CN108504989A - 一种电子束熔丝沉积超细网状结构钛基复合材料的方法 - Google Patents

一种电子束熔丝沉积超细网状结构钛基复合材料的方法 Download PDF

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CN108504989A
CN108504989A CN201810287780.0A CN201810287780A CN108504989A CN 108504989 A CN108504989 A CN 108504989A CN 201810287780 A CN201810287780 A CN 201810287780A CN 108504989 A CN108504989 A CN 108504989A
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matrix composite
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姚正军
陶学伟
张莎莎
刘莹莹
胥栋衡
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种电子束熔丝沉积超细网状钛基复合材料的方法，包括以下步骤：首先对钛合金丝材表面进行渗硼处理，再利用电子束熔丝沉积技术将渗硼处理后的钛丝进行快速成形。本发明提供电子束熔丝沉积超细网状钛基复合材料的方法，突破了钛基复合材料丝材加工难度大的局限性；同时可对电子束熔丝沉积后复合材料内部增强相分布进行有效调控，能够制备出具有较高的强韧性的超细网状结构钛基复合材料。此外，该工艺适用性强，工艺流程短，大大拓宽钛基复合材料的制备与应用范围。

Description

一种电子束熔丝沉积超细网状结构钛基复合材料的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及金属基复合材料领域，具体涉及一种电子束熔丝沉积超细网状结构钛基复合材料的方法。
背景技术
轻质、高强度、高刚度的非连续增强钛基复合材料(DRTMCs)已经成为航空航天领域中关键候选材料。然而，由于增强体存在，提高了复合材料高温变形抗力，在高温变形时易发生局部塑性流变，加大了钛基复合材料热变形加工难度，严重限制了钛基复合材料的应用范围。
增材制造法增材制造具有快速、柔性、可设计性等特点，无需二次热变形加工，即可直接获得尺寸形状与性能匹配的钛基复合材料产品，特别适合钛基复合材料制造。中国专利号ZL201110352107.9ZL200810136852.8，公开了名称为一种原位钛基复合材料及零件的制备方法的专利，其利用激光熔化沉积法制备出的TiC和/或TiB增强钛基复合材料，但是复合材料的塑韧性较低。中国专利号ZL200810136852.8，公开了名称为TiBw/Ti合金基复合材料的制备方法的专利，其采用粉末冶金法制备出的一种网状结构TiB增强钛基复合材料，不仅具有较高的强度，而且塑韧性较增强相均匀分布的复合材得到改善。因此，将网状结构引入钛基复合材料中可以有效改善材料的塑韧性。
电子束熔丝沉积技术是一种新兴的增材制造方法，具有能量高、束流可控、加工速度快、真空环境不易污染等优点，在钛、钨等高熔点易氧化的金属及合金的加工上具有重要作用。经现有的技术文献检索发现，目前电子束熔丝沉积技术主要用于制备钛合金与镍基合金等，而有关电子束熔丝沉积制备钛基复合材料的研究未见报道，电子束熔丝沉积制备网状结构钛基复合材料更是没有。其原因一方面是电子束熔丝沉积工艺所需的原材料为丝材，颗粒增强钛基复合材料塑韧性差，难以加工成丝；另一方面是快速凝固法不同于粉末冶金法，无法先将增强相分布于大颗粒周围，然后通过烧结获得网状结构，该方法对增强相分布调控难度大。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术中存在的这些问题，提供一种电子束熔丝沉积超细网状结构钛基复合材料的方法，可获强韧性俱佳的超细网状结构钛基复合材料，为达到上述目的，本发明提供的技术方案是：
一种电子束熔丝沉积超细网状结构钛基复合材料的方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)首先对钛合金丝材表面进行渗硼处理；
(2)再利用电子束熔丝沉积技术将渗硼处理后的钛丝进行快速成形。
所述的钛合金丝材为TC4或纯钛。
所述的钛合金丝材表面进行渗硼处理，具体工艺参数是：硼源BCl3，渗硼温度800℃，电压700V。
所述的渗硼处理钛丝，其硼含量0.2～1.2wt.％。
所述的电子束熔丝沉积工艺，具体工艺参数是：熔丝电流15～25mA，电压60kV，行进速度200mm/min，送丝速度2r/min，真空度优于5×10-2Pa。
本发明的突出优点在于采用渗硼处理将硼渗入钛丝表面，突破了钛基复合材料丝材加工难度大的局限性；在渗入上述B含量条件下，通过对电子束熔丝沉积层进行调控，保持较高的热输出，沉积的钛基复合材料在凝固时，β相形核长大对B原子具有推挤效应，使得B在β相/液相界面附近富集抑制β晶粒长大；同时产生成分过冷，促进TiB形核，沿晶界析出，形成网状结构。且在快速冷却条件下，晶粒形核率高，晶粒细小；抑制TiB长大，保持细小尺寸。因而获得超细网状结构钛基复合材料，具有较高的强韧韧性。此外，工艺适用性强，工艺流程短，大大拓宽钛基复合材料的制备与应用范围。
附图说明
图1是实施例1制备出的超细网状结构钛基复合材料的SEM照片。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
以纯钛为丝材，首先对丝材进行渗硼处理，具体工艺参数是：硼源BCl3，渗硼温度800℃，电压700V，处理时间20min，获得硼含量0.2wt.％的渗硼钛丝。再利用电子束熔丝沉积技术将上述的渗硼钛丝进行快速成形，具体工艺参数是：熔丝电流15mA，电压60kV，行进速度200mm/min，送丝速度2r/min，真空度优于5×10-2Pa。对制备所得复合材料进行组织表征及性能测试，其内部为超细网状结构，抗拉强度1016MPa，伸长率9.1％。
实施例2
本实施例与实施例1之间的区别在于丝材为TC4，其渗硼处理时间50min，获得硼含量0.4wt.％的渗硼钛丝。电子束熔丝沉积工艺参数是：熔丝电流18mA，电压60kV，行进速度200mm/min，送丝速度2r/min，真空度优于5×10-2Pa。对制备所得复合材料进行组织表征及性能测试，其内部为超细网状结构，抗拉强度1027MPa，伸长率7.9％。
实施例3
本实施例与实施例1之间的区别在于，钛丝渗硼处理时间80min，获得硼含量0.8wt.％的渗硼钛丝。电子束熔丝沉积工艺参数是：熔丝电流22mA，电压60kV，行进速度200mm/min，送丝速度2r/min，真空度优于5×10-2Pa。对制备所得复合材料进行组织表征及性能测试，其内部为超细网状结构，抗拉强度1033MPa，伸长率7.1％。
实施例4
本实施例与实施例1之间的区别在于丝材为TC4，其渗硼处理时间150min，获得硼含量1.2wt.％的渗硼钛丝。电子束熔丝沉积工艺参数是：熔丝电流25mA，电压60kV，行进速度200mm/min，送丝速度2r/min，真空度优于5×10-2Pa。对制备所得复合材料进行组织表征及性能测试，其内部为超细网状结构，抗拉强度1042MPa，伸长率5.6％。
以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例，并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制，任何熟悉本专业的技术人员，在不脱离本发明技术方案范围内，依据本发明的技术实质，对以上实施例所作的任何简单的修改、等同替换与改进等，均仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围之内。

Claims (5)

1.一种电子束熔丝沉积超细网状结构钛基复合材料的方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
(1)首先对钛合金丝材表面进行渗硼处理；
(2)再利用电子束熔丝沉积技术将渗硼处理后的钛丝进行快速成形。
2.如权利要求1所述的电子束熔丝沉积超细网状结构钛基复合材料的方法，其特征在于：所述的钛合金丝材为TC4或纯钛。
3.如权利要求1所述的电子束熔丝沉积超细网状结构钛基复合材料的方法，其特征在于：对钛合金丝材表面进行渗硼处理的具体工艺参数是：硼源BCl3，渗硼温度800℃，电压700V，处理时间20～150min。
4.如权利要求1所述的电子束熔丝沉积超细网状结构钛基复合材料的方法，其特征在于：对渗硼处理钛丝，其硼含量0.2～1.2wt.％。
5.如权利要求1所述的电子束熔丝沉积超细网状结构钛基复合材料的方法，其特征在于：所述的电子束熔丝沉积工艺，具体工艺参数是：熔丝电流15～25mA，电压60kV，行进速度200mm/min，送丝速度2r/min，真空度优于5×10-2Pa。
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