CN108513719B - Method and device for transmitting synchronous broadcast block - Google Patents

Method and device for transmitting synchronous broadcast block Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108513719B
CN108513719B CN201880000500.1A CN201880000500A CN108513719B CN 108513719 B CN108513719 B CN 108513719B CN 201880000500 A CN201880000500 A CN 201880000500A CN 108513719 B CN108513719 B CN 108513719B
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broadcast blocks
synchronized
blocks
group
synchronous
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CN108513719A (en
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刘洋
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Beijing Xiaomi Mobile Software Co Ltd
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Beijing Xiaomi Mobile Software Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/02Arrangements for optimising operational condition
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W48/00Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
    • H04W48/08Access restriction or access information delivery, e.g. discovery data delivery
    • H04W48/12Access restriction or access information delivery, e.g. discovery data delivery using downlink control channel
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/14Spectrum sharing arrangements between different networks
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00Network topologies
    • H04W84/02Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
    • H04W84/10Small scale networks; Flat hierarchical networks
    • H04W84/12WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a device for transmitting a synchronous broadcast block. The method comprises the following steps: detecting whether a channel at the current transmission time is idle or not so as to transmit a group of synchronous broadcast blocks; the set of synchronized broadcast blocks includes at least two synchronized broadcast blocks; and when the channel is detected to be idle at the current transmission moment, the beam scanning transmits the group of synchronous broadcast blocks.

Description

Method and device for transmitting synchronous broadcast block
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a method and an apparatus for transmitting a synchronization broadcast block.
Background
In the related art, research has recently been conducted on 5G (5 th generation communication system) unlicensed spectrum in the industry, and a scenario supporting independent networking of unlicensed cells is proposed. In 5G unlicensed spectrum design, the first step is to consider the design of a synchronous broadcast Block (SS/PBCH Block, hereinafter abbreviated SSB). In the 5G new air interface (NR), SSBs are typically not continuously transmitted, which results in the NR-U base station needing frequent short sounding to detect whether there are idle resources for SSB transmission.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a method and a device for transmitting a synchronous broadcast block. The technical scheme is as follows:
according to a first aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a method for transmitting a synchronized broadcast block, including:
detecting whether a channel at the current transmission time is idle or not so as to transmit a group of synchronous broadcast blocks; the set of synchronized broadcast blocks includes at least two synchronized broadcast blocks;
and when the channel is detected to be idle at the current transmission moment, the beam scanning transmits the group of synchronous broadcast blocks.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention can have the following beneficial effects: the embodiment continuously transmits a plurality of synchronous broadcast blocks each time the synchronous broadcast blocks are transmitted, so as to reduce the frequency of detecting idle available resources on the network side, and better coexist with a WLAN (wireless local area network) system.
In one embodiment, the ratio of the number of time domain symbols occupied by a group of synchronous broadcast blocks to the number of time domain symbols contained in 1ms does not exceed a preset ratio range; the proportion range is 50% -70%.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention can have the following beneficial effects: in this embodiment, the ratio of the time length of one group of the synchronized broadcast blocks to the total time length of 1ms is within a suitable range, which not only can better coexist with the WLAN system, but also does not affect the transmission of the uplink information as much as possible.
In one embodiment, the plurality of synchronized broadcast blocks in a group are consecutive in symbols.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention can have the following beneficial effects: in this embodiment, the plurality of synchronization broadcast blocks in a group are consecutive in symbol, which can reduce the number of probing times of the base station and reduce the gaps between the synchronization broadcast blocks, and can better coexist with the WLAN system.
In one embodiment, one synchronization broadcast block occupies 2 time domain symbols or 4 time domain symbols.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention can have the following beneficial effects: the embodiment provides various schemes for occupying time domain symbols by synchronous broadcast blocks, and the schemes can be flexibly configured.
In one embodiment, when one synchronized broadcast block occupies 4 time domain symbols, the set of synchronized broadcast blocks includes two or 4 synchronized broadcast blocks for the low frequency band; for high frequency bands, the set of synchronized broadcast blocks comprises 4 or 8 synchronized broadcast blocks;
when one synchronous broadcast block occupies 2 time domain symbols, for a low frequency band, the group of synchronous broadcast blocks comprises 4 or 8 synchronous broadcast blocks; for high frequency bands, the set of synchronized broadcast blocks includes 8 or 16 synchronized broadcast blocks.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention can have the following beneficial effects: the embodiment provides that the time domain widths of the synchronized broadcast blocks are different, and the number of the synchronized broadcast blocks included in a group of synchronized broadcast blocks can also be changed correspondingly, so as to better coexist with the WLAN system.
According to a second aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for transmitting a synchronized broadcast block, including:
the detection module is used for detecting whether a channel at the current sending time is idle or not so as to send a group of synchronous broadcast blocks; the set of synchronized broadcast blocks includes at least two synchronized broadcast blocks;
and the sending module is used for scanning and sending the group of synchronous broadcast blocks by the beams when the idle channel at the current sending time is detected.
In one embodiment, the ratio of the number of time domain symbols occupied by a group of synchronous broadcast blocks to the number of time domain symbols contained in 1ms does not exceed a preset ratio range; the proportion range is 50% -70%.
In one embodiment, the plurality of synchronized broadcast blocks in a group are consecutive in symbols.
In one embodiment, one synchronization broadcast block occupies 2 time domain symbols or 4 time domain symbols.
In one embodiment, when one synchronized broadcast block occupies 4 time domain symbols, the set of synchronized broadcast blocks includes two or 4 synchronized broadcast blocks for the low frequency band; for high frequency bands, the set of synchronized broadcast blocks comprises 4 or 8 synchronized broadcast blocks;
when one synchronous broadcast block occupies 2 time domain symbols, for a low frequency band, the group of synchronous broadcast blocks comprises 4 or 8 synchronous broadcast blocks; for high frequency bands, the set of synchronized broadcast blocks includes 8 or 16 synchronized broadcast blocks.
According to a third aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for transmitting a synchronized broadcast block, including:
a processor;
a memory for storing processor-executable instructions;
wherein the processor is configured to:
detecting whether a channel at the current transmission time is idle or not so as to transmit a group of synchronous broadcast blocks; the set of synchronized broadcast blocks includes at least two synchronized broadcast blocks;
and when the channel is detected to be idle at the current transmission moment, the beam scanning transmits the group of synchronous broadcast blocks.
According to a fourth aspect of embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon computer instructions which, when executed by a processor, implement the above-described method of transmitting a synchronized broadcast block.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention, as claimed.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart illustrating a method of transmitting a synchronized broadcast block in accordance with an example embodiment.
Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating a synchronized broadcast block in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating a synchronized broadcast block according to an exemplary embodiment.
Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating a synchronized broadcast block in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
Fig. 5 is a block diagram illustrating an apparatus for transmitting an isochronous broadcast block according to an exemplary embodiment.
Fig. 6 is a block diagram illustrating an apparatus adapted to transmit a synchronized broadcast block in accordance with an example embodiment.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to the exemplary embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, like numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with the present invention. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatus and methods consistent with certain aspects of the invention, as detailed in the appended claims.
In the related art, it is proposed in the industry that unlicensed spectrum independent networking needs to be implemented, that is, all functions such as initial access are completed by a cell in an unlicensed frequency band without depending on a new air interface (NR) cell. First, the transmission of the synchronization broadcast block needs to be implemented in the unlicensed spectrum cell. In 5G, SSBs are typically not continuously transmitted, which results in frequent short probes by the base station to detect whether there are free resources for SSBs to transmit. Moreover, the delay of the second SSB transmission may affect the coexistence of the mobile communication system and the WLAN system, and does not conform to the fairness principle of the WLAN system.
To solve the above problem, in this embodiment, a group of synchronization broadcast blocks is transmitted at a time, so as to reduce the frequent short detection of the base station and reduce the delay of transmitting the synchronization broadcast blocks. Can better coexist with the WLAN system.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a method for transmitting a synchronization broadcast block, which is used for a network access device such as a base station, according to an exemplary embodiment. As shown in fig. 1, the method comprises the following steps 101-102.
In step 101, detecting whether a channel at the current transmission time is idle to transmit a group of synchronous broadcast blocks; the set of synchronized broadcast blocks includes at least two synchronized broadcast blocks;
in step 102, the beam sweep transmits the set of synchronized broadcast blocks when the channel idle at the current transmission time is detected.
And when detecting that the channel is not idle at the current transmission moment, abandoning to transmit the group of synchronous broadcast blocks. Ending the process, step 101 may be continued to detect for the next group of synchronized broadcast blocks or the next subframe.
In this embodiment, the base station detects a current transmission time channel of a group of synchronous broadcast blocks, and detects whether the channel is idle. If idle, a set of synchronized broadcast blocks will be sent. The detection times of the base station are reduced, and the power consumption of the system is saved. A plurality of synchronous broadcast blocks form a group, can better coexist with a WLAN system, and meet the fairness principle of the WLAN system as much as possible.
The detection in this embodiment may be a short detection of e.g. 25 mus, suitable for short detection of discovery signals. The synchronization signal, the reference signal, and the like in the synchronization broadcast block all belong to the discovery signal.
In one embodiment, the ratio of the number of time domain symbols occupied by a group of synchronous broadcast blocks to the number of time domain symbols contained in 1ms does not exceed a preset ratio range; the proportion range is 50% -70%.
Wherein, in the proportion range, 58% of equal proportion value can be taken.
In this embodiment, as many synchronous broadcast blocks as possible form a group, so as to reduce the number of probing times of the base station and the transmission delay of the synchronous broadcast blocks as much as possible. On the other hand, the number of the synchronous broadcast blocks in a group is not too large, and the synchronous broadcast blocks are not suitable to occupy too much channel time to influence the transmission of the uplink information. Therefore, the embodiment provides a relatively suitable proportion range, and balances the requirements of all aspects.
In one embodiment, the plurality of synchronized broadcast blocks in a group are consecutive in symbols.
In this embodiment, a plurality of synchronization broadcast blocks in a group are consecutive in symbol, so that transmission delay can be reduced as much as possible, and the synchronization broadcast blocks can better coexist with the WLAN system.
As shown in fig. 2, taking L ═ 4 as an example, L is the maximum number of transmittable synchronized broadcast blocks in one preconfigured cycle. In the low frequency band of 15K, one synchronous broadcast block occupies 4 time domain symbols, and 2 synchronous broadcast blocks have continuous time slots, which occupy 8 time domain symbols in total, and form a group. A set of synchronized broadcast blocks is transmitted within one time slot. The starting position of a group of synchronized broadcast blocks within a time slot can be flexibly configured by the base station. In other examples, multiple groups of synchronized broadcast blocks may be transmitted in a timeslot, and the larger the number of synchronized broadcast blocks in a group, the larger the transmission gap between groups may be, so as to better coexist with the WLAN system and facilitate uplink information transmission.
In one embodiment, one synchronization broadcast block occupies 2 time domain symbols or 4 time domain symbols.
The present embodiment provides various structures of the synchronized broadcast block, and one synchronized broadcast block may occupy 4 time domain symbols. The requirement of the system bandwidth may also be considered, and the bandwidth occupied by one Signal block may exceed 80% of the total bandwidth as much as possible, so that in this embodiment, one synchronization broadcast block may occupy 2 time domain symbols, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, and one synchronization broadcast block includes a PSS, an SSS, broadcast information, and a DMRS (Demodulation Reference Signal). The PSS is a primary synchronization signal, and the SSS is a secondary synchronization signal. The broadcast information is carried on a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH). The synchronous broadcast block occupies 2 time domain symbols, and the occupied time domain symbols are reduced so as to increase the occupied frequency domain bandwidth.
In one embodiment, when one synchronized broadcast block occupies 4 time domain symbols, the set of synchronized broadcast blocks includes two or 4 synchronized broadcast blocks for the low frequency band; for high frequency bands, the set of synchronized broadcast blocks includes 4 or 8 synchronized broadcast blocks.
When one synchronous broadcast block occupies 2 time domain symbols, for a low frequency band, the group of synchronous broadcast blocks comprises 4 or 8 synchronous broadcast blocks; for high frequency bands, the set of synchronized broadcast blocks includes 8 or 16 synchronized broadcast blocks.
The low frequency band in this embodiment refers to a frequency band less than or equal to 6 GHz. The frequency band above 6GHz is a high frequency band. The high frequency band contains more time domain symbols in 1ms, so more synchronized broadcast blocks can be transmitted at a time.
If one synchronous broadcast block occupies 2 time domain symbols, more time domain resources are saved, so that more synchronous broadcast blocks can be continuously transmitted, and the probability of user equipment synchronization is improved.
The above embodiments can be freely combined as needed.
The following are embodiments of the apparatus of the present invention that may be used to perform embodiments of the method of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a block diagram illustrating an apparatus for transmitting a synchronized broadcast block, which may be implemented as part or all of an electronic device by software, hardware, or a combination thereof, according to an example embodiment. Referring to fig. 5, the apparatus for transmitting a sync broadcast block includes a detection module 501 and a transmission module 502; wherein:
a detecting module 501, configured to detect whether a channel at a current sending time is idle, so as to send a group of synchronous broadcast blocks; the set of synchronized broadcast blocks includes at least two synchronized broadcast blocks.
A sending module 502, configured to send the group of synchronized broadcast blocks by beam scanning when it is detected that a channel at the current sending time is idle.
In one embodiment, the ratio of the number of time domain symbols occupied by a group of synchronous broadcast blocks to the number of time domain symbols contained in 1ms does not exceed a preset ratio range; the proportion range is 50% -70%.
In one embodiment, the plurality of synchronized broadcast blocks in a group are consecutive in symbols.
In one embodiment, one synchronization broadcast block occupies 2 time domain symbols or 4 time domain symbols.
In one embodiment, when one synchronized broadcast block occupies 4 time domain symbols, the set of synchronized broadcast blocks includes two or 4 synchronized broadcast blocks for the low frequency band; for high frequency bands, the set of synchronized broadcast blocks comprises 4 or 8 synchronized broadcast blocks;
when one synchronous broadcast block occupies 2 time domain symbols, for a low frequency band, the group of synchronous broadcast blocks comprises 4 or 8 synchronous broadcast blocks; for high frequency bands, the set of synchronized broadcast blocks includes 8 or 16 synchronized broadcast blocks.
With regard to the apparatus in the above-described embodiment, the specific manner in which each module performs the operation has been described in detail in the embodiment related to the method, and will not be elaborated here.
Fig. 6 is a block diagram illustrating an apparatus 600 for transmitting a synchronized broadcast block in accordance with an example embodiment. For example, the apparatus 600 may be provided as a computer. Referring to fig. 6, the apparatus 600 includes a processing component 622 that further includes one or more processors and memory resources, represented by memory 632, for storing instructions, such as applications, that are executable by the processing component 622. The application programs stored in memory 632 may include one or more modules that each correspond to a set of instructions. Further, the processing component 622 is configured to execute instructions to perform the above-described method for transmitting synchronized broadcast blocks.
The apparatus 600 may also include a power component 626 configured to perform power management of the apparatus 600, a wired or wireless network interface 650 configured to connect the apparatus 600 to a network, and an input/output (I/O) interface 658. The apparatus 600 may operate based on an operating system stored in the memory 632, such as Windows Server, Mac OS XTM, UnixTM, LinuxTM, FreeBSDTM, or the like.
In an exemplary embodiment, there is provided an apparatus for transmitting a synchronized broadcast block, including:
a processor;
a memory for storing processor-executable instructions;
wherein the processor is configured to:
detecting whether a channel at the current transmission time is idle or not so as to transmit a group of synchronous broadcast blocks; the set of synchronized broadcast blocks includes at least two synchronized broadcast blocks;
and when the channel is detected to be idle at the current transmission moment, the beam scanning transmits the group of synchronous broadcast blocks.
The processor may be further configured to:
the proportion of the time domain symbol number occupied by the group of synchronous broadcast blocks to the time domain symbol number contained in 1ms does not exceed a preset proportion range; the proportion range is 50% -70%.
The processor may be further configured to:
a plurality of synchronized broadcast blocks in a group are consecutive in symbols.
The processor may be further configured to:
one synchronization broadcast block occupies 2 time domain symbols or 4 time domain symbols.
The processor may be further configured to:
when one synchronous broadcast block occupies 4 time domain symbols, for a low frequency band, the group of synchronous broadcast blocks comprises two or 4 synchronous broadcast blocks; for high frequency bands, the set of synchronized broadcast blocks comprises 4 or 8 synchronized broadcast blocks;
when one synchronous broadcast block occupies 2 time domain symbols, for a low frequency band, the group of synchronous broadcast blocks comprises 4 or 8 synchronous broadcast blocks; for high frequency bands, the set of synchronized broadcast blocks includes 8 or 16 synchronized broadcast blocks.
A computer-readable storage medium in which instructions, when executed by a processor of an apparatus, enable the apparatus to perform the above-described method of transmitting a synchronized broadcast block, the method comprising:
detecting whether a channel at the current transmission time is idle or not so as to transmit a group of synchronous broadcast blocks; the set of synchronized broadcast blocks includes at least two synchronized broadcast blocks;
and when the channel is detected to be idle at the current transmission moment, the beam scanning transmits the group of synchronous broadcast blocks.
The instructions in the storage medium may further include:
the proportion of the time domain symbol number occupied by the group of synchronous broadcast blocks to the time domain symbol number contained in 1ms does not exceed a preset proportion range; the proportion range is 50% -70%.
The instructions in the storage medium may further include:
a plurality of synchronized broadcast blocks in a group are consecutive in symbols.
The instructions in the storage medium may further include:
one synchronization broadcast block occupies 2 time domain symbols or 4 time domain symbols.
The instructions in the storage medium may further include:
when one synchronous broadcast block occupies 4 time domain symbols, for a low frequency band, the group of synchronous broadcast blocks comprises two or 4 synchronous broadcast blocks; for high frequency bands, the set of synchronized broadcast blocks comprises 4 or 8 synchronized broadcast blocks;
when one synchronous broadcast block occupies 2 time domain symbols, for a low frequency band, the group of synchronous broadcast blocks comprises 4 or 8 synchronous broadcast blocks; for high frequency bands, the set of synchronized broadcast blocks includes 8 or 16 synchronized broadcast blocks.
Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the disclosure herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention following, in general, the principles of the invention and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the invention pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims.
It will be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise arrangements described above and shown in the drawings and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the invention is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A method for transmitting a synchronized broadcast block, the method being applied to an unlicensed frequency band, comprising:
detecting whether a channel at the current transmission time is idle or not so as to transmit a group of synchronous broadcast blocks; the set of synchronized broadcast blocks includes at least two synchronized broadcast blocks, a plurality of synchronized broadcast blocks in a set being consecutive in symbols; wherein the starting position of the group of synchronous broadcast blocks in one time slot is configured for a base station;
and when the channel is detected to be idle at the current transmission moment, the beam scanning transmits the group of synchronous broadcast blocks.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein a ratio of the number of time domain symbols occupied by a group of synchronized broadcast blocks to the number of time domain symbols contained in 1ms does not exceed a preset ratio range; the proportion range is 50% -70%.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein one synchronization broadcast block occupies 2 time domain symbols or 4 time domain symbols.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the set of synchronized broadcast blocks includes two or 4 synchronized broadcast blocks for a low frequency band when one synchronized broadcast block occupies 4 time domain symbols; for high frequency bands, the set of synchronized broadcast blocks comprises 4 or 8 synchronized broadcast blocks;
when one synchronous broadcast block occupies 2 time domain symbols, for a low frequency band, the group of synchronous broadcast blocks comprises 4 or 8 synchronous broadcast blocks; for high frequency bands, the set of synchronized broadcast blocks includes 8 or 16 synchronized broadcast blocks.
5. An apparatus for transmitting an isochronous broadcast block, the apparatus being applied to an unlicensed band, comprising:
the detection module is used for detecting whether a channel at the current sending time is idle or not so as to send a group of synchronous broadcast blocks; the set of synchronized broadcast blocks includes at least two synchronized broadcast blocks, a plurality of synchronized broadcast blocks in a set being consecutive in symbols; wherein the starting position of the group of synchronous broadcast blocks in one time slot is configured for a base station;
and the sending module is used for scanning and sending the group of synchronous broadcast blocks by the beams when the idle channel at the current sending time is detected.
6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein a ratio of the number of time domain symbols occupied by a group of synchronized broadcast blocks to the number of time domain symbols contained in 1ms does not exceed a preset ratio range; the proportion range is 50% -70%.
7. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein one synchronization broadcast block occupies 2 time domain symbols or 4 time domain symbols.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the set of synchronized broadcast blocks includes two or 4 synchronized broadcast blocks for a low frequency band when one synchronized broadcast block occupies 4 time domain symbols; for high frequency bands, the set of synchronized broadcast blocks comprises 4 or 8 synchronized broadcast blocks;
when one synchronous broadcast block occupies 2 time domain symbols, for a low frequency band, the group of synchronous broadcast blocks comprises 4 or 8 synchronous broadcast blocks; for high frequency bands, the set of synchronized broadcast blocks includes 8 or 16 synchronized broadcast blocks.
9. An apparatus for transmitting an isochronous broadcast block, the apparatus being applied to an unlicensed band, comprising:
a processor;
a memory for storing processor-executable instructions;
wherein the processor is configured to:
detecting whether a channel at the current transmission time is idle or not so as to transmit a group of synchronous broadcast blocks; the set of synchronized broadcast blocks includes at least two synchronized broadcast blocks, a plurality of synchronized broadcast blocks in a set being consecutive in symbols; wherein the starting position of the group of synchronous broadcast blocks in one time slot is configured for a base station;
and when the channel is detected to be idle at the current transmission moment, the beam scanning transmits the group of synchronous broadcast blocks.
10. A computer-readable storage medium having computer instructions stored thereon, wherein the instructions, when executed by a processor, implement the method of claims 1 to 4.
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