CN108507757A - A kind of tsunami analogy method based on drum centrifuge - Google Patents
A kind of tsunami analogy method based on drum centrifuge Download PDFInfo
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- CN108507757A CN108507757A CN201810201583.2A CN201810201583A CN108507757A CN 108507757 A CN108507757 A CN 108507757A CN 201810201583 A CN201810201583 A CN 201810201583A CN 108507757 A CN108507757 A CN 108507757A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M10/00—Hydrodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on ship-testing tanks or water tunnels
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Abstract
The tsunami analogy method based on drum centrifuge that the invention discloses a kind of, after starting the centrifugal acceleration that drum centrifuge reaches given, it is intake into drum slot using the water inlet system of drum centrifuge, drum trough inner water is intake as deep as to stopping when predetermined water level, start the Tsunami generator being installed in advance in bulging slot and carry out tsunami simulation, the Tsunami generator is in flat box-like, and bulging slot inner wall is fixed in bottom, top is deformable, and energy source is arranged in Tsunami generator.The present invention method can climb in the generation, propagation, offshore of the high gravitational field Imitating tsunami of centrifuge, disaster process；The excitation energy that tsunami can be accurately controlled can be used for the research of tsunami.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of test methods based on drum centrifuge, and in particular to a kind of sea based on drum centrifuge
Howl analogy method, especially suitable for carrying out the generation of tsunami, propagation, offshore climb process simulation research, and development tsunami pair
Destruction in coast town buildings and experimental study of preventing and reducing natural disasters.
Background technology
Tsunami is that the whole world determined by one of Oceanic disasters of most serious and the United Nations's " International Decade for Disaster Reduction " is great certainly
One of right disaster.Although its occurrence frequency is very low, once occur, is huge to the disaster that the mankind bring.
Different from common wave, tsunami wave is a kind of long wave, is the mass motion of thousands of meters of deep-sea water, spread speed pole
Soon（Up to 700 ~ 900 km/h）, carrying energy is big, once reaching bank from deep-sea, tsunami wave will climb suddenly, can form height
Up to tens of meters of waterwall, huge energy translates into huge destructiveness, destroys all obstructions, causes great calamity
It is difficult.
At present to the research of tsunami, main technological means has：Tsunami monitoring, method for numerical simulation, flume test.Tsunami
Monitoring relies primarily on coastal tidal level station, marine marker and satellite remote sensing, but because tsunami occurrence frequency is low, tends not to obtain
To timely, sufficient related data.Method for numerical simulation is most common tsunami research means, be all based on certain hypothesis,
Two dimension that theory deduction and governing equation are established, three-dimensional, two three-dimensional hybrid numerical models, in addition to numerical model itself and reality
The difference of physical process, to the hypothesis of tsunami generting machanism, the determination of initial value, terrain data spatial resolution, water front to wave
The factors influences such as the reflected refraction accuracy of numerical simulation.Research of the flume test for tsunami wave, is mainly made wave
The influence of technology, currently, Goring methods and improved Goring wave making methods are considered as preferable wave making method.
From the point of view of mathematics essence, tsunami wave belongs to shallow-water wave, is one kind of gravitational wave, it is seen that the physics of tsunami wave
Simulation is contemplated that the similitude of gravity.And water trough model experiment is carried out under 1g gravitational fields, without appointing in terms of gravity
What processing method can not possibly consider the Similar Problems of gravity naturally.The high gravitational field that centrifuge provides, to consider the weight of tsunami wave
Power Similar Problems provide primary condition, and drum centrifuge has the characteristics that eliminate boundary effect, are conducive to carry out as tsunami
Long wave analog study as wave.
It is difficult to have found pertinent literature at present, the effective ways to simulating tsunami in centrifugal model test are reported.
Bibliography：
[1] Bao Chenglan tsunamis and storm surge disaster brief introduction [J] northeast seismic study 2005,21 (2): 9-15.
[2] Ye Lin, Yu Fujiang, Wu Wei China's Tsunami disasters and early warning present situation and suggestion [J] marine forecastings 2005,
22: 147-157.
[3] Yao Yuan, Cai Shuqun, Wang Sheng pacify present Research [J] Marine Sciences progress 2007 of Numerical Simulation of Tsunami Wave,
25(4): 487-494.
[4] Shanghai flume Experiments [D] that Xuan Rui sheath or bow cases tsunami waves are climbed, Shanghai Communications University, 2013.
Invention content
The tsunami analogy method based on drum centrifuge that the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of.
Realize that the technical solution of the technology of the present invention purpose is as follows：
A kind of tsunami analogy method based on drum centrifuge, after starting the centrifugal acceleration that drum centrifuge reaches given, profit
It is intake into drum slot with the water inlet system of drum centrifuge, drum trough inner water starts advance as deep as to stopping intaking when predetermined water level
The Tsunami generator being installed in bulging slot carries out tsunami simulation, and the Tsunami generator is in flat box-like, and bottom is fixed on
Drum slot inner wall, top is deformable, and energy source is arranged in Tsunami generator.
Wherein, the energy source is the energy source that miniature explosive or gas big gun etc. can send out huge energy with moment；Pass through electricity
Subsignal controls miniature explosive charge or gas is bombarded and hit, and simulates the generation of single tsunami.By calculating explosion equivalent or gas big gun energy
Amount, controls the excitation energy of tsunami.
The predetermined water level is less than the 1/2 of drum groove depth.
Further, it is the flexible membrane or rigid plate of integral deformable at the top of the deformable Tsunami generator；Institute
When being rigid plate at the top of stating, rigid plate side is hinged with Tsunami generator bottom, remaining side passes through deformable film and tsunami
Generating means bottom connects., it can be achieved that taper is lifted when the top is the flexible membrane of integral deformable, for simulated sea bottom fire
Tsunami caused by the outburst of mountain；, it can be achieved that unilateral tilt is lifted, for simulating when being set as rigid plate and deformable film at the top of device
Tsunami caused by the plate lifting of seabed.
Further, method of the invention simulates the tsunami wave under different situations in the following way：（a）It is built-in in drum slot
Vertical deep sea waters model such as directly then studies propagation of tsunami wave under the conditions of the constant depth of water using drum slot simulated sea bottom；Tsunami
Seabed position on the propagation path of wave can directly be simulated with the side wall of drum centrifuge, can also be arranged on its side wall
It is rough, can be with the other structures object of simulated sea bottom landform；（b）If you need to study propagation of the tsunami wave in the case where becoming depth condition
Rule can arrange the sea bed of specific shape in advance in drum slot, but sea bed thickness is not greater than deep 1/4 of bulging trough inner water.（c）If you need to
The offshore for studying tsunami wave such as is climbed, is crushed at the mechanism, can be arranged according to the landform of required simulation after deep sea waters model
Nearshore waters model.（d）It, can be in deep sea waters model and nearshore waters mould if you need to study destruction of the tsunami to coast town
The model of coastal building is arranged after type, analyzes the destructive process of coast town building；Wherein, the tsunami of Tsunami generator
It is disposed with energy dissipating block and partition on the right side of generating portion, one way propagation on the left of tsunami wave direction, the right side of partition is made to arrange coastal building
Model.
Further, wave-height gauge is housed on the drum centrifuge inner wall, is measured for wave height.
Further, the drum centrifuge is externally provided with protective cover, and protective cover center is equipped with camera system, and camera system is extremely
It is few to include 6 video cameras being equally spaced with one heart.
Attached drawing 1 is referred to, the marine environment of drum centrifuge simulation must include（1）Positioned at the seabed of tsunami scene
Model,（2）Deep sea waters model；Can include（3）Offshore waters model,（4）Coastal building or coast town model.
Attached drawing 2 is referred to, the possible deformation pattern of seafloor model includes（1）Unilateral side tilts lifting,（2）Under unilateral side tilts
Drop,（3）Taper lifting etc..
The characteristics of method of the present invention is capable of providing super gravity field and eliminates boundary effect using drum centrifuge, simulation tool
The reduced scale ocean model for having prototype stress level provides Essential Environment, by using miniature explosive blasting, gas big gun for tsunami simulation
Bombardment instantaneous relase goes out huge energy, causes seafloor model suddenly, consumingly to deform, the water body to more than the seafloor model
Instantaneous, huge energy is transmitted, the generation of tsunami is simulated.
The method of the present invention can also be achieved the simulation of seafloor model various deformation, including unilateral tilt is lifted（Simulate plate
Rise）, taper lifting（Simulated sea bottom volcano eruption）Etc. forms.
The method of the present invention can climb in the generation, propagation, offshore of the high gravitational field Imitating tsunami of centrifuge, cause disaster
Journey；The excitation energy that tsunami can be accurately controlled can be used for the research of tsunami.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that drum centrifuge tsunami tests schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is the deformation pattern of Tsunami generator.
Fig. 3 is the model layout drawing of embodiment 1.
Fig. 4 is the model layout drawing of embodiment 2.
Specific implementation mode
Embodiment 1
It is studied this example demonstrates that carrying out the trans-oceanic propagation centrifugal model test of submarine earthquake tsunami using the method for the present invention.
The present invention is based on the tsunami analogy methods of drum centrifuge, start drum centrifuge and reach given centrifugal acceleration
Afterwards, it is intake into drum slot using the water inlet system of drum centrifuge, drum trough inner water is intake as deep as to stopping when predetermined water level, described
Predetermined water level is less than the 1/2 of drum groove depth, starts the Tsunami generator being installed in advance in bulging slot and carries out tsunami simulation, described
Tsunami generator is in flat box-like, and bulging slot inner wall is fixed in bottom, and top is deformable, and setting is miniature fried in Tsunami generator
Medicine controls miniature explosive charge as energy source, by electronic signal, simulates the generation of single tsunami.As shown in Figure 1.
It is the flexible membrane of integral deformable, simulation taper lifting in the present embodiment, at the top of Tsunami generator.Such as Fig. 2 institutes
Show.
In the present embodiment, wave-height gauge is housed on drum centrifuge inner wall, is measured for wave height.Drum centrifuge is externally provided with guarantor
Shield, protective cover center are equipped with camera system, and camera system includes at least 6 video cameras being equally spaced with one heart.
Tsunami generator simulates tsunami generating portion, and trans-oceanic part of propagation is simulated to rouse slot inner wall simulated sea bottom.Such as Fig. 3
It is shown, after Tsunami generator generates tsunami（Deformation pattern is lifted for taper）, the tsunami wave direction left and right sides is propagated, wherein left side
Tsunami wave propagate clockwise, right side tsunami wave is propagated counterclockwise.Using camera system and the wave-height gauge being distributed on model note
Record the propagation condition of left and right tsunami wave.
Embodiment 2
It climbs and to the destruction centrifugal model of coast town this example demonstrates that carrying out tsunami offshore using the method for the present invention
Experimental study.
The present invention is based on the tsunami analogy methods of drum centrifuge, start drum centrifuge and reach given centrifugal acceleration
Afterwards, it is intake into drum slot using the water inlet system of drum centrifuge, drum trough inner water is intake as deep as to stopping when predetermined water level, described
Predetermined water level is less than the 1/2 of drum groove depth, starts the Tsunami generator being installed in advance in bulging slot and carries out tsunami simulation, described
Tsunami generator is in flat box-like, and bulging slot inner wall is fixed in bottom, and top is deformable, and setting gas is bombarded in Tsunami generator
It hits as energy source, simulated sea bottom subduction-type earthquake causes tsunami caused by plate lifting, and controlling gas by electronic signal bombards
It hits, simulates the generation of single tsunami.
It is rigid plate in the present embodiment, at the top of Tsunami generator, rigid plate side is hinged with Tsunami generator bottom,
Remaining side is connect by deformable film with Tsunami generator bottom.The unilateral lifting of simulation, as shown in Figure 2.
In the present embodiment, wave-height gauge is housed on drum centrifuge inner wall, is measured for wave height.Drum centrifuge is externally provided with guarantor
Shield, protective cover center are equipped with camera system, and camera system includes at least 6 video cameras being equally spaced with one heart.
Tsunami generator simulates tsunami generating portion, and deep sea waters model is arranged in drum slot（Simulate trans-oceanic propagation）、
Offshore waters model（Simulation offshore is climbed）With coast town model.As shown in figure 4, Tsunami generator generates the deformation of tsunami
Pattern is that unilateral tilt is lifted, and energy dissipating block and partition are disposed on the right side of tsunami generating portion, makes unidirectional on the left of tsunami wave direction pass
It broadcasts, coast town model is arranged on the right side of partition.Trans-oceanic part of propagation records the biography of tsunami wave using camera system and wave-height gauge
Situation is broadcast, tsunami progression time and warning information are studied.Offshore is climbed the ramp structure of partial simulation Offshore, is used
Camera system and wave-height gauge research tsunami wave reach the wave run-up characteristic of offshore.Tsunami wave finally breaks through offshore waters, to edge
Haicheng City town model produces destruction, and by comparing the building damage condition of different types, research tsunami is prevented and reduced natural disasters technology.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of tsunami analogy method based on drum centrifuge, which is characterized in that start drum centrifuge reach it is given from
After heart acceleration, is intake into drum slot using the water inlet system of drum centrifuge, stopped when drum trough inner water is as deep as to predetermined water level
Water inlet starts the Tsunami generator being installed in advance in bulging slot and carries out tsunami simulation, and the Tsunami generator is in flat box
Bulging slot inner wall is fixed in shape, bottom, and top is deformable, and energy source is arranged in Tsunami generator.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the energy source is miniature explosive or gas big gun；Pass through electronics
Signal controls miniature explosive charge or gas is bombarded and hit, and simulates the generation of single tsunami.
3. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the predetermined water level is less than the 1/2 of drum groove depth.
4. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, being flexible membrane or rigidity at the top of the Tsunami generator
Plate；When the top is rigid plate, rigid plate side and Tsunami generator bottom are hinged, remaining side by deformable film with
Tsunami generator bottom connects.
5. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, to rouse slot simulated sea bottom, research tsunami wave is in the constant depth of water
Under the conditions of propagation.
6. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, drum slot in sea bed model of different shapes is set, study
Propagation law of the tsunami wave in the case where becoming depth condition；Wherein, the sea bed phantom thicknesses are not more than deep 1/4 of drum trough inner water.
7. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, deep sea waters model, nearshore waters mould is arranged in drum slot
The offshore of type, simulation tsunami wave is climbed, is crushed.
8. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, deep sea waters model, nearshore waters mould is arranged in drum slot
Type and coastal buildings model simulate the destructive process of coast town building；Wherein, the tsunami generating portion of Tsunami generator
Right side is disposed with energy dissipating block and partition, and one way propagation on the left of tsunami wave direction, the right side of partition is made to arrange coastal buildings model.
9. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, being equipped with wave-height gauge on the drum centrifuge inner wall.
10. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the drum centrifuge is externally provided with protective cover, in protective cover
The heart is equipped with camera system, and camera system includes at least 6 video cameras being equally spaced with one heart.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110196150A (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2019-09-03 | 珠江水利委员会珠江水利科学研究院 | Tsunami wave simulation tests measure and control device |
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