CN108517451B - A kind of high-strength tenacity high-entropy alloy and preparation method with gradient grain structure - Google Patents

A kind of high-strength tenacity high-entropy alloy and preparation method with gradient grain structure Download PDF

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CN108517451B
CN108517451B CN201810412582.2A CN201810412582A CN108517451B CN 108517451 B CN108517451 B CN 108517451B CN 201810412582 A CN201810412582 A CN 201810412582A CN 108517451 B CN108517451 B CN 108517451B
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entropy alloy
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方伟
常若斌
殷福星
张昕
冀璞光
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Hebei University of Technology
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    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C30/00Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22FCHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of high-strength tenacity high-entropy alloy and preparation method thereof with gradient grain structure.The alloy is New Co CrFeNi high-entropy alloy, and the present invention is a kind of high-strength tenacity high-entropy alloy and preparation method with gradient grain structure.The high-entropy alloy is CoCrFeNi alloy, and pattern is single-phase face-centred cubic structure;The atomic percent of the high-entropy alloy each component are as follows: Co:38~42%, Cr:24~26%, Fe:8~12%, Ni:24~26%, and each component atomic percent summation are 100%.The present invention reduces preparation process and rolls drag by improving Co constituent content in alloy, cooperation warm-rolling technique, then carries out low temperature annealing process and obtains the high-entropy alloy with gradient grain structure, the intensity of high-entropy alloy is improved while guaranteeing its plasticity.

Description

A kind of high-strength tenacity high-entropy alloy and preparation method with gradient grain structure
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of high-strength tenacity high-entropy alloys with gradient grain structure and rolling heat treatment process, belong to High entropy alloy material and its reinforcing technical field of modification.
Background technique
Conventional alloys are typically based on one or two kinds of essential elements, usually by the one or more of a small amount of other members of addition The microscopic structure of alloy is adjusted, to realize certain specific performance requirement.It improves with the continuous development of society, people are to metal Material is it is also proposed that higher more fully require.In 2004, Taiwan's scholars took the lead in proposing a kind of new alloy design concept " high entropy Alloy " is a kind of alloy system collectively formed by a variety of main components, breaches the limit of the single pivot of conventional alloys System.Because the high entropy effect in high-entropy alloy promotes the mixing between element so that a variety of host elements tendency confusing array and shape At simple body-centered cubic or face-centered cubic crystal.Due to high entropy effect, distortion of lattice effect, sluggish diffusion effect and chicken These typical features of tail wine effect, high-entropy alloy are a kind of new structural materials having a high potential, and are increasingly subject to multiple countries Attention and concern.
Generally, it is considered that the excellent plasticity of current transition group high-entropy alloy, but it is limited in that its low cross-intensity.This is just It limits high-entropy alloy to apply under complex loading conditions, so the intensifying method that we can use for reference traditional metal materials comes by force Change high-entropy alloy, such as refined crystalline strengthening, processing hardening conventional method.Nearly stage research is it is found that purely utilize addition microelement Method the intensity of single-phase FCC type high-entropy alloy is improved limited, FCC is same as the composite construction of BCC not to be able to satisfy intensity, modeling Double requirements in shape, the microscopic structure by adjusting high-entropy alloy is considered as a kind of feasible method.Meet intensity, modeling Double requirements in shape need in microscopic structure while comprising large scale crystal grain and small-size grains, in deformation process, alloy The crystal particle crystal boundary area of middle fine size is larger, can produce the effect of significant intercrystalline strengthening, to improve the intensity of alloy;It closes Large scale crystal grain has work hardening capacity, tunable deformation, so that alloy be made to show certain plasticity in gold.
(the document: WeiFang et al.Effects ofCobaltonthe structure such as Wei Fang andmechanicalbehavior ofnon-equal molar CoxFe50-xCr25Ni25high entropy Alloys.Materials Science&EngineeringA.723 (2018) 221-228) the study found that working as Co constituent content When increasing to 35% from 20%, CoxFe50-xCr25Ni25High-entropy alloy ultimate tensile strength is increased to 714MPa from 610MPa, draws It stretches elongation at break and is increased to 70% or so from 53%, breach the limitation that design of material obdurability cannot improve simultaneously.It is overall See that although the alloy plasticity is preferable on, gained tensile strength is lower.CN107841673A discloses a series of a kind of Fe-Co- Cr-Ni-Al high-entropy alloy and its heat treatment process, the ingredient of the high-entropy alloy be (FeCoCrNi) 100-xAlx (x=0.1, 0.2,0.5at%) alloy for, being heat-treated front and back is simple face-centred cubic structure, and tensile strength is 518~654MPa, elongation It is 42~65%, although on the whole the alloy plasticity is preferable, gained intensity is still lower.It is above-mentioned all hot by high annealing Processing, obtains perfect recrystallization crystal grain, homogeneous grain size and size is larger, can guarantee high plastotype, but intensity is lower.
Therefore, in order to more preferably push high-entropy alloy to be applied to industrial production, a kind of pass through at warm-rolling and subsequent anneal is invented Manage the high-strength tenacity high-entropy alloy with gradient grain structure combined has to improve the intensity of high-entropy alloy Important economy and society meaning.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems, such as that high-entropy alloy obdurability matches poor in the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of with gradient High-strength tenacity high-entropy alloy of grain structure and preparation method thereof.The alloy is New Co CrFeNi high-entropy alloy, and by mentioning Co constituent content in high alloy, cooperation warm-rolling technique reduce preparation process and roll drag, then carry out low temperature annealing process and obtain High-entropy alloy with gradient grain structure improves the intensity of high-entropy alloy while guaranteeing its plasticity.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention are as follows:
A kind of high-strength tenacity high-entropy alloy with gradient grain structure, the high-entropy alloy are CoCrFeNi alloys, Pattern is single-phase face-centred cubic structure;The atomic percent of the high-entropy alloy each component are as follows: Co:38~42%, Cr:24~ 26%, Fe:8~12%, Ni:24~26%, and each component atomic percent summation are 100%.
The preparation method of the high-strength tenacity high-entropy alloy with gradient grain structure, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: by the pure metal after cleaning according to the atomic percent, pure Co, pure Cr, pure Fe and pure Ni are pressed The sequence of fusing point from low to high is stacked in smelting furnace from bottom to up, and vacuum degree is equal to 10-3When MPa, it is then charged with argon gas, In 1200~1300 DEG C, stirring lower progress melting 20~30 minutes, obtain alloy pig;
Step 2: melting-natural cooling process 4~5 times in step 1 are repeated, as-cast specimen is obtained;
Step 3: the as-cast specimen that step 2 is obtained is placed in resistance furnace, and 1150 DEG C~1250 DEG C keep the temperature 3-5h's Solution treatment then takes out water quenching, obtains the high-entropy alloy sample of Homogenization Treatments;
Step 4: the high-entropy alloy sample dicing for the Homogenization Treatments that line cutting technology obtains step 3 is utilized Material carries out smooth polishing and cleaning, subsequent warm-rolling to rolling sample surface;10~20min is kept the temperature at 500 DEG C~600 DEG C, every time Roll reduction is 10~30%, and rolling pass is 5~10 times, and rolling overall reduction is about 70~90%, and is air-cooled to room temperature, 6~10Km/h of the speed of rolls;
Step 5: the warm-rolling sample that step 4 obtains is placed in resistance furnace, and 600 DEG C~800 DEG C heat preservations 10~ 20min obtains the high-strength tenacity high-entropy alloy with gradient grain structure;
Co, Cr, Fe, Ni test button purity are >=99.5% described in step 1;
Melting described in step 1 is electric arc melting, and the stirring is magnetic field agitation;
Step 1: cleaning described in four is cleaned by ultrasonic using alcohol.
The invention has the benefit that
(1) a kind of high entropy alloy material Co proposed by the present invention40Cr25Fe10Ni25Total volume under pressure can be under the conditions of warm-rolling 70~90% are easily reached, without being broken;
(2) it is obtained by the microstructure picture (Fig. 4) of 700 DEG C of annealings a kind of with the high-strength of gradient grain structure Toughness high-entropy alloy, i.e., the microscopic structure of the described high-entropy alloy are incomplete recrystallized, are starting with pile-up of dislocation region, then Crystal grain size is gradually increased, distribution gradient;
(3) a kind of high-entropy alloy proposed by the present invention shows high strong plasticity matching, i.e. intensity with higher simultaneously And good plasticity, tensile strength are 834~1450MPa, plastic strain is 10~72%, the excellent resultant force of the alloy Learning performance makes it have broad application prospects in structural timber field;
(4) method provided by the invention can make the comprehensive mechanical property of high-entropy alloy excellent, widen answering for high-entropy alloy Use range;Its preparation process of the invention is simple, and feasibility is strong, and effect is obvious, therefore has well in structural timber field Application prospect.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is Co40Cr25Fe10Ni25The XRD spectrum of as cast condition high-entropy alloy, structure FCC;
Fig. 2 is Co40Cr25Fe10Ni25As-cast specimen first keeps the temperature 4h at 1200 DEG C and carries out solution treatment, then at 500 DEG C The microstructure picture of 10~20min is kept the temperature after warm-rolling under 300 DEG C of annealing temperatures;
Fig. 3 is Co40Cr25Fe10Ni25As-cast specimen first keeps the temperature 4h at 1200 DEG C and carries out solution treatment, then at 500 DEG C The microstructure picture of 10~20min is kept the temperature after warm-rolling under 500 DEG C of annealing temperatures;
Fig. 4 is Co40Cr25Fe10Ni25As-cast specimen first keeps the temperature 4h at 1200 DEG C and carries out solution treatment, then at 500 DEG C The microstructure picture of 10~20min is kept the temperature after warm-rolling under 700 DEG C of annealing temperatures;
Fig. 5 is Co40Cr25Fe10Ni25As-cast specimen first keeps the temperature 4h at 1200 DEG C and carries out solution treatment, then at 500 DEG C The microstructure picture of 10~20min is kept the temperature after warm-rolling under 900 DEG C of annealing temperatures;
Fig. 6 is Co40Cr25Fe10Ni25、Co38Cr24Fe12Ni26As-cast specimen first keeps the temperature 4h at 1200 DEG C and carries out at solid solution Reason then keeps the temperature the load-deformation curve of 10~20min after 500 DEG C of warm-rollings under 700 DEG C of annealing temperatures;
Fig. 7 is Co40Cr25Fe10Ni25As-cast specimen first keeps the temperature 4h at 1200 DEG C and carries out solution treatment, then at 500 DEG C In the load-deformation curve of different annealing temperature (300 DEG C, 500 DEG C, 700 DEG C, 900 DEG C) after warm-rolling.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the present invention will be further explained.
The Co40Cr25Fe10Ni25The method that the preparation of alloy uses vacuum arc furnace melting, high-entropy alloy is fabricated to Button ingot as-cast specimen.
To Co40Cr25Fe10Ni25As-cast specimen carries out X-ray diffraction analysis ingredient and structure, observes sample microscopic structure shape Looks, Fig. 1 Co40Cr25Fe10Ni25 as-cast specimen XRD spectrum determines that its structure is that (center of area is vertical by single-phase FCC by the position of cutting edge of a knife or a sword Square structure).
Embodiment 1
Pure metal is dispelled into just face dust and grease stain through alcohol ultrasonic cleaning 5min, is then dried up with hair dryer;
According to the atomic percent, by pure Co, pure Cr, pure Fe and pure Ni (purity is >=99.5%) by fusing point by It is stacked in smelting furnace from bottom to up down to high sequence, vacuum degree is equal to 10-3When MPa, it is then charged with argon gas, in high temperature 1200 DEG C, carry out electric arc melting 25 minutes under magnetic field agitation, then natural cooling, obtains alloy pig;
" electric arc melting-natural cooling " process (i.e. temperature, time are identical) above 4 times is repeated, obtains ingredient more Uniform as-cast specimen;
Obtained as-cast specimen is placed in resistance furnace, water quenching is taken out in the solution treatment of 1200 DEG C of heat preservation 4h;
Obtained solution treatment sample is cut into 3mm thin slice using line cutting technology, is polished rolling sample surface And cleaning, to ensure that rolling faces flat is clean, subsequent warm-rolling;15min is kept the temperature at 500 DEG C, each roll reduction is 10%, Rolling pass is 10 times, and rolling overall reduction is about 80%, and is air-cooled to room temperature, speed of rolls 8Km/h;
Obtained warm-rolling sample is placed in resistance furnace, 300 DEG C of heat preservation 15min, carries out stress relief annealing process, reduced There are apparent dislocation aggregation zone in residual stress, displaing micro tissue topography as shown in Fig. 2, not recrystallizing, and tensile strength reaches 1450Mpa, elongation percentage 10%.
Embodiment 2
Pure metal is dispelled into just face dust and grease stain through alcohol ultrasonic cleaning 5min, is then dried up with hair dryer;
According to the atomic percent, by pure Co, pure Cr, pure Fe and pure Ni (purity is >=99.5%) by fusing point by It is stacked in smelting furnace from bottom to up down to high sequence, vacuum degree is equal to 10-3When MPa, it is then charged with argon gas, in high temperature 1200 DEG C, carry out electric arc melting 25 minutes under magnetic field agitation, then natural cooling, obtains alloy pig;
" electric arc melting-natural cooling " process (i.e. temperature, time are identical) above 5 times is repeated, obtains ingredient more Uniform as-cast specimen;
Obtained as-cast specimen is placed in resistance furnace, water quenching is taken out in the solution treatment of 1200 DEG C of heat preservation 4h;
Obtained solution treatment sample is cut into 3mm thin slice using line cutting technology, is polished rolling sample surface And cleaning, to ensure that rolling faces flat is clean, subsequent warm-rolling;15min is kept the temperature at 500 DEG C, each roll reduction is 15%, Rolling pass is 8 times, and rolling overall reduction is about 84%, and is air-cooled to room temperature, speed of rolls 8Km/h;
Obtained warm-rolling sample is placed in resistance furnace, 500 DEG C of heat preservation 15min, carries out stress relief annealing process, reduced There are apparent dislocation aggregation zone in residual stress, displaing micro tissue topography as shown in figure 3, not recrystallizing, and tensile strength reaches 1424Mpa, elongation percentage 12.5%.
Embodiment 3
Pure metal is dispelled into just face dust and grease stain through alcohol ultrasonic cleaning 5min, is then dried up with hair dryer;
According to the atomic percent, by pure Co, pure Cr, pure Fe and pure Ni (purity is >=99.5%) by fusing point by It is stacked in smelting furnace from bottom to up down to high sequence, vacuum degree is equal to 10-3When MPa, it is then charged with argon gas, in high temperature 1200 DEG C, carry out electric arc melting 25 minutes under magnetic field agitation, then natural cooling, obtains alloy pig;
" electric arc melting-natural cooling " process (i.e. temperature, time are identical) above 4 times is repeated, obtains ingredient more Uniform as-cast specimen;
Obtained as-cast specimen is placed in resistance furnace, water quenching is taken out in the solution treatment of 1200 DEG C of heat preservation 4h;
Obtained solution treatment sample is cut into 3mm thin slice using line cutting technology, is polished rolling sample surface And cleaning, to ensure that rolling faces flat is clean, subsequent warm-rolling;15min is kept the temperature at 500 DEG C, each roll reduction is 20%, Rolling pass is 7 times, and rolling overall reduction is about 85%, and is air-cooled to room temperature, speed of rolls 8Km/h;
Obtained warm-rolling sample is placed in resistance furnace, 700 DEG C of heat preservation 15min, carries out stress relief annealing process, reduced Residual stress, displaing micro tissue topography is as shown in figure 4, partial, re-crystallization, it can also be observed that dislocation aggregation zone, tensile strength Reach 950Mpa, plasticity is preferable, and elongation percentage reaches 47%.
Embodiment 4
Pure metal is dispelled into just face dust and grease stain through alcohol ultrasonic cleaning 5min, is then dried up with hair dryer;
According to the atomic percent, by pure Co, pure Cr, pure Fe and pure Ni (purity is >=99.5%) by fusing point by It is stacked in smelting furnace from bottom to up down to high sequence, vacuum degree is equal to 10-3When MPa, it is then charged with argon gas, in high temperature 1200 DEG C, carry out electric arc melting 25 minutes under magnetic field agitation, then natural cooling, obtains alloy pig;
" electric arc melting-natural cooling " process (i.e. temperature, time are identical) above 5 times is repeated, obtains ingredient more Uniform as-cast specimen;
Obtained as-cast specimen is placed in resistance furnace, water quenching is taken out in the solution treatment of 1200 DEG C of heat preservation 4h;
Obtained solution treatment sample is cut into 3mm thin slice using line cutting technology, is polished rolling sample surface And cleaning, to ensure that rolling faces flat is clean, subsequent warm-rolling;15min is kept the temperature at 500 DEG C, each roll reduction is 25%, Rolling pass is 5 times, and rolling overall reduction is about 82%, and is air-cooled to room temperature, speed of rolls 8Km/h;
Obtained warm-rolling sample is placed in resistance furnace, 900 DEG C of heat preservation 15min, carries out stress relief annealing process, reduced Residual stress, displaing micro tissue topography do not observe dislocation aggregation zone as shown in figure 5, perfect recrystallization, although plasticity compared with It is good, but the lower only 834Mpa of tensile strength.
Embodiment 5
Pure metal is dispelled into just face dust and grease stain through alcohol ultrasonic cleaning 5min, is then dried up with hair dryer;
According to the atomic percent, by pure Co, pure Cr, pure Fe and pure Ni (purity is >=99.5%) by fusing point by It is stacked in smelting furnace from bottom to up down to high sequence, vacuum degree is equal to 10-3When MPa, it is then charged with argon gas, in high temperature 1200 DEG C, carry out electric arc melting 25 minutes under magnetic field agitation, then natural cooling, obtains alloy pig;
" electric arc melting-natural cooling " process (i.e. temperature, time are identical) above 4 times is repeated, obtains ingredient more Uniform as-cast specimen;
Obtained as-cast specimen is placed in resistance furnace, water quenching is taken out in the solution treatment of 1200 DEG C of heat preservation 4h;
Obtained solution treatment sample is cut into 3mm thin slice using line cutting technology, is polished rolling sample surface And cleaning, to ensure that rolling faces flat is clean, subsequent warm-rolling;15min is kept the temperature at 500 DEG C, each roll reduction is 20%, Rolling pass is 6 times, and rolling overall reduction is about 81%, and is air-cooled to room temperature, speed of rolls 8Km/h;
Obtained warm-rolling sample is placed in resistance furnace, 700 DEG C of heat preservation 15min, carries out stress relief annealing process, reduced Residual stress, Co40Cr25Fe10Ni25、Co38Cr24Fe12Ni26Stress-strain diagram is as shown in fig. 6, Co38Cr24Fe12Ni26It is anti- Tensile strength reaches 923Mpa, and elongation percentage reaches 46.4%;With Co40Cr25Fe10Ni25Comprehensive performance it is close, illustrate small-scale Component ratio adjusting has little effect performance.
Embodiment 6
By Co40Cr25Fe10Ni25As-cast specimen first keeps the temperature 240min at 1200 DEG C and carries out solution treatment, then at 500 DEG C At a temperature of keep the temperature 15min, then to its into deformation amount 80% warm-rolling handle, sample is then placed in different annealing temperature 15min is kept the temperature under (300 DEG C, 500 DEG C, 700 DEG C, 900 DEG C) and carries out stress relief annealing process, reduces residual stress, stress-is answered Varied curve is as shown in Figure 7.The sample for keeping the temperature 15min in Fig. 7 through 700 DEG C, in the case where guaranteeing certain condition of palsticity, can possess compared with High intensity, comprehensive mechanical property is best, and tensile strength reaches 950Mpa, elongation percentage reaches 47%.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that: for the ordinary skill people of the art For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Unaccomplished matter of the present invention is well-known technique.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of high-strength tenacity high-entropy alloy with gradient grain structure, it is characterized in that the high-entropy alloy is that CoCrFeNi is closed Gold, pattern are single-phase face-centred cubic structure;The atomic percent of the high-entropy alloy each component are as follows: Co:38~42%, Cr: 24~26%, Fe:8~12%, Ni:24~26%, and each component atomic percent summation are 100%;
The preparation method of the high-strength tenacity high-entropy alloy with gradient grain structure, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: by the pure metal after cleaning according to the atomic percent, pure Co, pure Cr, pure Fe and pure Ni are pressed into fusing point Sequence from low to high is stacked in smelting furnace from bottom to up, and vacuum degree is equal to 10-3When MPa, it is then charged with argon gas, 1200~ 1300 DEG C, stirring lower progress melting 20~30 minutes, obtain alloy pig;
Step 2: melting-natural cooling process 4~5 times in step 1 are repeated, as-cast specimen is obtained;
Step 3: the as-cast specimen that step 2 is obtained is placed in resistance furnace, the solid solution of 1150 DEG C~1250 DEG C heat preservation 3-5h Processing, then takes out water quenching, obtains the high-entropy alloy sample of Homogenization Treatments;
Step 4: being cut into sheet material for the high-entropy alloy sample that step 3 obtains Homogenization Treatments using line cutting technology, to rolling Sample preparation surface carries out smooth polishing and cleaning, subsequent warm-rolling;10~20min is kept the temperature at 500 DEG C~600 DEG C, every time rolling pressure Lower amount is 10~30%, and rolling pass is 5~10 times, and rolling overall reduction is 70~90%, and is air-cooled to room temperature, the speed of rolls 6~10km/h;
Step 5: the warm-rolling sample that step 4 obtains is placed in resistance furnace, and 600 DEG C~800 DEG C 10~20min of heat preservation are obtained To the high-strength tenacity high-entropy alloy with gradient grain structure.
2. as described in claim 1 with the high-strength tenacity high-entropy alloy of gradient grain structure, it is characterized in that in preparation method Co, Cr, Fe, Ni test button purity are >=99.5% described in step 1.
3. as described in claim 1 with the high-strength tenacity high-entropy alloy of gradient grain structure, it is characterized in that in preparation method Melting described in step 1 is electric arc melting, and the stirring is magnetic field agitation.
4. as described in claim 1 with the high-strength tenacity high-entropy alloy of gradient grain structure, it is characterized in that in preparation method Step 1: cleaning described in four is cleaned by ultrasonic using alcohol.
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