CN108507531B - Total station instrument high laser measurement system and use method - Google Patents
Total station instrument high laser measurement system and use method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108507531B CN108507531B CN201810346321.5A CN201810346321A CN108507531B CN 108507531 B CN108507531 B CN 108507531B CN 201810346321 A CN201810346321 A CN 201810346321A CN 108507531 B CN108507531 B CN 108507531B
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C5/00—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
- G01S17/06—Systems determining position data of a target
- G01S17/08—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only
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Abstract
本发明所要解决的问题是提高全站仪仪器高激光测量精度。全站仪仪器高激光测量系统，包括全站仪和激光位移传感器，激光位移传感器竖直向下安装在全站仪基座中心处，其特征为还包括激光反射帽，反射帽上下表面均为球面，且球面曲率均与测量标志上表面球面曲率相等，激光测量仪器高时，反射帽覆盖在测量标志球面凸起上。激光位移传感器的激光为红色可见光，激光位移传感器兼作激光对中器，其与全站仪主机通过数据线相连。该系统有益效果如下：1、利用激光反射帽覆盖测量标志上对中标志处的凹槽，消除了其给激光测距带来的误差；2、激光反射帽上下表面均为球面，激光反射帽的偏斜不会给激光测距带来误差，不必对激光反射帽进行调平，操作简单。
The problem to be solved by the invention is to improve the high laser measurement accuracy of the total station instrument. Total station instrument high laser measurement system, including total station and laser displacement sensor, the laser displacement sensor is installed vertically downward at the center of the total station base, and its feature is that it also includes a laser reflective cap, the upper and lower surfaces of the reflective cap are spherical surface, and the curvature of the spherical surface is equal to the spherical curvature of the upper surface of the measurement mark. When the laser measuring instrument is high, the reflective cap covers the spherical protrusion of the measurement mark. The laser of the laser displacement sensor is red visible light, and the laser displacement sensor also serves as a laser plummet, which is connected with the total station host through a data line. The beneficial effects of the system are as follows: 1. Use the laser reflective cap to cover the groove at the centering mark on the measurement mark, eliminating the error it brings to the laser ranging; 2. The upper and lower surfaces of the laser reflective cap are spherical, and the laser reflective cap The deflection of the laser will not bring errors to the laser ranging, and it is not necessary to level the laser reflective cap, and the operation is simple.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及测量技术领域，尤其是全站仪仪器高的测量。The invention relates to the technical field of measurement, in particular to the measurement of the instrument height of a total station.
背景技术Background technique
仪器高就是架设全站仪的地面测量控制点至仪器度盘中心点的铅垂距离。全站仪仪器高的精度直接决定待测坐标高程以及三角高程测量的精度，对于整个测量精度的影响很大。The instrument height is the vertical distance from the ground measurement control point where the total station is erected to the center point of the instrument dial. The high accuracy of the total station instrument directly determines the coordinate elevation to be measured and the accuracy of triangular elevation measurement, which has a great impact on the entire measurement accuracy.
（1）钢卷尺测量法(1) Steel tape measurement method
最传统的仪器高测量方法。仪器高是量测控制点至仪器度盘中心的铅垂距离，直接测量因不是平面的关系，存在误差，另外钢卷尺测量精度不高。The most traditional method of measuring instrument height. The height of the instrument is the vertical distance from the measurement control point to the center of the instrument dial. Direct measurement is not a plane relationship, so there are errors. In addition, the measurement accuracy of the steel tape is not high.
（2）悬高测量法(2) Suspension height measurement method
1.将全站仪架设在距离测量对象较远处，使得测站望远镜到悬高点的垂直角度小于45度。因为垂直角较大的话，三角函数推算出来的高差误差较大。2.在悬高点投影到地面上的基准点架起棱镜。测站和地面基准点的连线，最好与悬高测量对象的走向垂直相交。3.进入全站仪的悬高测量程序，输入棱镜高度，瞄准棱镜并按测量键，观测测站与基准点棱镜的距离。4.松开望远镜垂直方向的制动，照准棱镜上方的悬高点，仪器会随着垂直度盘的转动，显示出对应的地面点到悬高点的高差。这种测量方法操作程序繁琐，误差主要包括激光测距误差、三角函数误差、以及引进的棱镜带来的误差。1. Set up the total station far away from the measurement object, so that the vertical angle from the station telescope to the high point is less than 45 degrees. Because if the vertical angle is large, the height difference calculated by the trigonometric function will have a large error. 2. Set up a prism at the datum point projected onto the ground from the suspended elevation. The connection line between the measuring station and the ground reference point should preferably intersect vertically with the direction of the suspended height measurement object. 3. Enter the suspension height measurement program of the total station, input the prism height, aim at the prism and press the measurement key to observe the distance between the measuring station and the reference point prism. 4. Loosen the brake in the vertical direction of the telescope, aim at the suspension point above the prism, and the instrument will display the height difference from the corresponding ground point to the suspension height with the rotation of the vertical dial. The operation procedures of this measurement method are cumbersome, and the errors mainly include laser ranging errors, trigonometric function errors, and errors caused by the introduced prism.
（3）激光测量法(3) Laser measurement method
目前，有一种全站仪仪器高激光测量系统，激光位移传感器竖直地安装在全站仪基座下，对准地面上的测量标志，可以方便、快捷的读取全站仪仪器高。其存在的重要问题是，忽略了测量标志上对中标志处的凹槽给激光测距带来的毫米级的误差。这是由于，1、激光对中时，激光中心射入到凹槽中，测量的距离可能深入到了凹槽内部，并非是到测量标志顶端表面的距离；2、凹槽内部及其周围是凹凸不平的，导致激光反射光方向混乱，被激光接收端接收到的反射光强度和质量很差，给激光测距带来很大误差。At present, there is a total station instrument height laser measurement system. The laser displacement sensor is installed vertically under the total station base and aligned with the measurement marks on the ground to read the total station instrument height conveniently and quickly. The important problem is that the millimeter-level error caused by the groove at the centering mark on the measuring mark to the laser distance measurement is ignored. This is because, 1. When the laser is centered, the laser center is injected into the groove, and the measured distance may go deep into the groove, not the distance to the top surface of the measurement mark; 2. The inside of the groove and its surroundings are uneven If it is uneven, the direction of the laser reflected light will be confused, and the intensity and quality of the reflected light received by the laser receiving end will be very poor, which will bring great errors to the laser ranging.
以上测量方法的测量精度均为毫米级，不适用需要精确仪器高参数的场合。为了满足某些高程高精度测量场合，需要高精度、简便易行的全站仪仪器高测量系统和方法。The measurement accuracy of the above measurement methods is millimeter level, which is not suitable for occasions that require high parameters of precise instruments. In order to meet some occasions of high-precision height measurement, a high-precision, simple and easy-to-use total station instrument height measurement system and method are needed.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的问题是提高全站仪仪器高激光测量精度。The problem to be solved by the invention is to improve the high laser measurement accuracy of the total station instrument.
全站仪仪器高激光测量系统，包括全站仪和激光位移传感器，激光位移传感器竖直向下安装在全站仪基座中心处，其特征为还包括激光反射帽，反射帽上下表面均为球面，且球面曲率均与测量标志上表面球面曲率相等，激光测量仪器高时，反射帽覆盖在测量标志球面凸起上。Total station instrument high laser measurement system, including total station and laser displacement sensor, the laser displacement sensor is installed vertically downward at the center of the total station base, and its feature is that it also includes a laser reflective cap, the upper and lower surfaces of the reflective cap are spherical surface, and the spherical curvature is equal to the spherical curvature of the upper surface of the measurement mark. When the laser measuring instrument is high, the reflective cap covers the spherical protrusion of the measurement mark.
激光位移传感器的激光为红色可见光，激光位移传感器兼作激光对中器，其与全站仪主机通过数据线相连。The laser of the laser displacement sensor is red visible light, and the laser displacement sensor also serves as a laser plummet, which is connected with the total station host through a data line.
激光反射帽上表面为白陶瓷，本体材料为永久磁铁。The upper surface of the laser reflective cap is white ceramics, and the body material is permanent magnet.
激光反射帽材料为白陶瓷。The laser reflective cap material is white ceramic.
该系统的使用方法如下：The system is used as follows:
a、全站仪精平后，打开激光位移传感器，瞄准测量标志上的对中标记进行对中；a. After the total station is leveled, turn on the laser displacement sensor and aim at the centering mark on the measurement mark for centering;
b、对中后，将激光反射帽盖在测量标志上，覆盖对中标记；b. After centering, put the laser reflective cap on the measurement mark to cover the centering mark;
c、在全站仪上读取激光位移传感器测得的仪器高，该仪器高需要加上激光反射帽的厚度和激光位移传感器至全站仪度盘中心的高度，这两部分高度为设备固定长度。c. Read the instrument height measured by the laser displacement sensor on the total station. The instrument height needs to be added with the thickness of the laser reflection cap and the height from the laser displacement sensor to the center of the total station dial. The height of these two parts is fixed by the equipment length.
该系统不仅适用于全站仪，也可用于水准仪、GPS、棱镜等需要测量高度的仪器，有益效果如下：The system is not only suitable for total stations, but also for level instruments, GPS, prisms and other instruments that need to measure heights. The beneficial effects are as follows:
1、利用激光反射帽覆盖测量标志上对中标志处的凹槽，消除了其给激光测距带来的误差；1. Use the laser reflective cap to cover the groove at the centering mark on the measurement mark, eliminating the error it brings to the laser distance measurement;
2、激光反射帽上下表面均为球面，且球面曲率均与测量标志上表面球面曲率相等，激光测量仪器高时，反射帽覆盖在测量标志球面凸起上，因此，激光反射帽的厚度处处相等，始终与测量标志上表面保持相同的球心，激光反射帽的偏斜不会给激光测距带来误差，不必对激光反射帽进行调平，操作简单；2. The upper and lower surfaces of the laser reflective cap are spherical, and the spherical curvature is equal to the spherical curvature of the upper surface of the measurement mark. When the laser measuring instrument is high, the reflective cap covers the spherical protrusion of the measurement mark. Therefore, the thickness of the laser reflective cap is equal everywhere. , always keep the same ball center with the upper surface of the measurement mark, the deflection of the laser reflective cap will not bring errors to the laser distance measurement, and the laser reflective cap does not need to be leveled, and the operation is simple;
3、激光反射帽上表面为白陶瓷，与激光位移传感器出厂时设置的标准面材料相同，能够保证激光测距精度；3. The upper surface of the laser reflective cap is made of white ceramics, which is the same as the standard surface material set by the laser displacement sensor when it leaves the factory, which can ensure the accuracy of laser ranging;
4、激光反射帽本体材料为永久磁铁，其对钢制的测量标志具有吸引力，激光反射帽偏斜时，其同样与测量标志上表面紧密接触，避免操作误差。4. The body material of the laser reflective cap is a permanent magnet, which is attractive to the steel measurement mark. When the laser reflective cap is deflected, it is also in close contact with the upper surface of the measurement mark to avoid operational errors.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为全站仪仪器高激光测量系统的整体结构示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the high laser measurement system of the total station instrument;
图2为激光位移传感器局部放大示意图；Figure 2 is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the laser displacement sensor;
图3为测量标志局部放大示意图；Figure 3 is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the measurement mark;
图4为实施例1中激光反射帽局部放大示意图；Fig. 4 is the partially enlarged schematic diagram of the laser reflection cap in embodiment 1;
图5为实施例2中激光反射帽局部放大示意图。FIG. 5 is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the laser reflective cap in Embodiment 2. FIG.
图中：1、全站仪，2、激光位移传感器，3、全站仪基座，4、激光反射帽，5、测量标志，6、白陶瓷，7、永久磁铁。In the figure: 1. total station, 2. laser displacement sensor, 3. base of total station, 4. laser reflection cap, 5. measurement mark, 6. white ceramic, 7. permanent magnet.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
实施例1Example 1
如图1-3所示，全站仪仪器高激光测量系统，包括全站仪和激光位移传感器，激光位移传感器竖直向下安装在全站仪基座中心处，其特征为还包括激光反射帽，反射帽上下表面均为球面，且球面曲率均与测量标志上表面球面曲率相等，激光测量仪器高时，反射帽覆盖在测量标志球面凸起上。As shown in Figure 1-3, the high laser measurement system of the total station instrument includes a total station and a laser displacement sensor. The laser displacement sensor is installed vertically downward at the center of the base of the total station. The upper and lower surfaces of the reflective cap are spherical, and the spherical curvature is equal to the spherical curvature of the upper surface of the measurement mark. When the laser measuring instrument is high, the reflective cap covers the spherical protrusion of the measurement mark.
激光位移传感器的激光为红色可见光，激光位移传感器兼作激光对中器，其与全站仪主机通过数据线相连。The laser of the laser displacement sensor is red visible light, and the laser displacement sensor also serves as a laser plummet, which is connected with the total station host through a data line.
如图4所示，激光反射帽上表面为白陶瓷，本体材料为永久磁铁。As shown in Figure 4, the upper surface of the laser reflective cap is white ceramics, and the body material is permanent magnet.
该系统的使用方法如下：The system is used as follows:
a、全站仪精平后，打开激光位移传感器，瞄准测量标志上的对中标记进行对中；a. After the total station is leveled, turn on the laser displacement sensor and aim at the centering mark on the measurement mark for centering;
b、对中后，将激光反射帽盖在测量标志上，覆盖对中标记；b. After centering, put the laser reflective cap on the measurement mark to cover the centering mark;
c、在全站仪上读取激光位移传感器测得的仪器高，该仪器高需要加上激光反射帽的厚度和激光位移传感器至全站仪度盘中心的高度，这两部分高度为设备固定长度。c. Read the instrument height measured by the laser displacement sensor on the total station. The instrument height needs to be added with the thickness of the laser reflection cap and the height from the laser displacement sensor to the center of the total station dial. The height of these two parts is fixed by the equipment length.
实施例2Example 2
如图1-3所示，全站仪仪器高激光测量系统，包括全站仪和激光位移传感器，激光位移传感器竖直向下安装在全站仪基座中心处，其特征为还包括激光反射帽，反射帽上下表面均为球面，且球面曲率均与测量标志上表面球面曲率相等，激光测量仪器高时，反射帽覆盖在测量标志球面凸起上。As shown in Figure 1-3, the high laser measurement system of the total station instrument includes a total station and a laser displacement sensor. The laser displacement sensor is installed vertically downward at the center of the base of the total station. The upper and lower surfaces of the reflective cap are spherical, and the spherical curvature is equal to the spherical curvature of the upper surface of the measurement mark. When the laser measuring instrument is high, the reflective cap covers the spherical protrusion of the measurement mark.
激光位移传感器的激光为红色可见光，激光位移传感器兼作激光对中器，其与全站仪主机通过数据线相连。The laser of the laser displacement sensor is red visible light, and the laser displacement sensor also serves as a laser plummet, which is connected with the total station host through a data line.
如图5所示，激光反射帽材料为白陶瓷。As shown in Figure 5, the material of the laser reflection cap is white ceramics.
该系统的使用方法如下：The system is used as follows:
a、全站仪精平后，打开激光位移传感器，瞄准测量标志上的对中标记进行对中；a. After the total station is leveled, turn on the laser displacement sensor and aim at the centering mark on the measurement mark for centering;
b、对中后，将激光反射帽盖在测量标志上，覆盖对中标记；b. After centering, put the laser reflective cap on the measurement mark to cover the centering mark;
c、在全站仪上读取激光位移传感器测得的仪器高，该仪器高需要加上激光反射帽的厚度和激光位移传感器至全站仪度盘中心的高度，这两部分高度为设备固定长度。c. Read the instrument height measured by the laser displacement sensor on the total station. The instrument height needs to be added with the thickness of the laser reflection cap and the height from the laser displacement sensor to the center of the total station dial. The height of these two parts is fixed by the equipment length.
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