a front bushing, an upper cover plate, a lower base plate, a rear bushing, a soft cushion plate and an FRP auxiliary spring blade;
the two ends of the FRP main spring blade are respectively fixed with one rolling lug; the front bushing and the rear bushing are respectively arranged in the rolling lug;
the FRP auxiliary spring blade is arranged on the FRP main spring blade and is fixedly connected with the FRP main spring blade through the upper cover plate and the lower backing plate;
the soft backing plates are arranged between the upper cover plate and the FRP auxiliary spring main body, between the FRP auxiliary spring blades and the FRP main spring blades and between the FRP main spring blades and the lower backing plate.
The FRP main spring blade is of a plate-shaped structure, a central bolt hole is used for separation, and the front length and the rear length of the FRP main spring blade are different;
the FRP main spring blade comprises a U-shaped bolt installation section, an inner transition section, a performance section, an outer transition section and a lug installation section;
the two ends of the U-shaped bolt mounting section are respectively provided with one inner transition section, the other end of each inner transition section is respectively provided with the performance section, the other end of each performance section is respectively provided with the outer transition section, and the other end of each outer transition section is provided with a lug mounting section;
and each lug mounting section is provided with a bolt through hole.
The FRP main spring blade has the section width of b at the position of the distance from the end part x and the thickness of b
Figure BDA0001645740740000035
Bending moment M ═ Px, section modulus
Figure BDA0001645740740000034
The bending stress applied at x is obtained by formula (1),
Figure BDA0001645740740000031
maintaining the cross-sectional area S of each part of the FRP main spring blade constant, i.e.
Figure BDA0001645740740000033
Is a fixed value and can be obtained according to the formula (1),
Figure BDA0001645740740000032
the thickness and the width of the U-shaped bolt mounting section are respectively
Figure BDA0001645740740000038
And b1(ii) a The thickness and width of the performance section are respectively
Figure BDA0001645740740000036
And b2(ii) a The thickness and the width of the ear-rolling mounting section are respectively
Figure BDA0001645740740000039
And b3；
Figure BDA00016457407400000310
b1＜b3＜b2；
Figure BDA0001645740740000037
The ear curl comprises two straight plate sections and a circular ring section; two the straight plate section is parallel to each other and aligns all around, is in two be provided with four relative bolt via holes on the straight plate section respectively.
The upper cover plate comprises an upper cover plate blade and bending parts on two sides, the bending parts on the two sides are bilaterally symmetrical relative to the upper cover plate blade, a notch is respectively arranged on the lower parts of the two bending parts, and an upper positioning pin is arranged on the lower surface of the upper cover plate blade.
The lower backing plate comprises lower backing plate blades and bending parts on two sides, the bending parts on the two sides are bilaterally symmetrical relative to the lower backing plate blades, a convex plate is arranged on each bending part, and a lower positioning pin is arranged on the upper surface of each lower backing plate blade.
The FRP auxiliary spring blade comprises a U-shaped bolt installation section, and the length of the U-shaped bolt installation section is the same as that of the U-shaped bolt installation section of the FRP main spring blade.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the FRP composite plate spring cannot be completely broken at once, so that the driving safety of the vehicle is ensured; the weight of the plate spring suspension is greatly reduced, and the fuel efficiency is improved; the smoothness of the running of the vehicle is improved; the service life of the longitudinal plate spring suspension is prolonged, the service life of the longitudinal FRP composite material plate spring suspension is prolonged to about 3 times of that of a longitudinal steel plate spring, elastic elements such as the plate spring are not required to be replaced within the service life range of the whole vehicle, and the use cost of the plate spring is greatly reduced; the two stiffness sections meet different load requirements.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a prior art leaf spring;
FIG. 2 is a front suspension of a galloping spring;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the FRP main spring blade structure;
FIG. 4 is a front view of an FRP master spring blade;
FIG. 5 is a top view of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of an FRP composite leaf spring assembly;
FIG. 7 is a front view of the FRP main and auxiliary spring assembly;
FIG. 8 is a top view of FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 8;
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view B-B of FIG. 8;
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view C-C of FIG. 8;
FIG. 12 is an enlarged view at I of FIG. 9;
FIG. 13 is an enlarged view at II of FIG. 9;
FIG. 14A is a diagram illustrating a stress analysis of one end of the FRP main spring blade;
FIG. 14B is a force analysis diagram of the other end of the FRP main spring blade;
FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the flexibility and rigidity characteristics of the FRP main and auxiliary spring assembly.
Description of the reference numerals
01 front bushing, 02 clamp, 03 leaf spring, 04 center bolt, 05 rear bushing, 06 end fixing block, 07 upper limit block, 08 lower limit block, 09 horizontal FRP composite leaf spring, 010 sub-frame, 011 lower swing arm, 1FRP main spring blade, 11U type bolt installation section, 12 inner transition section, 13 performance section, 14 outer transition section, 15 eye installation section, 2 eye, 3 front bushing, 4 upper cover plate, 41 upper positioning pin, 42 notch, 5 lower backing plate, 51 lower positioning pin, 52 convex plate, 6 rear bushing, 7 soft backing plate, 8FRP auxiliary spring blade.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are described in detail below by examples, and the following examples are only exemplary and can be used only for explaining and explaining the technical solutions of the present invention, but not construed as limiting the technical solutions of the present invention.
The application provides a uniform cross-section blade main and auxiliary spring assembly, as shown in fig. 3 to 15, comprising an FRP main spring blade, a rolling lug, a front bushing, an upper cover plate, a lower base plate, a rear bushing, a soft base plate and an FRP auxiliary spring blade.
Two ends of the FRP main spring blade are respectively fixed with a rolling lug; the front lining and the rear lining are respectively arranged in the rolling ears.
The FRP auxiliary spring blade is arranged on the FRP main spring blade and is fixedly connected with the FRP main spring blade through an upper cover plate and a lower backing plate.
Soft backing plates are arranged between the upper cover plate and the FRP auxiliary spring main body, between the FRP auxiliary spring blades and the FRP main spring blades and between the FRP main spring blades and the lower backing plate.
The FRP main spring blade 1 is of a plate-shaped structure, a central bolt hole is used for separation, the length from the central bolt hole of the FRP main spring blade to the front end of the FRP main spring blade is different from the length from the central bolt hole to the rear end of the FRP main spring blade, and the FRP main spring blade respectively comprises a U-shaped bolt installation section 11, an inner transition section 12, a performance section 13, an outer transition section 14 and a lug installation section 15, wherein 4 bolt through holes are uniformly distributed in the lug installation section 15, and the bolt through holes are shown in figures 3 to 6.
According to the statement of the background art, the fiber uniformity and continuity in the FRP main spring blade must be ensured, the cross section of the FRP main spring blade must be constant, and if the constant cross section with constant width and thickness is adopted like the former FRP composite plate spring of the galloping spring, the formula (1) or the formula (2) in the working principle will result in that the stress of the longitudinal FRP main spring blade near the U-shaped bolt is too large.
In order to reduce the stress close to the U-shaped bolt, while keeping the section S unchanged, according to the formula (2) in the working principle, the arrangement and the trend of reinforcing material fibers (glass fibers or carbon fibers) are changed, the thickness of the FRP main spring blade close to the U-shaped bolt is increased, the stress close to the U-shaped bolt is reduced, and also, the stress ratio of the FRP main spring blade 1 at the joint with the lug 2 is larger, and the thickness of the lug installation section 15 is appropriately increased to reduce the stress at the joint.
When the FRP main spring blade 1 is designed, after the sectional area S of the blade is preliminarily determined, the thinnest position of the FRP main spring blade 1 is determined, and the thickness of the thinnest position under the action of the maximum force P possibly applied is calculated according to the allowable stress of the material and a formula (2)
Figure BDA0001645740740000063
The thickness of the U-bolt is then determined
Figure BDA0001645740740000061
And thickness of the joint with the tab
Figure BDA0001645740740000062
The FRP main spring blade 1 has the same cross section at each position in order to ensure the uniformity and continuity of the fiber or fiber bundle as the reinforcing material, and the thickness and width of the U-shaped bolt mounting section 11 are respectively
Figure BDA0001645740740000064
And b1(ii) a The thickness and width of the performance section 13 are respectively
Figure BDA0001645740740000066
And b2(ii) a The thickness and width of the tab mounting section 15 are respectively
Figure BDA0001645740740000065
And b3；
Figure BDA0001645740740000067
Figure BDA0001645740740000068
b1＜b3＜b2；
Figure BDA0001645740740000069
The ear 2 is formed for the punching press, comprises two straight plate sections and a ring section, and two straight plate sections are parallel to each other and align all around, and two straight plate sections have 4 bolt via holes respectively to 4 via holes of a straight plate section are concentric with 4 via holes of another straight plate section, with the both ends of FRP main reed blade 1 that bolt nut and inboard rubber coating fixed two ears 2 to.
The upper cover plate 4 is formed by stamping and comprises an upper cover plate blade and bent parts at two sides, the bent parts at the two sides are bilaterally symmetrical relative to the upper cover plate blade, two notches 42 are respectively arranged at the two sides, and an upper positioning pin 41 is welded at the middle part and used for positioning the plate spring with the position of an axle during installation.
The lower backing plate 5 is formed by stamping and comprises lower backing plate blades and bent parts at two sides, the bent parts at two sides are bilaterally symmetrical relative to the lower backing plate blades, two sides of the bent parts are respectively provided with a convex plate 52, and the middle part of the bent parts is welded with a lower positioning pin 51 which is used for positioning the position of the plate spring and an axle when the plate spring is installed.
The FRP auxiliary spring blade 8 and the FRP main spring blade have the same design principle, the sections of the FRP auxiliary spring blade are equal, but the rigidity and the length of the FRP auxiliary spring blade are different, and the length of the U-shaped bolt installation section is the same as that of the U-shaped bolt installation section 11 of the FRP main spring blade.
When the suspension load is large, two ends of the FRP auxiliary spring blade 8 are in contact with an auxiliary spring support fixed on a vehicle body, and in order to prevent the plate ends from being abraded, the upper planes of the two ends are covered with a wear-resistant layer, or a metal plate is fixed on the upper planes of the two ends.
The upper surface and the lower surface of the soft cushion plate 7 are coated with glue, the upper surface and the lower surface of the U-shaped bolt installation section 11 of the FRP main spring blade 1 are respectively provided with the soft cushion plate 7, the soft cushion plate 7 and the FRP main spring blade 1 are placed on the bottom surface of the lower cushion plate 5, the U-shaped bolt installation section of the FRP auxiliary spring blade 8 is aligned with the U-shaped bolt installation section 11 of the FRP main spring blade 1, the FRP auxiliary spring blade 8 is placed on the upper plane of the soft cushion plate 7 on the FRP main spring blade 1, the soft cushion plate 7 is placed on the U-shaped bolt installation section of the FRP auxiliary spring blade 8, the notch 42 on the upper cover plate 4 is aligned with the convex plate 52 on the lower cushion plate 5, and the upper cover plate 4 and the lower cushion plate 5 are fastened for a period of time, so that the assembly is installed.
Two front bushings 3 are respectively pressed into the lugs 2 located at the front end of the FRP main spring blade 1 from both sides, and similarly, two rear bushings 6 are respectively pressed into the lugs 2 located at the rear end of the FRP main spring blade 1 from both sides.
The middle part of the invention is fixed on the axle by a U-shaped bolt and a nut, the front end of the invention is fixed on a front bracket on the vehicle body by a bolt which passes through a central hole of a front bushing 3, the rear end of the invention is connected to a lifting lug by a bolt which passes through a central hole of a rear bushing 6, and the lifting lug is connected to a rear bracket on the vehicle body, thus completing the installation of the invention on the whole vehicle.
When a small load acts, only the FRP main spring blade 1 acts; when a large load is applied, two ends of the FRP auxiliary spring blade 8 contact with the auxiliary spring support on the vehicle body, the FRP main spring blade 1 and the FRP auxiliary spring blade 8 act simultaneously, and the two rigidity sections meet different load requirements, as shown in fig. 15.
The stiffness characteristics of the single sheet FRP composite leaf springs are linear, whereas the stiffness characteristics of the present invention are non-linear, meeting the empty and full load bearing requirements of the vehicle, as shown in fig. 15.
Principle of operation
The FRP composite plate spring is installed on the whole vehicle, the end part of the plate spring is under the action of a force P when the plate spring is loaded, the middle part of the plate spring is fixed on the vehicle body through a U-shaped bolt, the distance from the U-shaped bolt to the end part is l, the FRP composite plate spring is a single-plate spring, and the stress between the U-shaped bolt and the end part is consistent with the principle of a cantilever beam of material mechanics, as shown in figure 12.
Let the cross-sectional width at a distance x be b and the thickness be
Figure BDA0001645740740000072
Bending moment M ═ Px, section modulus
Figure BDA0001645740740000073
The bending stress experienced at x is found by equation (1) as shown in fig. 14.
Figure BDA0001645740740000071
In order to ensure the uniformity and continuity of the FRP main spring blade, the arrangement and the orientation of reinforcing material fibers (glass fibers or carbon fibers) are changed, and the cross section S of each part of the FRP main spring blade is kept constant, namely
Figure BDA0001645740740000082
For a fixed value, it can be obtained according to equation (1):
Figure BDA0001645740740000081
according to the formula (2), the bending stress applied to the FRP main spring blade is proportional to the position of the end part away from the FRP main spring blade and is proportional to the FRP main spring blade
Figure BDA0001645740740000083
Inversely, to reduce the bending stress at that location, the thickness at that location must be increased, as must the strain at that location.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (8)

1. A constant-section blade main and auxiliary spring assembly comprises an FRP main spring blade, a rolling lug, a front bushing, an upper cover plate, a lower base plate, a rear bushing, a soft cushion plate and an FRP auxiliary spring blade;
the two ends of the FRP main spring blade are respectively fixed with one rolling lug; the front bushing and the rear bushing are respectively arranged in the rolling lug;
the FRP auxiliary spring blade is arranged on the FRP main spring blade and is fixedly connected with the FRP main spring blade through the upper cover plate and the lower backing plate; it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the soft backing plates are arranged between the upper cover plate and the FRP auxiliary spring main body, between the FRP auxiliary spring blades and the FRP main spring blades and between the FRP main spring blades and the lower backing plate;
the sectional area of each part of the FRP main spring blade is unchanged;
the FRP auxiliary spring blade and the FRP main spring blade have the same design principle, and the sections of the FRP auxiliary spring blade and the FRP main spring blade are equal, but the rigidity and the length are different;
the FRP main spring blade comprises a U-shaped bolt installation section, an inner transition section, a performance section, an outer transition section and a lug installation section;
the FRP auxiliary spring blade comprises a U-shaped bolt installation section, and the length of the U-shaped bolt installation section is the same as that of the U-shaped bolt installation section of the FRP main spring blade.
2. The constant-section blade main and auxiliary spring assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the FRP main spring blade is of a plate-shaped structure, and is separated by a central bolt hole, and the front and rear lengths of the FRP main spring blade are different;
the two ends of the U-shaped bolt mounting section are respectively provided with one inner transition section, the other end of each inner transition section is respectively provided with the performance section, the other end of each performance section is respectively provided with the outer transition section, and the other end of each outer transition section is provided with a lug mounting section;
and each lug mounting section is provided with a bolt through hole.
3. The main and auxiliary spring assembly with uniform cross-section blades as claimed in claim 2, wherein the end of the plate spring is loaded by a force P, the FRP main spring blade has a cross-sectional width b and a thickness h from the end x, and the FRP main spring blade is subjected to a bending moment M-hPx, section coefficient Z ═ (bh)2) The bending stress applied to the x position is obtained by the formula (1),
Figure FDA0002306971300000021
the sectional area S of each part of the FRP main spring blade is kept constant, that is, S ═ bh is a constant value, and the cross-sectional area S can be obtained from the formula (1),
Figure FDA0002306971300000022
4. the constant-section blade main and auxiliary spring assembly according to claim 3, wherein the thickness and the width of the U-shaped bolt mounting section are h1And b1(ii) a The thickness and width of the performance section are respectively h2And b2(ii) a The thickness and the width of the ear-rolling mounting section are respectively h3And b3；h1＞h3＞h2；b1＜b3＜b2；h1b1＝h2b2＝h3b3。
5. The constant-section blade main and auxiliary spring assembly according to claim 1, wherein the lug comprises two straight plate sections and one circular ring section; two the straight plate section is parallel to each other and aligns all around, is in two be provided with four relative bolt via holes on the straight plate section respectively.
6. The constant-section blade main and auxiliary spring assembly according to claim 1, wherein the upper cover plate comprises an upper cover plate blade and two bent portions, the bent portions on two sides are symmetrical with respect to the upper cover plate blade, a notch is provided on the lower portion of each of the two bent portions, and a positioning pin is provided on the lower surface of the upper cover plate blade.
7. The constant-section blade main and auxiliary spring assembly according to claim 1, wherein the lower base plate comprises a lower base plate blade and two bent portions, the two bent portions are symmetrical with respect to the lower base plate blade, a protruding plate is disposed on each of the two bent portions, and a positioning pin is disposed on an upper surface of the lower base plate blade.
8. The main and auxiliary spring assembly for uniform-section blades as claimed in claim 2, wherein the upper plane of the two ends of said FRP auxiliary spring blade is covered with a wear-resistant layer, or a metal plate is fixed on the upper plane of the two ends of said FRP auxiliary spring blade.
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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2660385A1 (en) * 1990-04-03 1991-10-04 Rossignol Sa Beam equipped with a progressive vibration-damping device
CN204077274U (en) * 2014-04-22 2015-01-07 东风汽车悬架弹簧有限公司 The composite panel spring structure that a kind of uniform cross section is long-pending
CN106481707A (en) * 2016-11-03 2017-03-08 安徽江淮汽车集团股份有限公司 Plate spring structure
CN106864191A (en) * 2017-01-25 2017-06-20 安徽江淮汽车集团股份有限公司 A kind of FRP plate spring and its assembly
CN107559366A (en) * 2017-09-14 2018-01-09 安徽江淮汽车集团股份有限公司 A kind of FRP composites major-minor spring assembly

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2660385A1 (en) * 1990-04-03 1991-10-04 Rossignol Sa Beam equipped with a progressive vibration-damping device
CN204077274U (en) * 2014-04-22 2015-01-07 东风汽车悬架弹簧有限公司 The composite panel spring structure that a kind of uniform cross section is long-pending
CN106481707A (en) * 2016-11-03 2017-03-08 安徽江淮汽车集团股份有限公司 Plate spring structure
CN106864191A (en) * 2017-01-25 2017-06-20 安徽江淮汽车集团股份有限公司 A kind of FRP plate spring and its assembly
CN107559366A (en) * 2017-09-14 2018-01-09 安徽江淮汽车集团股份有限公司 A kind of FRP composites major-minor spring assembly

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