CN108513364A - Demand based on multichannel cooperative cooperating perceives MAC protocol optimization method - Google Patents

Demand based on multichannel cooperative cooperating perceives MAC protocol optimization method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108513364A
CN108513364A CN201810346717.XA CN201810346717A CN108513364A CN 108513364 A CN108513364 A CN 108513364A CN 201810346717 A CN201810346717 A CN 201810346717A CN 108513364 A CN108513364 A CN 108513364A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
vehicle
rsu
time slots
time slot
information
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Pending
Application number
CN201810346717.XA
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
赵海涛
朱银阳
段佳秀
高凯强
于洪苏
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Nanjing Post and Telecommunication University
Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications
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Nanjing Post and Telecommunication University
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Priority to CN201810346717.XA priority Critical patent/CN108513364A/en
Publication of CN108513364A publication Critical patent/CN108513364A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access, e.g. scheduled or random access
    • H04W74/02—Hybrid access techniques
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access, e.g. scheduled or random access
    • H04W74/04—Scheduled or contention-free access
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access, e.g. scheduled or random access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled or contention based access, e.g. random access, ALOHA, CSMA [Carrier Sense Multiple Access]
    • H04W74/0808—Non-scheduled or contention based access, e.g. random access, ALOHA, CSMA [Carrier Sense Multiple Access] using carrier sensing, e.g. as in CSMA
    • H04W74/0816—Non-scheduled or contention based access, e.g. random access, ALOHA, CSMA [Carrier Sense Multiple Access] using carrier sensing, e.g. as in CSMA carrier sensing with collision avoidance
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/30—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes
    • H04W4/40—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P]
    • H04W4/44—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P] for communication between vehicles and infrastructures, e.g. vehicle-to-cloud [V2C] or vehicle-to-home [V2H]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/30—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes
    • H04W4/40—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P]
    • H04W4/46—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P] for vehicle-to-vehicle communication [V2V]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
    • H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
    • H04W72/0446—Resources in time domain, e.g. slots or frames
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/20—Control channels or signalling for resource management
    • H04W72/21—Control channels or signalling for resource management in the uplink direction of a wireless link, i.e. towards the network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/20—Control channels or signalling for resource management
    • H04W72/23—Control channels or signalling for resource management in the downlink direction of a wireless link, i.e. towards a terminal

Abstract

The demand based on multichannel cooperative cooperating that the invention discloses a kind of perceiving MAC protocol optimization method, and method is applied in vehicle self-organizing network, and vehicle self-organizing network includes RSU and the vehicle in corresponding RSU signal covers, and method includes：For RSU according to the vehicle fleet size of current coverage range, RSU initializes the time slot of mac frame according to vehicle fleet size, and sends an inquiry data packet to all vehicles in DA time slots；If there is new vehicle to enter the coverage area of RSU, each newly sends report signal in DA time slots into vehicle to RSU, and RSU safeguards the vehicle fleet information in coverage area according to the report signal dynamics received；RSU prepares the next LI packet synchronous with current time slots, all vehicles being sent in RSU coverage areas according to each vehicle to the RES signals that RSU is fed back to；Vehicle in all RSU coverage areas carries out collisionless data transfer operation according to the information for including in LI packets by multichannel；Present invention dynamic is that vehicle divides time slot, reduces the probability of packet collisions.

Description

Demand based on multichannel cooperative cooperating perceives MAC protocol optimization method
Technical field
The present invention relates to car networking field of communication technology more particularly to a kind of demand perception based on multichannel cooperative cooperating MAC protocol optimization method.
Background technology
Increasingly paid attention in recent years by academia and industrial quarters about the research of VANET networks, is flowed with some The data safety and integrality of for example vehicle-mounted system for cloud computing of capable technology are studied together.VANET（Vehicular Ad-hoc NETwork, vehicular ad hoc network）Network is formed by connecting by ad hoc networks by vehicle, by roadside unit（road Side unit, RSU）And vehicular control unit（On board unit, OBU）Composition.OBU installations can be considered a shifting in the car Dynamic node, the basic communication form of vehicle can be divided into vehicle to vehicle (Vehicle to Vehicle, V2V) and vehicle to base Infrastructure (Vehicle to Infrastructure, V2I).WAVE is a kind of wireless communication association applied to VANET networks View, contains IEEE802.11p and 1609 protocol suites.Seven one of control channels of channel defined in WAVE（CCH）, six A service channel（SCH）.The length that the multichannel of IEEE 1609.4 defines synchronization time slot is 100ms, wherein being divided into CCH time slots （CCHI）With SCH time slots（SCHI）.Since topological structure dynamically changes in VANET networks, MAC protocol competition-based and solid Determine control channel time slot and service channel time slot, MAC protocol cannot effectively support delay sensitive and throughput sensitive application.
The road that is transmitted as of security message provides safety guarantee, and transmission frequency is generally 10Hz.In controlling time slot CCHI, Transmission is security information, and each vehicle node periodically sends security information in CCHI.Due to security information category In high level type of message, therefore a smaller competition window can be assigned.In denser network environment, collision frequency meeting Increase because competition window is too small, therefore road safety cannot be guaranteed.There is a kind of security message based on TDMA at present Transmission mechanism, the algorithm is mainly by vehicle switching time slot occupied information, to obtain the sky of themselves secure message transmissions Idle gap is mismatched this solution increases additional information and with IEEE802.11p.The slot length of security information is by vehicle Quantity determine, however under dense network secure data packet collision there is no reduce.The frequency that secure data packet is sent Changed, vehicle node increases secure data packet by sending additional security information in CCH channels during SCHI Reliability.
All it is the MAC protocol of fixed time slot mostly in the prior art, though this method improves link to a certain extent Handling capacity and reduce time delay, but due in VANET networks topological structure dynamically change, MAC protocol competition-based and solid Determine control channel time slot and service channel time slot, in fact during SCHI, some vehicle nodes may not monitor CCH's Security information.So the secure message transmissions time slot of fixed proportion is not suitable for the case where vehicle fleet size variation, it cannot be effective Support delay sensitive and throughput sensitive application.In this case, an effective MAC protocol is designed to improve VANETS nets The reliability and reduction channel delay of network are very important.
Invention content
It is a primary object of the present invention to solve topic existing in the prior art, provide a kind of based on multichannel collaboration conjunction The demand of work perceives MAC protocol optimization method, and specific technical solution is as follows：
A kind of demand perception MAC protocol optimization method based on multichannel cooperative cooperating, the method are applied to vehicle self-organizing In network, the vehicle self-organizing network includes RSU and the vehicle in corresponding RSU signal covers, which is characterized in that institute The method of stating includes step：
S1：For RSU according to the vehicle fleet size of current coverage range, RSU initializes the time slot of mac frame according to vehicle fleet size, and DA time slots send an inquiry data packet to all vehicles；
S2：If there is new vehicle to enter the coverage area of RSU, each newly sends report signal in DA time slots into vehicle to RSU, RSU safeguards the vehicle fleet information in coverage area according to the report signal dynamics received；
S3：RSU prepares the next LI packet synchronous with current time slots according to each vehicle to the RES signals that RSU is fed back to, and sends All vehicles in RSU coverage areas；
S4：Vehicle in all RSU coverage areas carries out collisionless data according to the information for including in LI packets by multichannel Transmission operation.
Further, further include step, judge whether each vehicle needs to send into row information, if the vehicle has Information needs to send, then carries out time slot distribution to vehicle according to RSU the and RES signals, and if RSU when not carried out to vehicle Slot reservation then places vehicle in next time slot；If the vehicle is sent without information, each vehicle maintains described in original The time slot of RSU distribution is communicated.
Further, newly need to obtain what the RSU was executed into vehicle into described in the RSU signal covers Certification, to ensure that the transmission opportunity of security information can be obtained.
Further, each edge indicates weight, the time slot between vertex set in the bipartite graph and weighting bipartite graph Including CRP time slots and SCHI time slots, the vehicle is introduced into CRP time slots, enters SCHI time slots afterwards.
Further, the RSU carries out time slot distribution and adjustment according to the Number dynamics of the vehicle.
The present invention is based on the demands based on multichannel cooperative cooperating to perceive MAC protocol optimization method, is counted first by RSU Vehicle number in its coverage area, and broadcast safe inquires that data packet, RSU are dynamically drawn according to the information of vehicle feedback to vehicle Time-division slot, to realize the probability of data collisionless transmission；It is new to enter meanwhile when new vehicle enters in the coverage area of RSU Vehicle need obtain RSU execute certification, to obtain the transmission opportunity of security information；Compared with prior art, the present invention is logical It crosses RSU and carrys out broadcast safe information, the information of vehicles in RSU coverage areas is collected in SCHI time slots transmission DA inquiry data packets, There is the vehicle that security message will send or receive by preengaging CCH time slots and passing through multichannel reserving machine in SCHI time slots simultaneously System realizes collisionless non-secure data transmission；Appropriate slot values are arranged using dynamic adjustment time slot in the present invention, fit For in vehicle self-organizing network environment；Present invention reduces the probability of collision and secure data packet delay, improve channel Handling capacity realizes the collisionless transmission of channel.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow diagram of the method for the invention；
Fig. 2 ~ Fig. 4 is the report of vehicle and inquiry process signal in the method for the invention；
Fig. 5 is that DA-MAC slot models are illustrated in the method for the invention.
Specific implementation mode
In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the present invention, below in conjunction in the embodiment of the present invention Attached drawing, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described.Obviously, described embodiment is only A part of the embodiment of the present invention gives presently preferred embodiments of the present invention instead of all the embodiments in attached drawing.The present invention can To realize in many different forms, however it is not limited to embodiment described herein, on the contrary, provide the mesh of these embodiments Be to make the disclosure of the present invention more thorough and comprehensive.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, the common skill in this field The every other embodiment that art personnel are obtained without creative efforts belongs to the model that the present invention protects It encloses.
Refering to fig. 1, in embodiments of the present invention, a kind of demand perception MAC associations based on multichannel cooperative cooperating are provided Optimization method is discussed, the method is applied in vehicle self-organizing network, and vehicle self-organizing network includes RSU and believes in corresponding RSU Vehicle in number coverage area, each vehicle in RSU coverage areas are considered as a vehicle node；Come especially by RSUs wide Security queries data packet is broadcast, by shifting to an earlier date reservation control time slot, the transmission of vehicle node emergence message is realized, is based on secure data Demand dynamic divide time slot, promote each node to can be transferred through the dynamic dispatching of RSU, sequentially broadcast safe information；Tool Steps are as follows for body method：
S1：For RSU according to the vehicle fleet size of current coverage range, RSU initializes the time slot of mac frame according to vehicle fleet size, and DA time slots send an inquiry data packet to all vehicles；
Specifically, the method in the present invention passes through formula nnew=V·D·TSITo calculate the vehicle in current RSU signal covers Number, wherein V, D and T in formulaSISpeed, the length of traffic density and synchronization time slot are indicated respectively.
S2：If there is new vehicle to enter the coverage area of RSU, each newly sends report letter in DA time slots into vehicle to RSU Number, RSU safeguards the vehicle fleet information in coverage area according to the report signal dynamics received；And S3：RSU is according to each Vehicle prepares the next LI packet synchronous with current time slots to the RES signals that RSU is fed back to, and is sent in RSU coverage areas All vehicles；
In the present invention, newly into the vehicle of RSU coverage areas in order to obtain the transmission opportunity of security information, they must be obtained The certification that RSU is executed, detailed process see Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4；SCHI time slots are illustrated in figure 2, in embodiment, a frame Including an inquiry time slot and subsequent time slot, RSU can estimate the quantity for just entering vehicle in coverage area, when the timeslot number of frame Amount is optimal solution when being equal to the vehicle number just come in, and RSU determines the size of initial frame, and one is sent during inquiring time slot Data packet is inquired, when vehicle receives inquiry data packet, what they can be random selects a time slot to transmit peace in SMP periods Then full data packet can assign same amount of time slot after DA；The vehicle just entered in coverage area can be given in DA time slots Current RSU sends a report signal so that RSU dynamically safeguards the information of vehicle fleet in coverage area；RSU collects quilt The information of vehicle is covered, and prepares LI packets for next synchronization time slot, refering to report process shown in Fig. 3：Terminate it in SCHI Afterwards, RSU broadcasts LI packets, and the transfer of security data orderly in SMP in the LIBP time slots of next synchronization time slot；Because of LI packets The transmission sequence of secure data is contained, vehicle, which receives LI packets, can determine the transmission time slot of oneself, and the length of SMP will be with transmission The quantity of secure data packet is equal.
S4：Vehicle in all RSU coverage areas is carried out according to the information for including in LI packets by multichannel collisionless Data transfer operation.
In embodiments of the present invention, SMP periods are entered after LIBP, at this point, the vehicle for having distributed time slot will be according to The LI package informatins that RSU is sent carry out orderly broadcasting van security information；Specifically, vehicle node passes through competition in CRP time slots Reserved SCHs carrys out transmission data, and passes through three-way handshake mechanism：Request（REQ）, response（RES）With RSU coordination data packets（RC） To complete；A REQ data packet can be first sent out to destination node in the node for having data to send, if destination node is properly received To REQ signal, a RES data packet will be replied.RSU, which listens to these data packets, will broadcast RC data packets to tell it to cover All vehicles within the scope of lid are reserved successfully, and all nodes will safeguard the SCH channel informations reserved；The node of competition REQ data packets are sent, SCH channels is selected wherein to contain the information of channel reservation；Node selection one is least crowded SCHs, if SCHs, without occupied, node will randomly choose, this process will carry out in CRP time slots.
In SCHI time slots, SCHs transmission data packets can be transferred to by having reserved successful node, because each node is accurate Orderly occupancy SCH, so what vehicle node transmission data was ordered into；In conjunction with Fig. 5, what SCH1 data transmissions were reserved is node 4 It is the data transmission that node 5 arrives node 4 later to 5 transmission data of node.That SCH2 channels are reserved first is V2-V3, Zhi Houshi V3-RSU.SCHI starts new synchronization time slot after terminating.We assume that when node 1 is successfully subscribed to node 6 in Fig. 1 Gap.Therefore vehicle in their secure data packet of SMP time slots ordered broadcast, some of vehicles due to walking out RSU coverage areas, It is unable to transfer of security data.RSU is by monitoring all time slots of these nodes, if 1 time slot of node is ceaselessly in the free time, RSU will judge that egress 1 has moved out its coverage area and except next LI data packets are by it.
The present invention is based on the demands of more letter cooperative cooperatings to perceive MAC protocol optimization method, counts its covering by RSU first Vehicle number in range, and broadcast safe inquires data packet, when RSU is dynamically divided according to the information of vehicle feedback to vehicle Gap, to realize the probability of data collisionless transmission；Meanwhile when new vehicle enters in the coverage area of RSU, the vehicle that newly enters It needs to obtain the certification that RSU is executed, to obtain the transmission opportunity of security information；Compared with prior art, the present invention passes through RSU Carry out broadcast safe information, sends DA inquiry data packets to collect the information of vehicles in RSU coverage areas in SCHI time slots, have simultaneously The vehicle that security message will send or receive is by preengaging CCH time slots and being realized by multichannel future mechanism in SCHI time slots Collisionless non-secure data transmission；Appropriate slot values are arranged using dynamic adjustment time slot in the present invention, are suitable for vehicle In self-organizing network environment；Present invention reduces the probability of collision and secure data packet delay, improve the handling capacity of channel, Realize the collisionless transmission of channel.
The foregoing is merely a prefered embodiment of the invention, the scope of the claims of the present invention is not intended to limit, although with reference to aforementioned reality Applying example, invention is explained in detail, still can be to aforementioned each tool for those skilled in the art comes Technical solution recorded in body embodiment is modified, or carries out equivalence replacement to which part technical characteristic.Every profit The equivalent structure made of description of the invention and accompanying drawing content is directly or indirectly used in other related technical areas, Similarly within scope of patent protection of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. the demand based on multichannel cooperative cooperating perceives MAC protocol optimization method, the method is applied to vehicle self-organizing net In network, the vehicle self-organizing network includes RSU and the vehicle in corresponding RSU signal covers, which is characterized in that described Method includes step：
S1：For RSU according to the vehicle fleet size of current coverage range, RSU initializes the time slot of mac frame according to vehicle fleet size, and DA time slots send an inquiry data packet to all vehicles；
S2：If there is new vehicle to enter the coverage area of RSU, each newly sends report signal in DA time slots into vehicle to RSU, RSU safeguards the vehicle fleet information in coverage area according to the report signal dynamics received；
S3：RSU prepares the next LI packet synchronous with current time slots according to each vehicle to the RES signals that RSU is fed back to, and sends All vehicles in RSU coverage areas；
S4：Vehicle in all RSU coverage areas carries out collisionless data according to the information for including in LI packets by multichannel Transmission operation.
2. the demand according to claim 1 based on multichannel cooperative cooperating perceives MAC protocol optimization method, feature exists In, further include step, judges whether each vehicle needs to send into row information, if the vehicle has information to need to send, Then according to RSU the and RES signals to vehicle carry out time slot distribution, and if RSU not to vehicle carry out slot reservations, by vehicle It places in next time slot；If the vehicle is sent without information, each vehicle maintain the time slot of the former RSU distribution into Row communication.
3. the demand according to claim 1 based on multichannel cooperative cooperating perceives MAC protocol optimization method, feature exists In newly needing to obtain the certification that the RSU is executed into vehicle into described in the RSU signal covers, with ensure can To obtain the transmission opportunity of security information.
4. the demand according to claim 1 based on multichannel cooperative cooperating perceives MAC protocol optimization method, feature exists Each edge indicates weight between vertex set in, the bipartite graph and weighting bipartite graph, the time slot include CRP time slots and SCHI time slots, the vehicle are introduced into CRP time slots, enter SCHI time slots afterwards.
5. the demand according to claim 1 based on multichannel cooperative cooperating perceives MAC protocol optimization method, feature exists In the RSU carries out time slot distribution and adjustment according to the Number dynamics of the vehicle.
CN201810346717.XA 2018-04-18 2018-04-18 Demand based on multichannel cooperative cooperating perceives MAC protocol optimization method Pending CN108513364A (en)

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Cited By (1)

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Application publication date: 20180907