CN108511925A - A kind of mirror image 3D MIMO half-wave antennas arrays and array method for building up - Google Patents
A kind of mirror image 3D MIMO half-wave antennas arrays and array method for building up Download PDFInfo
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- CN108511925A CN108511925A CN201710109327.6A CN201710109327A CN108511925A CN 108511925 A CN108511925 A CN 108511925A CN 201710109327 A CN201710109327 A CN 201710109327A CN 108511925 A CN108511925 A CN 108511925A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a kind of mirror image 3D MIMO half-wave antennas arrays and array method for building up, mirror image 3D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays include：2D MIMO half-wave antennas arrays and speculum；The 2D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays are set to the mirrored sides of the speculum；Wherein, the virtual image that the 2D MIMO close-spaced antenna arrays are listed in the speculum forms mirror image 3D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays with the 2D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays.The embodiment of the present invention is by using mirror image technology, on the basis of 2D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays, increase a speculum, make 2D MIMO half-wave antennas array that can generate the virtual image behind mirror mirror, form mirror image 3D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays, cost, technology, volume and weight and 2D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays are very nearly the same, but wave beam forming is much better than 2D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays.
Description
Technical field
The present embodiments relate to fields of communication technology, and in particular to a kind of mirror image 3D MIMO half-wave antennas arrays and battle array
Row method for building up.
Background technology
Traditional 2D MIMO half-wave antenna array technology maturations, but the shaped-beam that antenna generates is in the propagation direction
Secondary lobe is generally big with main lobe, radiation energy has not only been lost, but also there may be interference.Existing 3D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays
Wave beam forming and directionality work well, even only there are two the 3D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays of array element, waves for transmission direction
Beam figuration equally have adjacent array element three distances and the parameters such as three phase differences for system call interception, in functions such as wave beam formings
In terms of processing, still there is fabulous adjustability, but since it is desired that three-dimensional array element controls, and array element number is more, control technology
It is complex with hardware structure.
During realizing the embodiment of the present invention, inventor has found the wave beam of existing 2D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays
Figuration effect is undesirable, and the technical difficulty of existing 3D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays is larger, and cost is higher, volume and weight
It is larger.
Invention content
Since the wave beam forming effect of existing 2D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays is undesirable, and existing 3D MIMO half-waves
The technical difficulty of aerial array is larger, the problem that cost is higher, volume and weight is larger, and the embodiment of the present invention proposes a kind of mirror image
3D MIMO half-wave antennas arrays and array method for building up.
In a first aspect, the embodiment of the present invention also proposes a kind of mirror image 3D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays, including：2D MIMO half
Wave antenna array and speculum；
The 2D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays are set to the mirrored sides of the speculum；
Wherein, the 2D MIMO close-spaced antenna arrays are listed in the virtual image in the speculum and the 2D MIMO half-wave antennas
Array forms mirror image 3D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays.
Optionally, the distance of the 2D MIMO half-wave antennas array and the speculum is less than 0.5 λ, wherein λ is described
The wavelength of electromagnetic wave in 2D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays.
Optionally, the distance of the 2D MIMO half-wave antennas array and the speculum is 0.125 λ.
Optionally, the virtual image emulates shape with the 2D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays using Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method FDTD
It is mirrored into 3D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays.
Optionally, the speculum is speculum.
Second aspect, the embodiment of the present invention propose a kind of mirror image 3D MIMO half-wave antenna array method for building up, including：
Determine the distance of the 2D MIMO half-wave antennas array and the speculum；
According to the distance, the 2D MIMO half-wave antennas array and the speculum are set；
The virtual image and the 2D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays are emulated, establish mirror image 3D MIMO close-spaced antenna arrays
Row.
Optionally, the distance of the determination 2D MIMO half-wave antennas array and the speculum, specifically includes：
According to main lobe maximum value and main lobe angle, the 2D MIMO half-wave antennas array and the speculum are determined
Distance.
Optionally, the virtual image is emulated with the 2D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays, and establish mirror image 3D MIMO half-waves
Aerial array specifically includes：
The virtual image and the 2D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays are emulated using the FDTD, establish mirror image 3D
MIMO half-wave antenna arrays.
As shown from the above technical solution, the embodiment of the present invention is by using mirror image technology, in 2D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays
On the basis of, increase a speculum, makes 2D MIMO half-wave antennas array that can generate the virtual image, shape behind mirror mirror
3D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays are mirrored into, cost, technology, volume and weight and 2D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays are very nearly the same,
But wave beam forming is much better than 2D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays.
Description of the drawings
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technology description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this
Some embodiments of invention for those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, can be with
Other attached drawings are obtained according to these figures.
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural schematic diagram for mirror image 3D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays that one embodiment of the invention provides；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the first antenna for the Hertz antenna that one embodiment of the invention provides；
Fig. 3 is first antenna schematic diagram of the Straight Wire Antenna radiation field that provides of one embodiment of the invention at P；
Fig. 4 is the mirror image schematic diagram of half-wave antenna before the minute surface that one embodiment of the invention provides；
Fig. 5 is the α that one embodiment of the invention providesx=0 °, αy=-60 °, αz=0 °, 2 × 1 × 2 mirror image 3D MIMO half-waves
Aerial array propagates schematic diagram and direction schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 is that 2 × 1 × 2 mirror image 3D MIMO close-spaced antenna arrays that one embodiment of the invention provides are listed in αx=0 °, αy=-
60°、αzLobe and d at=0 °yRelation schematic diagram；
Fig. 7 is that 2 × 1 × 2 mirror image 3D MIMO close-spaced antenna arrays that one embodiment of the invention provides are listed in αx=100 °, αy
=-60 °, αzLobe and d at=0 °yRelation schematic diagram；
Fig. 8 is that 2 × 1 × 2 mirror image 3D MIMO close-spaced antenna arrays that one embodiment of the invention provides are listed in αx=0 °, αy=-
60°、αzLobe and d at=100 °yRelation schematic diagram；
Fig. 9 is the mirror image 3D MIMO half-wave antenna array architecture schematic diagrames that one embodiment of the invention provides；
Figure 10 is the schematic diagram of Yee cellulars in the FDTD algorithms that one embodiment of the invention provides；
Figure 11 is the α that one embodiment of the invention providesx=0 °, αy=0 °, αz=0 °, 2 × 2 × 2 3D MIMO half-wave antennas
Array propagates schematic diagram and direction schematic diagram；
Figure 12 is the α that one embodiment of the invention providesx=0 °, αy=-120 °, αz=0 °, 2 × 2 × 2 3D MIMO half-waves
Aerial array propagates schematic diagram and direction schematic diagram；
Figure 13 is that a kind of flow for mirror image 3D MIMO half-wave antenna array method for building up that one embodiment of the invention provides is shown
It is intended to；
Figure 14 is the logic diagram of electronic equipment in one embodiment of the invention.
Specific implementation mode
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the specific implementation mode of the present invention is further described.Following embodiment is only used for more
Technical scheme of the present invention is clearly demonstrated, and not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 shows a kind of structural schematic diagram of mirror image 3D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays provided in this embodiment, including：
2D MIMO half-wave antennas array 101 and speculum 102；
The 2D MIMO half-wave antennas array 101 is set to the mirrored sides of the speculum 102；
Wherein, the virtual image of the 2D MIMO half-wave antennas array 101 in the speculum 102 and the 2D MIMO half
Wave antenna array 101 forms mirror image 3D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays.
Wherein, 2D MIMO close-spaced antenna arrays are classified as the half-wave antenna array of two-dimentional multiple-input and multiple-output；3D MIMO half-waves
Aerial array is the half-wave antenna array of three-dimensional multiple-input and multiple-output.
Specifically, it is half-wave antenna that half-wave antenna array, which refers to array elements, and so-called half-wave antenna refers to that antenna length is
The symmetrical line antenna of half-wavelength, and the Straight Wire Antenna of a finite length can be regarded as in the radiation field of space point by nothing
The superposition of radiation field of the poor first antenna at this.It is d that so-called member antenna, which refers to length,z, evenly distributing electric current be I IdzFirst electricity
The antenna of stream effect.Since elementary current very little, first antenna are very short, relatively far away from receiving area can be by first antenna as one
Fundamental radiation oscillator.Fig. 1 show situation of first antenna in rectangular coordinate system and spherical coordinate system, it is not difficult to find that first antenna exists
At a distanceThe electric field of point can be reduced to Er、Eθ、Three components.
According to antenna theory, the analysis foundation of half-wave antenna array is half-wave antenna, and the analysis foundation of half-wave antenna is straight
The analysis foundation of wire antenna, Straight Wire Antenna is first antenna, and first antenna is the analysis foundation of all antenna systems.
According to Theory of Electromagnetic Field, in Fig. 2 coordinate systems, along the vector position that the elementary current I of Z axis is generated at P in first antenna
(vector potential) is represented by：
Vector A can be equally decomposed into spherical coordinate system
Since spherical coordinates and rectangular coordinates transformation matrix are：
From can be seen that the cartesian component of vector position of first antenna at P has A in Fig. 2Ax=Ay=0, according to formula (2)
Can be A in the hope of the spherical coordinates component of vector position of first antenna at Pr=AzCos θ, Aθ=AzSin θ,
Again because electric field E and magnetic field H and the relationship of vector position A are：
The spherical coordinates component that electromagnetic field of first antenna at P can be obtained according to formula (3) is：
In formulaPermittivity of vacuum ε0=8.854 × 10-12F/m, magnetic permeability μ0=4 π × 10-7H/m,
Wave number k=2 π/λ, medium wave resistance η=√ (μ/ε), vacuum wave resistance η0=120 π Ω.
Since formula (4) is complex, only simplify approximate analysis as far-field region thus.So-called far-field region refers to P institutes
Meet kr in position>>At this moment 1 condition need to only retain 1/r in electromagnetic field component, other items are negligible, so
In far-field region onlyAnd EθTwo components, ErComponent is ignored, i.e.,：
According to (5) formula, electromagnetic field of first antenna in far-field region only has EθWithTwo components, symmetrical line antenna is considered as
It is added up by infinite first antenna, as shown in figure 3, asking at far fieldThe electric field E of pointθ.If P points are located at far-field region, and antenna
The wavelength of signal exciting current is λ, amplitude Im, and it is directed toward Z axis forward direction, according to antenna theory, symmetrical line antenna at this moment
On electric current can be approximated to be Triangle-Profile, i.e. the exciting current of signal is I (z)=I when z >=0msink(l-z)、z<When 0
The exciting current of signal is I (z)=ImSink (l+z), according to formula (9), current elements on symmetrical line antenna (or first day
Line) IdzIn far-field region, the radiated electric field of P points can be expressed as：
Wherein, first antenna IdzDistance away from far-field region P points is：
Due to R2=x2+y2+z2, z=Rcos θ, then distance r be represented by again：To r value binomial expansions, preceding two approximations are taken, then r ≈ R-z'
cosθ.For distance, there are r ≈ R establishments in far-field region, and for phase, there are r ≈ R-z'cos θ establishments in far-field region, is substituted into (6) formula
：
Obviously, radiated electric field of first antenna in far-field region is only related to the inclination angle theta of antenna and distance R.To antenna length 2L
Integral, then symmetrical line antenna is represented by the electric field of far-field region P points：
If to E (θ) Modulus of access, haveF (θ) is side of the symmetrical line antenna in far-field region in formula
To figure function, it is represented by：
If the maximum value of symmetrical line antenna radiation pattern function is fm, then symmetrical line antenna normalized radiation pattern function
For：F θ)=f (θ)/fm, or：
It is half-wave antenna or half-wave dipole as the length 2L=λ/2 of symmetrical line antenna, at this moment kL=pi/2s, take fm=
1, half-wave antenna pattern function is：
If will produce the half-wave antenna virtual image before half-wave antenna is placed on metallic mirror surface, after minute surface, as shown in Figure 4.It can be with
Find out, the electromagnetic field in front of the minute surface at P points is generated by half-wave antenna and half-wave antenna virtual image superposition.If half-wave antenna
Vibration source electric current is I, away from minute surface d in Y directiony, vibration source initial phase αy, according to Theory of Electromagnetic Field, not only vibration source and the vibration source virtual image it
Between spacing be 2dy, vibration source and the phase difference of the vibration source virtual image are also 2 αy.So if making XYZ coordinate on minute surface as shown in Figure 3
System, takes ψy=αy+kdySin θ sin φ, then electric field of the vibration source at P be represented by E=Ie+αx+jkdysinθsinφ=Ie+jψyIf instead
Penetrate that face is lossless, then electric field of the vibration source virtual image at P is represented by E`=I`e-αx-jkdysinθsinφ=Ie-αx-jkdysinθsinφ=
Ie-jψy。
Similarly, if two-dimentional half-wave antenna array is placed in d before metallic mirror surfaceyPlace, equally can be in the d after minute surfaceyPlace obtains
One two-dimentional half-wave antenna array virtual image (as shown in Figure 1), formation one are physically two dimensions, are the mirror image three of three-dimensional in logic
Tie up half-wave antenna array.Although the mirror image three-dimensional close-spaced antenna array be listed in the array element in Y-axis only there are two, by adjusting vibration source
With the spacing d of minute surfaceyWith initial phase α of the vibration source in Y-axisy, can equally obtain as three-dimensional half-wave antenna array in Y
Wave beam forming effect in axis direction.Unlike, the d of mirror image three-dimensional half-wave antenna arrayyAnd αyParameter value is three-dimensional half
The half of wave antenna array.
It is first analyzed below away from d before minute surfaceyTwo-dimensional physical half-wave antenna array in the XZ planes at place：
If X-axis adjacent antenna exciting current phase difference is αx, Y-axis antenna excitation electric current first phase is αy, Z axis adjacent antenna swash
It is α to encourage current and phase differencez, since two-dimentional half-wave antenna array is away from mirror reflection face dy, so the 1st array of the 1st row member in X-axis
Exciting current is I11e+jψy, the 2nd array member exciting current of the 1st row be I12=I11ejαx+jψy..., the 1st row n-thxArray member encourages
Electric current is I1nx=I1ej(nx-1)αx+jψy, the 1st array member exciting current of the 2nd row be I21=I11ejαz+jψy, the 2nd array member of the 2nd row swash
It is I to encourage electric current22=I21ejαx=I11ej(αx+αz)+jψy..., the 2nd row n-thxArray member exciting current is I2nx=I21ej(nx-1)αx=
I11ej[(nx-1)αx+αz]+jψy..., n-thzThe 1st array member exciting current of row is Inz1=I11ej(nz-1)αz+jψy, n-thzRow the 2nd array member
Exciting current is Inz2=Inz1ejαx=I11ej[(nz-1)αz+αx]+jψy..., n-thzRow n-thxArray member exciting current is Inznx=
Inz1ej(nx-1)αx=I11ej[(nx-1)αx+(nz-1)αz]+jψy, then the electric field that each array element independently generates can be expressed as：
Due to r>>Nd takes first approximation to its Taylor expansion, can define plural number intermediate value：
Similarly, it also can define denominator real number intermediate value
r12≈…≈r1nx≈…≈r21≈…≈r2nx≈…≈rnznx≈r11 (14)
(13) and (14) formula is substituted into (12) to obtain：
Definition：
ψz=αz+kdzcosθ (17)
(15) formula is superimposed, and (16) and (17) formula is substituted into：
Due to I21=I11ejαz、…、Inz1=I11ej(nz-1)αz, r in denominator21≈…≈rnz1≈r11, plural number in r21≈r11-
dzcosθ、…、rnz1≈r11-(nz-1)dzCos θ, then have：
It is superimposed electric field of all array elements at P in half-wave antenna array：
E=E1+E2+…
+Enz=E11[(1-ejNxψx)ejψy/(1-ejψx)]+E21[(1-ejNxψx)ejψy/(1-ejψx)]+…
+Enz1[(1-ejNxψx)ejψy/(1-ejψx)]
=E0I11/r11e-jkr11[cos(π/2cosθ)/sinθ][(1-ejNxψx)/(1-ejψx)]ejψy[(1-ejNzψz)/(1-
ejψz)] (20)
It is analyzed again away from d after metallic mirror surfaceyThe two-dimentional half-wave antenna array virtual image in the XZ planes at place.
According to image theory, by formula (20), all array element virtual images of the two-dimentional half-wave antenna array virtual image are total at P
Electric field can be expressed as：
E`=E0I11/r11e-jkr11[cos(π/2cosθ)/sinθ][(1-ejNxψx)/(1-ejψx)]e-jψy[(1-ejNzψz)/
(1-ejψz)] (21)
Finally, two-dimentional half-wave antenna array and the two-dimentional half-wave antenna array virtual image common resultant field at P are represented by：
Es=E+E`=E0I11/r11e-jkr11[cos(π/2cosθ)/sinθ][(1-ejNxψx)/(1-ejψx)]
[(1-ejNzψz)/(1-ejψz)](ejψy+e-jψy) (22)
According to formula ejθ=cos θ+jsin θ, e-jθ=cos θ-jsin θ, (26) formula are represented by：
Es=E0I11/r11e-jkr11[cos(π/2cosθ)/sinθ][(1-ejNxψx)/(1-ejψx)][(1-ejNzψz)/(1-e
jψz)][2cosψy]
It takes absolute value, obtains：
| E |=| E0I11/r11e-jkr11|[cos(π/2cosθ)/sinθ][sin(Nxψx/2)/sin(ψx/2)][sin(Nzψz
/2)/sin(ψz/2)]2cosψy (23)
So the pattern function of mirror image three-dimensional half-wave antenna array is represented by：
The normalized radiation pattern function of mirror image three-dimensional half-wave antenna array is：
Obviously, [cos (pi/2 cos θ)/sin θ] is the pattern function of half-wave antenna, [sin (Nxψx/2)/sin(ψx/2)]
It is the array factor of the parallel element along X-axis, [sin (Nzψz/2)/sin(ψ z/ 2)] be coaxial oscillator along Z axis array factor,
[2cosψy] be array element and the array element virtual image in Y-axis array factor.It should be noted that adjacent two array element spacing in Y-axis array factor
It is 2dy, that is to say, that it is this that two-dimentional half-wave antenna array is converted to by mirror image three-dimensional close-spaced antenna array by mirror reflection mode
The thickness of row, the half of only three-dimensional half-wave antenna array thickness.
In addition, the pattern function of three-dimensional half-wave antenna array is：
As (25) formula, the normalized radiation pattern function of three-dimensional half-wave antenna array is：
In fact, three-dimensional half-wave antenna array direction figure function can be used, mirror image three-dimensional half-wave antenna array direction figure is released
Function.Take Ny=2, dy=2dy`, αy=2 αy`, then ψy=αy+kdySin θ sin φ=2 αy`+k2dy`sin θ sin φ=2 ψy`,
Substituted into Section 2 Y-axis array factor [sin (N in (26) formulayψy/2)/sin(ψy/ 2) it can be obtained in]：
[sin(Nyψy/2)/sin(ψy/ 2)]=[sin (2 ψy`)/sin(ψy`)]=2cos (ψy`) (28)
(28) formula is substituted into (26) formula again, you can obtain (24) formula.So from the point of view of analytically analyzing, mirror image three-dimensional half-wave
Aerial array is actually Y-axis only there are two the three-dimensional half-wave antenna array of array element, and mirror image three-dimensional half-wave antenna array
Parameter dyWith α y, only Y-axis only has the half of the corresponding parameter of three-dimensional half-wave antenna array of two array elements.
If wave frequency is f=6GHz, wavelength is λ=c/f, c=3 × 108For the light velocity in vacuum.If 3D MIMO half
Array number of the wave antenna array elements in X, Y, Z axis is Nx=2, Ny=2, Nz=2, the spacing of each adjacent array element be dx=λ/
2、dy=λ/4, dzThe phase difference of=0.6 λ, each adjacent array element are αx=0 °, αy=0 °~-120 °, αz=0 °.According to formula
(27), the normalized radiation pattern for acquiring 3D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays can be parsed, is seen shown in Fig. 5 D, 11D.
If taking spatial mesh size Dx=Dy=Dz=λ/24, time step Dt=Dx/ (2c), then array element spacing dx=12 cellulars,
dy=6 cellulars, dz=14 cellulars.If 8 cellular of the regions PML, array element active area and 42 cellular of resultant field section, then FDTD is in three-dimensional space
Between cellular number be respectively sx=112, sy=106, sz=114.Consider microcomputer memory space and cpu performance, takes time iteration number
400.According to formula (29), (30), with FDTD and absorbing boundary PML emulation is exactly matched, 3D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays can be obtained
Electromagenetic wave radiation figure and directional diagram are shown in Fig. 6~7 shown in A~C figures.
From Fig. 6~7 as can be seen that in 3D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays, phase difference α between Y-axis array elementy, determine that wave beam exists
Distribution in Y-axis, works as αyMajor-minor lobe is identical at=0 °, is distributed in Y-axis both ends；Work as αySecondary lobe is minimum at=- 120 °, main lobe point
Cloth is shown in Fig. 6-7 in Y-axis forward direction.So the directionality of 3D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays is fabulous, d can be passed throughx、dy、dz、αx、αy、
αzSix parameters facilitate adjustment wave beam forming.
If array number of the 2D MIMO half-wave antennas array elements on X, Z axis is Nx=2, Nz=2, adjacent array element spacing point
It Wei not λ/2 dx=, dz=0.6 λ, adjacent array element phase difference is respectively αx=0 °, αz=0 °.If 2D MIMO half-wave antennas arrays with
The distance of metal silver specular is d belowy=λ/8, array element are α in the first phase of Y-axisy=-60 °.According to formula (25), parsing acquires
The normalized radiation pattern of mirror image 3D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays, is shown in shown in Figure 12 D.
According to spatial mesh size as above, array element spacing dx=12 cellulars, dz=14 cellulars, 2D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays
With minute surface distance dy=3 cellulars.Take metallic silver as speculum, conductivityσAg=6.25 × 107Siemens/rice, it is also possible to copper
σCu=5.88 × 107With aluminium σAl=3.72 × 107, to reduce cost.According to formula (29), (30), with FDTD and exactly match
Absorbing boundary PML emulation, can obtain the electromagenetic wave radiation figure and directional diagram of mirror image 3D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays, see Fig. 5 A~5C
It is shown.
The structure of mirror image 3D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays includes mainly from top to bottom：Protect shell, array element, array element
The elements such as holder, metal coating mirror surface, substrate, phased power amplifier between supporting surface, array element face and mirror surface integrate face
With the components such as bottom plate as shell rear surface, the components such as array element supporting surface therein, holder are enhancement engineering plastic components, holder
It is connect with the interface of supporting surface with nonmetallic screw interface card of exempting from, entire array element supporting surface and holder are connected in addition to array element with information
All it is reinforced plastics component outside line, the line of all array elements on array element supporting surface and the integrated component behind mirror reflection face,
It is to be laid by antenna casing edge using integrated parallel data line, it is few except having between array element supporting surface and the anti-mirror face of mirror image
It measures outside non-metal frame, without any other metal parts that can generate interference to electromagnetic wave, to ensure mirror surface pair
The mirror reflection effect of array elements.
The embodiment of the present invention is by using mirror image technology, on the basis of 2D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays, increases by one instead
Mirror is penetrated, makes 2D MIMO half-wave antennas array that can generate the virtual image behind mirror mirror, forms mirror image 3D MIMO half-waves day
Linear array, cost, technology, volume and weight and 2D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays are very nearly the same, but wave beam forming is much better than 2D
MIMO half-wave antenna arrays.
Further, on the basis of the above embodiments, the 2D MIMO half-wave antennas array and the speculum away from
From less than 0.5 λ, wherein λ is the wavelength of electromagnetic wave in the 2D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays.
Specifically, the key technical indexes of mirror image 3D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays is the 2D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays
The distance between speculum dy.The performance of mirror image 3D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays is mainly the effect of lobe, i.e., main
Valve intensity is the bigger the better, main lobe angle is the smaller the better, the fewer secondary lobe smaller the better.The wave beam effect and wave beam of half-wave antenna array
Azimuth it is related with inclination angle, when azimuth be 90 ° or αxAt=0 °, the secondary lobe of horizontal lobe is almost 0；When inclination angle is 90 °
Or αzAt=0 °, the secondary lobe of vertical lobe is almost 0, is seen shown in Fig. 8 C.And work as αx≠ 0 ° or αzAt ≠ 0 °, horizontal lobe or vertical
Straight lobe all generates secondary lobe, and angle absolute value is bigger, and the intensity of secondary lobe is bigger, and the quantity of secondary lobe is more or even secondary lobe intensity
More than main lobe.But spacing d is adjusted by appropriatenessy, the azimuth and inclination angle of array beams can be obtained in adjusting range appropriate
Obtain preferable lobe effect.
Take array basic parameter f=6GHz, Nx=2, Nz=2, αx=0 °~100 °, αy=-60 °, αz=0 °~100 °,
dx=λ/2, dz=0.6 λ, when 2D MIMO half-wave antennas arrays and mirror surface spacing dyWhen=0~0.5 λ, according to formula
(25), the normalization maximum value and wave beam of the horizontal lobe and vertical lobe of mirror image three-dimensional MIMO half-wave antenna array main lobes are acquired
Angle and dyRelation curve, and the corresponding d of maximum beam intensityyWhen horizontal lobe and vertical lobe normalization direction
Figure, is shown in shown in Fig. 6~8, to analyze the relationship of array and minute surface spacing.Why d is only analyzedyThe range of=0~0.5 λ, be because
For that should consider to reduce the thickness of array antenna, and since the range is exactly the substantial scope of array performance variation.
Fig. 6 show 2 × 1 × 2 mirror image 3D MIMO close-spaced antenna arrays and is listed in αx=0 °, αy=-60 °, αzLobe at=0 °
Maximum value and angle with dyThe relation curve and d of variationyDirectional diagram curve when=0.167 λ.As can be seen that in wave beam
Maximum value is with dyIn the curve of variation, horizontal lobe is completely superposed with vertical lobe curve, this is because horizontal lobe and vertical
Lobe is the curve that same wave beam is taken in different cross section.Normalization maximum value corresponds to dy=0.167 λ, optimum valuing range 0
~0.3 λ；In squint with dyIn the curve of variation, horizontal lobe differs larger with vertical lobe, this is because horizontal lobe
Array element is by half-wave antenna parallelly distribute on, and vertical lobe array element is axially to be distributed by half-wave antenna, therefore not only vertical lobe presss from both sides
Angle is less than horizontal lobe, and the variation for changing also more horizontal lobe angle of vertical lobe angle is slow.The best value model of the two
Enclose still is 0~0.3 λ.
Fig. 7 show 2 × 1 × 2 mirror image 3D MIMO close-spaced antenna arrays and is listed in αx=100 °, αy=-60 °, αzWave at=0 °
The maximum value and angle of valve are with dyThe relation curve and d of variationyDirectional diagram curve when=0.201 λ.As can be seen that level
Lobe and the maximum value of vertical lobe are with dyThe curve of variation is completely superposed, and normalization maximum value corresponds to dy=0.201 λ, most preferably takes
It is worth the ranging from λ of 0.1 λ~0.3；Horizontal lobe angle is with vertical lobe angle with dyThe curve difference of variation is larger.Due to being X
Adjacent array element phase difference value is α on axisx=100 °, so only horizontal lobe changes greatly, not only azimuth is 124 °,
The both sides of main lobe also produce two larger secondary lobes, to affect the Energy distribution of main lobe, change horizontal lobe angle
With dyCurve shape.The angle of vertical lobe is with dyAmplitude of variation become more, squint and inclination angle have almost no change,
Illustrate αxChange vertical lobe is influenced it is little.
Fig. 8 show 2 × 1 × 2 mirror image 3D MIMO close-spaced antenna arrays and is listed in αx=0 °, αy=-60 °, αzWave at=100 °
The maximum value and angle of valve are with dyThe relation curve and d of variationyDirectional diagram curve when=0.176 λ.As can be seen that level
Lobe and the maximum value of vertical lobe are with dyThe curve co-insides of variation, normalization maximum value correspond to dy=0.176 λ, best value model
It encloses for the λ of 0.1 λ~0.3；Horizontal lobe angle is with vertical lobe angle with dyThe curve difference of variation is larger.This mainly only Z
Adjacent array element phase difference value is α on axisz=100 °, thus the inclination angle of vertical lobe is made to be 109 °, and a secondary lobe is produced,
The Energy distribution of vertical main lobe is affected, to change vertical lobe angle and d certainlyyCurve shape.And the side of horizontal lobe
Parallactic angle is still 90 °, horizontal lobe angle and dyCurve shape it is also essentially unchanged, equally illustrate αzVariation to horizontal lobe
Influence it is little.
Compared according to all curves in Fig. 6-8, from the aspect of main lobe maximum value and main lobe angle two, mirror image 3D
The best spacing d of MIMO half-wave antenna arraysyThe λ of=0.1 λ~0.2, take d under normal circumstancesy=0.125 λ, i.e. 2D MIMO half-waves
Aerial array away from metallic mirror surface λ/8 at, this also be exactly typical 3D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays in the adjacent array element spacing of Y-axis take
The half of value λ/4, so it is d at a distance from metallic mirror surface that we, which design mirror image 3D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays,y=λ/8.From side
To it can be seen from the figure that, horizontally adjacent array element differs αxWhen changing beam positional angle, the influence to beam tilt angles is little, otherwise hangs down
Straight adjacent array element differs αzWhen changing beam tilt angles, the influence to beam positional angle is also little, it is contemplated that array sizes, still
It is d to design the adjacent array element spacing of X-axis on 2D MIMO half-wave antenna arraysx=λ/2, the adjacent array element spacing of Z axis are dz=0.6 λ, is shown in
Shown in Fig. 9.
Further, on the basis of the above embodiments, when the virtual image is used with the 2D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays
Domain finite difference calculus FDTD emulates to form mirror image 3D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays.
Specifically, the FDTD (Finite Difference Time Domain, Fdtd Method) is that one kind is based on
Time and space carry out Maxwell vorticity equations that finite difference is discrete, has two rank precision, with centered finite difference cellular
Approximation replaces the iterations and numerical simulation method of differential form.FDTD by the Maxwell differential equations two domain of space-time simultaneously difference, in sky
Field strength variation is simulated by update mode to electric field and the magnetic field mode interleaved computation that leapfrogs, in time domain in domain.FDTD analyzes electromagnetism
Geometric parameter, material parameter of the field because that need to consider research object, computational accuracy, complexity and stability, simulation precision are higher.
Spatially grid provides the parameter of FDTD simulation spatial electromagnetic properties, need to only give the medium parameter of additional space point, so that it may with
Simulate complicated electromagnetic structure.FDTD solves finite difference equations under boundary appropriate and primary condition, is retouched with clearly image
Complicated physical process is stated, can directly reflect the time domain specification of electromagnetic wave, can express the time-domain information of very abundant electromagnetic field,
It is the important method of modern Research of electromagnetic field.
FDTD mesh generations use the frame mode in all poor half of the step-length of room and time that Yee is proposed, by leapfroging
Magnetic, the electric field of step previous moment are worth to the electricity at current time, magnetic field value, and calculate process all over entire empty at each moment
Between, to obtain the time solution of the electricity changed over time in entire space, magnetic field.If being converted with Fourier to time solution, can obtain
To corresponding Frequency Domain Solution.Although the zone of action of electromagnetic field is unlimited, the calculating space of FDTD is limited, i.e., by Yee cellulars (see figure
Shown in 10) the Yee number of grids of composition are limited, it is necessary to the boundary setting electromagnetic field absorption region in the total places FDTD, it is such as approximate
Absorbing boundary MUR and exactly match absorbing boundary PML, wherein the exactly matching property of PML absorbing boundaries so that travel to resultant field side
Electromagnetic field almost all at boundary absorbs totally, and the Electromagnetic Wave Propagation effect emulated in infinite space is very true.Using FDTD
And the boundaries PML adapt to electromagnetic field while 5G demands between frequency dual-mode antenna to analyze and propagate, and can obtain ideal effect completely
Fruit.
Maxwell vorticity equations are made of Ampere circuit law and faraday electromagnetic induction, and vector expression isWherein D=ε E, B=μ H, J=σ E, Jm=σmH.If vector equation is expanded into
Rectangular coordinate system scalar equation takes centered difference Approximation Discrete to the first-order partial derivative of time domain and spatial domain, can be obtained after arrangement
FDTD equations, wherein electric field ExEquation is：
Because of Ey、EzWith ExWith perfect duality and xyz subscript cyclicity, it can respectively derive and acquire by (29) formula.
Similarly, the magnetic field H of FDTD equationsxEquation is：
Equally because of Hy、HzWith HxWith perfect duality and xyz subscript cyclicity, it can respectively derive and acquire by (30) formula.
(29) and the coefficient in (30) formula is：Ca(m)={ 1- [σ (m) Δs t]/[2 ε (m)] }/{ 1+ [σ (m) Δs t]/[2 ε
(m)]}、Cb(m)={ Δ t/ ε (m) }/{ 1+ [σ (m) Δs t]/[2 ε (m)] }, Cp(m)={ 1- [σm(m)Δt]/[2μ(m)]}/{1
+[σm(m)Δt]/[2μ(m)]}、Cq(m)={ Δ t/ μ (m) }/{ 1+ [σm(m) Δ t]/[2 μ (m)] }, wherein m values are throughout every
The Yee cellular subscripts of a zoning.Obviously, (29), (30) formula be one calculated in the time domain by the preceding moment after the moment repeatedly
For formula, each moment is all superimposed in spatial domain, and the feature of Yee cellulars is by the ε (m), μ (m), σ of each Yee cellulars present position
(m) and σm(m) it determines.When resultant field is vacuum, and scatterer is metal covering, in addition to the corresponding Yee cellular parameter σ (m) of scatterer
It is different outer, ε (m)=ε0, μ (m)=μ0, σ (m)=0, σm(m)=0 FDTD equations, at this time are very simple.In addition, spatial mesh size
Δ x, Δ y, Δ z and time step Δ t must meet Courant stable conditions, i.e. Δ x, Δ y, Δ z≤λ/12, Δ t≤min (Δs
X, Δ y, Δ z)/c just can guarantee the convergence of FDTD Equation Iteratives, generally take λ/20 Δ x=Δ y=Δ z=, Δ t=Δs x/
(2c), λ are electromagnetic field wavelength, and c is vacuum light speed.
Since FDTD modelings can be accomplished to be identical with reality scene, under the premise of computing resource allows, work as space
Step delta x, Δ y, Δ z and time step Δ t values are sufficiently small, when time iteration number is sufficiently large, FDTD emulation three-dimensional half-wave day
The electromagnetic field of linear array is propagated, very close with reality scene, not only on qualitative can intuitive electromagnetic field propagation condition, it is fixed
The data close to reality can also be obtained in amount.But since computing resource and FDTD cellular numbers are limited, electromagnetic field dynamic transmission point
It can only be a kind of small electrical environment to analyse region, and in other words, formula can only be analyzed as the directional diagram in Antenna Far Field area with analytic expression (26),
FDTD is mainly used for analyzing the electromagnetic field dynamic transmission distribution in antenna near-field area, so that analytic expression and FDTD can be in antennas
Far-field region and near field region complement one another.
Propagation figure and directional diagram from the analytic expression directional diagram of Figure 11 and Figure 12 to FDTD, the difference very little of the two, wherein
The field angle of FDTD directional diagrams is big compared with analytic expression field angle, because analytic expression adapts to far-field region, FDTD adapts near field region.Pass through ratio
Compared with Figure 11 and Figure 12, it can be seen that in Y-axis negative sense, there are secondary lobes in the FDTD propagation figures of Figure 11, but the FDTD of Figure 12 propagates figure
In in Y-axis negative sense there is no secondary lobe, illustrate that mirror image 3D MIMO half-wave antennas array can not only obtain 3D MIMO close-spaced antenna arrays
Identical effect is arranged, and may also want outstanding in some aspects.
Further, on the basis of the above embodiments, the speculum is speculum.
Wherein, the minute surface of speculum is the important component for generating mirror image array element, and reflectivity is higher, then mirror image array element is similar
Property is higher, and mirror image 3-D effect is also better.One of the advantages of mirror image 3D mimo antenna arrays is relatively thin, for the ease of two-dimentional battle array
Row and the installation of metallic mirror surface, minute surface materials need to meet the characteristics such as light, thin, smooth and reflectivity is high, we design minute surface and are
Silver plated film organic material, because high frequency Kelvin effect is stronger, the electromagnetic wave being incident in metal is very shallow, and frequency electromagnetic waves are in silver
It can complete to reflect in matter coating, can both improve reflecting properties in this way, it is cost-effective, weight is reduced, and can be conveniently anti-
Penetrate the selection and installation of material.Due to the spacing very little of 2D MIMO half-wave antennas arrays and metallic mirror surface, so array elements
Weights, phase etc. control component, can be placed in behind metallic mirror surface, or be directly integrated in the another side of metallic mirror surface,
Array element and transmitting-receiving are controlled by edge data line to shake first signal.
In array element control system, because Y direction only has two array elements of half-wave antenna and the half-wave antenna virtual image, so only needing
The first phase device for increasing Y direction in array element has a single function although first phase device can adjust initial value, is simple in structure.In addition,
The phase difference between X-axis and the adjacent array element of Z axis in 2D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays, respectively by respective phase shift controller
It provides.In order to preferably control wave beam forming, it is also necessary to control the amplitude for emitting signal in each array element with control of right device.By
All it is the component of technology maturation in these controllers, integrated level and standardization are very high, are fully integratable to reflective mirror material
Another side, be allowed to become an entirety with mirror surface, or make controller and mirror surface constitute support 4 and 4 with
The module of upper array element, entire array is by multiple modules both insert group at can not only save space and weight, but also can facilitate installation and dimension
Shield, can also reduce technical difficulty and cost.
The present embodiment is arranged with 2D MIMO close-spaced antenna arrays as technical foundation, realizes the effect of 3D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays
Fruit, its advantage is that two-dimentional half-wave antenna array realizes the functions such as the wave beam forming of three-dimensional half-wave antenna array, wave beam forming effect
Better than micro-strip patch antennas array.Due to two-dimentional half-wave antenna array technology maturation, the design scheme is simple in structure, realizes and holds
Easily, there is certain feasibility and practicability.
Figure 13 shows a kind of flow signal of mirror image 3D MIMO half-wave antenna array method for building up provided in this embodiment
Figure, including：
S1301, the distance for determining the 2D MIMO half-wave antennas array and the speculum；
S1302, the 2D MIMO half-wave antennas array and the speculum are arranged according to the distance；
S1303, the virtual image and the 2D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays are emulated, establish mirror image 3D MIMO half-waves
Aerial array.
The embodiment of the present invention is by using mirror image technology, on the basis of 2D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays, increases by one instead
Mirror is penetrated, makes 2D MIMO half-wave antennas array that can generate the virtual image behind mirror mirror, forms mirror image 3D MIMO half-waves day
Linear array, cost, technology, volume and weight and 2D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays are very nearly the same, but wave beam forming is much better than 2D
MIMO half-wave antenna arrays.
Further, on the basis of above method embodiment, S1301 is specifically included：
According to main lobe maximum value and main lobe angle, the 2D MIMO half-wave antennas array and the speculum are determined
Distance.
Further, on the basis of above method embodiment, S1303 is specifically included：
The virtual image and the 2D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays are emulated using the FDTD, establish mirror image 3D
MIMO half-wave antenna arrays.
Mirror image 3D MIMO half-wave antenna array method for building up described in the present embodiment, which can be used for executing above-mentioned apparatus, to be implemented
Example, principle is similar with technique effect, and details are not described herein again.
Referring to Fig.1 4, the electronic equipment, including：Processor (processor) 1401,1402 He of memory (memory)
Bus 1403；
Wherein,
The processor 1401 and memory 1402 complete mutual communication by the bus 1403；
The processor 1401 is used to call the program instruction in the memory 1402, is implemented with executing above-mentioned each method
The method that example is provided, such as including：
Determine the distance of the 2D MIMO half-wave antennas array and the speculum；
According to the distance, the 2D MIMO half-wave antennas array and the speculum are set；
The virtual image and the 2D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays are emulated, establish mirror image 3D MIMO close-spaced antenna arrays
Row.
The present embodiment discloses a kind of computer program product, and the computer program product includes being stored in non-transient calculating
Computer program on machine readable storage medium storing program for executing, the computer program include program instruction, when described program instruction is calculated
When machine executes, computer is able to carry out the method that above-mentioned each method embodiment is provided, such as including：
Determine the distance of the 2D MIMO half-wave antennas array and the speculum；
According to the distance, the 2D MIMO half-wave antennas array and the speculum are set；
The virtual image and the 2D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays are emulated, establish mirror image 3D MIMO close-spaced antenna arrays
Row.
The present embodiment provides a kind of non-transient computer readable storage medium, the non-transient computer readable storage medium
Computer instruction is stored, the computer instruction makes the computer execute the method that above-mentioned each method embodiment is provided, example
Such as include：
Determine the distance of the 2D MIMO half-wave antennas array and the speculum；
According to the distance, the 2D MIMO half-wave antennas array and the speculum are set；
The virtual image and the 2D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays are emulated, establish mirror image 3D MIMO close-spaced antenna arrays
Row.
One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that：Realize that all or part of step of above method embodiment can pass through
The relevant hardware of program instruction is completed, and program above-mentioned can be stored in a computer read/write memory medium, the program
When being executed, step including the steps of the foregoing method embodiments is executed；And storage medium above-mentioned includes：ROM, RAM, magnetic disc or light
The various media that can store program code such as disk.
The apparatus embodiments described above are merely exemplary, wherein the unit illustrated as separating component can
It is physically separated with being or may not be, the component shown as unit may or may not be physics list
Member, you can be located at a place, or may be distributed over multiple network units.It can be selected according to the actual needs
In some or all of module achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.Those of ordinary skill in the art are not paying creation
In the case of the labour of property, you can to understand and implement.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can be understood that each embodiment can
It is realized by the mode of software plus required general hardware platform, naturally it is also possible to pass through hardware.Based on this understanding, on
Stating technical solution, substantially the part that contributes to existing technology can be expressed in the form of software products in other words, should
Computer software product can store in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disc, CD, including several fingers
It enables and using so that a computer equipment (can be personal computer, server or the network equipment etc.) executes each implementation
Method described in certain parts of example or embodiment.
It should be noted that：The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than its limitations；Although reference
Invention is explained in detail for previous embodiment, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that：It still can be right
Technical solution recorded in foregoing embodiments is modified or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features；And this
A little modification or replacements, the spirit and model of various embodiments of the present invention technical solution that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution
It encloses.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of mirror image 3D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays, which is characterized in that including：2D multiple-input and multiple-output MIMO half-wave antennas
Array and speculum；
The 2D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays are set to the mirrored sides of the speculum；
Wherein, the 2D MIMO close-spaced antenna arrays are listed in the virtual image in the speculum and the 2D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays
Form mirror image 3D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays.
2. mirror image 3D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the 2D MIMO half-waves day
Linear array and the distance of the speculum are less than 0.5 λ, wherein λ is the wave of electromagnetic wave in the 2D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays
It is long.
3. mirror image 3D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the 2D MIMO half-waves day
Linear array and the distance of the speculum are 0.125 λ.
4. mirror image 3D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the virtual image and the 2D
MIMO half-wave antenna arrays emulate to form mirror image 3D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays using Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method FDTD.
5. mirror image 3D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the speculum is metal
Mirror.
6. a kind of mirror image 3D MIMO half-wave antenna array method for building up as described in any one in claim 1-5, feature exist
In, including：
Determine the distance of the 2D MIMO half-wave antennas array and the speculum；
According to the distance, the 2D MIMO half-wave antennas array and the speculum are set；
The virtual image and the 2D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays are emulated, establish mirror image 3D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays.
7. according to the method described in claim 6, it is characterized in that, the determination 2D MIMO half-wave antennas array and institute
The distance for stating speculum, specifically includes：
According to main lobe maximum value and main lobe angle, determine the 2D MIMO half-wave antennas array and the speculum away from
From.
8. according to the method described in claim 6, it is characterized in that, the virtual image and the 2D MIMO half-wave antennas array into
Row emulation, establish mirror image 3D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays, specifically includes：
The virtual image and the 2D MIMO half-wave antenna arrays are emulated using the FDTD, establish mirror image 3D MIMO half
Wave antenna array.
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