CN108503308A - Slightly expanded concrete mixture - Google Patents
Slightly expanded concrete mixture Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108503308A CN108503308A CN201810362679.7A CN201810362679A CN108503308A CN 108503308 A CN108503308 A CN 108503308A CN 201810362679 A CN201810362679 A CN 201810362679A CN 108503308 A CN108503308 A CN 108503308A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- parts
- slightly expanded
- concrete
- concrete mixture
- expanded concrete
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/34—Non-shrinking or non-cracking materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of slightly expanded concrete mixtures, belong to building material technical field, and in terms of mass fraction, raw material includes：402 410 parts of cement, 1,090 1110 parts of stone, 587 595 parts of sand, 36 42 parts of flyash, 56 62 parts of miberal powder, 49 51 parts of swelling agent, 13.2 13.4 parts of water-reducing agent, 156 166 parts of water.Slightly expanded concrete mixture provided by the invention is generated without structural cracks, improves the overall stability of concrete structure.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to building material technical fields, more specifically, it is related to a kind of slightly expanded concrete mixture.
Background technology
With the continuous quickening of Urbanization in China, urban population quantity has begun to rise sharply, and skyscraper is made
Construction style for that can accommodate a great deal of resident increasingly has been favored by people, in building trade, overlength coagulation
For soil as one of main material to be applied in Building Construction, concrete component is that the main load of building structure is held
Carry the component of power.
It is well known that ordinary reinforced concrete is in aquation knot hard process, concrete shrinkage make in structure reinforcing bar by
Compression, concrete are by tensile stress, and already present stress state makes structure easily generate crack in this structure；Concrete
Concrete structure internal temperature is set to increase since hydration reaction generates a large amount of heat in casting process, the inside and outside temperature of structure
Difference is excessive to cause structural concrete to crack.Slightly expanded concrete is a certain amount of swollen by being added in normal concrete
Swollen dose, concrete itself is made to generate the expansion of appropriateness, under reinforcing bar and other constraintss, generated certain chemical pre-stressed
(seif-citing rate) shrinks to compensate, alleviates the concrete of cracking.
When concrete expands, concrete compression stress, reinforcing bar tension stress；When concrete shrinkage or cooling shrinkage
When, the pre-tensile stress of the prestressing force of concrete, reinforcing bar can all discharge, the contraction of compensating concrete, avoid generating crack.
With the fast development of Building Trade in China, Overlong Concrete Structure is widely used in construction projects,
It in modern construction, occupies an important position, to Overlong Concrete Structure in building construction process in industry and civil buildings
In be easiest to problem appear to is that structural cracks, since concrete tensile strength itself is far below compression strength, in concrete dry
Contracting or when by temperature change shrinkage, the concrete component of overlength easily generates crack.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of slightly expanded concrete mixture, no structural cracks generates, and improves coagulation
The overall stability of soil structure.
The present invention above-mentioned technical purpose technical scheme is that：
Slightly expanded concrete mixture, in terms of mass fraction, raw material includes：402-410 parts of cement, 1090-1110 parts of stone,
587-595 parts of sand, 36-42 parts of flyash, 56-62 parts of miberal powder, 49-51 parts of swelling agent, 13.2-13.4 parts of water-reducing agent, water
156-166 parts.
The self waterproofing of the concrete root problem to be solved is exactly the density for improving concrete, the contraction for preventing concrete
Cracking, and concrete science compatibility of the present invention, micro-expansibility can just disclosure satisfy that in Overlong Concrete Structure construction
Using, it will not occur since expansion rate is less than normal, and cause to compensate the problem of contractility deficiency jointless construction is difficult to realize, also not
It can occur since expansion rate is excessive, and lead to have the problem of apparent influence to concrete strength so that concrete was solidifying
Generate after the heat of hydration and solidification in journey it is dry shrink, that is, expand with heat and contract with cold caused by alternating compression to minimum, and then solve to surpass
Long concrete structure leads to the problem of crack.
Further, in terms of mass fraction, raw material includes：406 parts of cement, 1098 parts of stone, 591 parts of sand, flyash
39 parts, 59 parts of miberal powder, 50 parts of swelling agent, 13.3 parts of water-reducing agent, 161 parts of water.
Further, the swelling agent selects UEA-I type swelling agents.
Further, the water-reducing agent includes the polymer I of following general formula：
Wherein, a, b, c are the chain number of repetitive unit, and molecular weight is 10,000~100,000.
Further, the molecular weight of the polymer I is 50,000.
Further, a in the polymer I:b:C is 2:4:1.
Water-reducing agent is a kind of essential additive of concrete batching.Concrete batching should select non-bleed efficient
Water-reducing agent makes slump-loss speed slow down, this is a special nature in prepared by concrete.
Further, the cement selection P.O42.5 portland cements.
Cement is most important cementitious material in concrete, select good cement to the preparation of high performance concrete very
It is important.Preparing high performance concrete should select high-quality portland cement or Portland cement, cement grade preferably to select 42.5
Grade or more cement.
Further, the stone selects the rubble of 5-25mm continuous gradings.
For strong concrete, the intensity of concrete can not be increased by increasing cobble-stone diameter, may be influenced instead
The intensity of concrete.There is more weak links inside large-sized stone, weak link is distributed by stratification, this
Sample just forms a larger longer plane of weakness, if certain part of concrete has multiple planes of weakness for having close direction
It is formed the weak area of an influence concrete strength.However cobble-stone diameter is smaller, such weakness during broken
It often being separated at ring, this just reduces the weak link of small particle stone, and since cobble-stone diameter is small, the plane of weakness of formation is smaller,
Distribution in concrete is more uniform, it is difficult to form the weak area for influencing intensity in concrete.In addition, the stone that grain size is smaller
Son has larger surface area, can increase the bond area of itself and cement mortar, to which interface stress is relatively uniform.Since high intensity is mixed
The solidifying soil ratio of mud is smaller, concrete can be made to obtain better working performance using continuous grading.
Further, it is 2.8 middle sand that the sand, which selects fineness modulus,.
Further, the flyash selects II grades of flyash；The miberal powder selects S95 miberal powders.
Flyash is to prepare another common additive of strong concrete, when flyash and water-reducing agent are used in combination
When, super repeatedly effect is also will produce, the premise for obtaining this effect is that water-cement ratio is low, when water-reducing agent volume is big, water-binder ratio
Under conditions of low, flyash all generates advantageous effect to the various performances of fresh concrete and maturing, to make fine coal
Ash is unaffected to early strength, can add a small amount of silicon ash or zeolite powder, ground slag, shale ashes etc., in addition, flyash coagulation
Temperature is higher during soil hardening, then strength development is faster.
The effect of miberal powder is energy aquation and generates gel, can improve the microstructure of concrete, and be allowed to densification, to intensity
Advantageous effect must be played with durable, miberal powder not only has greater activity, but also the particle that can be obviously improved whole cementitious materials is matched
Grade, is allowed to more densely cross-linked.
In conclusion the invention has the advantages that：
The first, it is generated without structural cracks using the wall that slightly expanded concrete mixture provided by the invention pours, improves coagulation
The overall stability of soil structure.
The second, UEA-I types swelling agent compound water-reducing agent provided by the invention when, to the limited expansion rate of concrete of the present invention
It does not influence, but can preferably control its aerial retraction, reduce the limitation of slightly expanded concrete of the present invention
Contract with dry rate.
The intensity of the present invention can be improved when the compound water-reducing agent provided by the invention of third, UEA-I type swelling agents.
Specific implementation mode
Invention is further described in detail with reference to embodiments.It should be understood that described in the embodiment of the present invention
Preparation method is only used for illustrating the present invention, rather than limiting the invention, to this hair under the concept thereof of the present invention
The simple modifications of bright preparation method belong to the scope of protection of present invention.
The preparation embodiment of polymer I：
(1) configuration of monomer and initiator solution：
The fumaric acid of 46.428g and the water of 20g are taken, solution one is configured to.
2, the 3- dichloro-butenes aldehydic acid of 33.792g and the water of 20g are taken, solution two is configured to.
Methacrylic acid -2-ethanesulfonic acid the sodium salt and 10g water for taking 21.619g, are configured to solution three.
5g sodium peroxydisulfates and 10g water are taken, solution four is configured to.
(2) copolyreaction：
Solution one is added in the four eck flasks equipped with condenser pipe, is warming up to 80 DEG C, under agitation, while solution is added dropwise
Two, solution three and solution four, time for adding were controlled at 3 hours.After completion of dropwise addition, 85 DEG C of simultaneously insulation reaction 2 hours are warming up to, entirely
Process nitrogen protection.After reaction, product is neutralized to pH=7 with 30wt% sodium hydrate aqueous solutions, it is dry, it is copolymerized
Object I.Obtained polymer is analyzed using GPC (mobile phase is dimethylformamide), confirmation is that molecular weight (Mw) is 50,000.
Formulation ratio (the unit of 1 embodiment of table：Kg)
Comparative example 1：The difference of comparative example 1 and embodiment 1 is that water-reducing agent used is different, and happy concrete admixture is built using by Beijing
The JK-6 high performance water reducing agent of polyocarboxy acid that Co., Ltd provides.
Comparative example 2：The difference of comparative example 2 and embodiment 1 is to be not added with water-reducing agent.
Embodiment 1-5 and comparative example 1-2 are prepared with the following method.
Each material metering, sand, stone, cement, flyash, miberal powder, water, additive metering, feeding stirring discharge into stirring
It mixes transport vehicle transport (continuing to stir) to homogenize, construction site enters pump and pours.Wherein committed step is stirring and transport：1. when stirring
It should be noted that extending mixing time to 90 seconds to ensure that each component fully homogenizes, to ensure the swelling agent during concrete hydrating
In each position even inflation；2. casting process answers vibration compacting, reduce concrete plastic deformation (this is construction precautions,
It is not discussed herein)；3. reinforcing moisture-keeping maintaining, it should be no less than 14 days, its expansion is realized to ensure the abundant aquation of swelling agent
Performance, to offset the volume shrinkage mass of cementitious material aquation.
For slightly expanded concrete mixture made from embodiment 1-5 and comparative example 1-2, using GB50119-2013《It is mixed
Solidifying soil additive application technology specification》Standard provides, measures limited expansion rate and limitation contract with dry rate, and measurement result is shown in Table 2.
Table 2
From table 2 it can be seen that mixing the concrete of the UEA-I type swelling agents microdilatancy effect in 7 days plays preferable, late expansion
It can stablize, bounce back in air small.This is because super-long structural is easiest in building construction process problem appear to is that structure
Crack, this be due primarily to temperature change caused by the heat of hydration that cement in mass concrete discharges in hydration reaction and
The collective effect of concrete shrinkage will produce larger temperature stress and shrinkage stress.UEA-I type swelling agents are incorporated into concrete
After in component, appropriate expansion is generated in concrete, the seif-citing rate generated under the synergistic effect of reinforcing bar offsets, compensates for coagulation
The shrinkage stress that soil is generated by drying shrinkage and shrinkage, simultaneously because the microdilatancy generated improves the compactness of concrete.
When the compound water-reducing agent provided by the invention of UEA-I type swelling agents, do not have to the limited expansion rate of concrete of the present invention
It influences, but can preferably control its aerial retraction, reduce the limitation drying shrinkage of slightly expanded concrete of the present invention
Rate.
For slightly expanded concrete mixture made from embodiment 1-5 and comparative example 1-2, using GB/T50080-2016
《Standard for test methods of properties of ordinary concrete mixture》And GB/T50081-2002《Normal concrete mechanical test method》's
Standard provides, measures microdilatancy and controls situation, measurement result is shown in Table 3.
Table 3
| Detection project | Slump mm | 28d compression strength MPa | Impervious experiment |
| Embodiment one | 210 | 50.3 | It is qualified |
| Embodiment two | 210 | 52.1 | It is qualified |
| Embodiment three | 205 | 53.4 | It is qualified |
| Example IV | 200 | 54.3 | It is qualified |
| Embodiment five | 210 | 52.7 | It is qualified |
| Embodiment eight | 210 | 50.2 | It is qualified |
| Comparative example one | 210 | 39.4 | It is qualified |
| Comparative example two | 205 | 35.5 | It is qualified |
From table 3 it can be seen that the intensity of the present invention can be improved when the compound water-reducing agent provided by the invention of UEA-I type swelling agents.
Claims (10)
1. slightly expanded concrete mixture, which is characterized in that in terms of mass fraction, raw material includes：402-410 parts of cement, stone
1090-1110 parts sub-, 587-595 parts of sand, 36-42 parts of flyash, 56-62 parts of miberal powder, 49-51 parts of swelling agent, water-reducing agent
13.2-13.4 156-166 parts of part, water.
2. slightly expanded concrete mixture according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in terms of mass fraction, raw material packet
It includes：406 parts of cement, 1098 parts of stone, 591 parts of sand, 39 parts of flyash, 59 parts of miberal powder, 50 parts of swelling agent, water-reducing agent 13.3
Part, 161 parts of water.
3. slightly expanded concrete mixture according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the swelling agent selects UEA-I
Type swelling agent.
4. slightly expanded concrete mixture according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the water-reducing agent includes following
The polymer I of general formula：
Wherein, a, b, c are the chain number of repetitive unit, and molecular weight is 10,000~100,000.
5. slightly expanded concrete mixture according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the molecular weight of the polymer I
It is 50,000.
6. slightly expanded concrete mixture according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that a in the polymer I:b:c
It is 2:4:1.
7. slightly expanded concrete mixture according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the cement selection P.O42.5
Portland cement.
8. slightly expanded concrete mixture according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the stone selects 5-25mm
The rubble of continuous grading.
9. slightly expanded concrete mixture according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the sand selects fineness mould
The middle sand that number is 2.8.
10. slightly expanded concrete mixture according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the flyash selects II grades
Flyash；The miberal powder selects S95 miberal powders.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810362679.7A CN108503308A (en) | 2018-04-20 | 2018-04-20 | Slightly expanded concrete mixture |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810362679.7A CN108503308A (en) | 2018-04-20 | 2018-04-20 | Slightly expanded concrete mixture |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108503308A true CN108503308A (en) | 2018-09-07 |
Family
ID=63382820
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810362679.7A Pending CN108503308A (en) | 2018-04-20 | 2018-04-20 | Slightly expanded concrete mixture |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN108503308A (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109320154A (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2019-02-12 | 四川国泰高新管廊产业投资有限公司 | Expansive concrete for Overlong Concrete Structure construction |
| CN110550904A (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2019-12-10 | 山东大学 | nano-magnesia high-performance micro-expansive concrete and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN112047686A (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2020-12-08 | 赵荣菊 | Internal expansion joint-breaking type high-strength concrete |
| CN112608103A (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-04-06 | 福建宏盛建设集团有限公司 | High-strength concrete for building construction |
| CN112777982A (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2021-05-11 | 中国建筑第八工程局有限公司 | Concrete capable of reducing cracks of underground pipe gallery wallboard |
| CN113651581A (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2021-11-16 | 杭州华杰商品混凝土有限公司 | High-mineral-powder-doped concrete and preparation method thereof |
| CN118026610A (en) * | 2024-02-01 | 2024-05-14 | 浙江龙游通衢建材有限公司 | Micro-expansion concrete and production process thereof |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002265252A (en) * | 2001-03-09 | 2002-09-18 | Taiheiyo Cement Corp | Expansive concrete |
| CN101041571A (en) * | 2007-03-12 | 2007-09-26 | 严生 | Air entrained collapse-preventing type polycarboxylate concrete high efficiency water reducing agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN101863072A (en) * | 2010-06-11 | 2010-10-20 | 东南大学 | Internal curing process for improving performance of high strength and slight expansion concrete |
| CN107265969A (en) * | 2017-05-25 | 2017-10-20 | 北京城建亚泰金砼混凝土有限公司 | Slightly expanded concrete |
-
2018
- 2018-04-20 CN CN201810362679.7A patent/CN108503308A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002265252A (en) * | 2001-03-09 | 2002-09-18 | Taiheiyo Cement Corp | Expansive concrete |
| CN101041571A (en) * | 2007-03-12 | 2007-09-26 | 严生 | Air entrained collapse-preventing type polycarboxylate concrete high efficiency water reducing agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN101863072A (en) * | 2010-06-11 | 2010-10-20 | 东南大学 | Internal curing process for improving performance of high strength and slight expansion concrete |
| CN107265969A (en) * | 2017-05-25 | 2017-10-20 | 北京城建亚泰金砼混凝土有限公司 | Slightly expanded concrete |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 阮承祥: "《混凝土外加剂及其工程应用》", 31 December 2008, 江西科学技术出版社 * |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109320154A (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2019-02-12 | 四川国泰高新管廊产业投资有限公司 | Expansive concrete for Overlong Concrete Structure construction |
| CN110550904A (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2019-12-10 | 山东大学 | nano-magnesia high-performance micro-expansive concrete and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN112047686A (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2020-12-08 | 赵荣菊 | Internal expansion joint-breaking type high-strength concrete |
| CN112608103A (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-04-06 | 福建宏盛建设集团有限公司 | High-strength concrete for building construction |
| CN112777982A (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2021-05-11 | 中国建筑第八工程局有限公司 | Concrete capable of reducing cracks of underground pipe gallery wallboard |
| CN113651581A (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2021-11-16 | 杭州华杰商品混凝土有限公司 | High-mineral-powder-doped concrete and preparation method thereof |
| CN118026610A (en) * | 2024-02-01 | 2024-05-14 | 浙江龙游通衢建材有限公司 | Micro-expansion concrete and production process thereof |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN108503308A (en) | Slightly expanded concrete mixture | |
| CN106966687A (en) | One kind is without strong cohesive force phosphate cement patching material of mobility rapid hardening and preparation method thereof | |
| CN102126848B (en) | Cement-based self-leveling dry powder mortar for high-cracking-resistance ground | |
| CN107265966A (en) | One kind prepares bridge self-compaction cracking resistance clear-water concrete using high fine powder content Machine-made Sand | |
| CN108358562A (en) | Microdilatancy high-performance low gas content amount self-compacting concrete and its preparation method | |
| CN106587788A (en) | Low-cement-content self-compacting concrete and preparation method thereof | |
| CN111548094A (en) | Impervious concrete and proportioning method thereof | |
| CN110526613A (en) | A kind of aluminum dipping form specialized superfine sand pump send concrete polycarboxylate water-reducer | |
| CN108529965A (en) | Strong concrete mixture | |
| CN111620624A (en) | Self-compacting concrete and preparation method thereof | |
| CN113072342A (en) | Concrete containing recycled aggregate and preparation method and application thereof | |
| CN109503068A (en) | Low frequency vibration compacting, expansive concrete and preparation method thereof | |
| CN108249863A (en) | A kind of lower shrinkage high tenacity Cement-base material with ultra-high performance and preparation method thereof | |
| CN107265969A (en) | Slightly expanded concrete | |
| CN112299792A (en) | Process for preparing concrete | |
| CN108689670B (en) | Concrete for long wall engineering and preparation method thereof | |
| CN112209683B (en) | Self-compacting C120 ready-mixed dry material concrete and preparation method thereof | |
| WO2021191839A1 (en) | Dry cementitious material mixture for 3d-printing | |
| CN107935508A (en) | A kind of artificial slabstone and preparation method thereof | |
| CN101343158A (en) | Liquid fine-expansion pumping agent | |
| CN107721347A (en) | It is a kind of using lime as bridge expanssion joint area concrete special of bed material and preparation method thereof | |
| CN108017361A (en) | A kind of high-strength, durable, waterproof fibre plasterboard | |
| JPS5829265B2 (en) | Concrete construction | |
| KR102694344B1 (en) | Reinforced block composition and reinforced block including the same | |
| CN107935526A (en) | It is a kind of using cement and gypsum as bridge expanssion joint area concrete special of bottom material and preparation method thereof |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20180907 |
|
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |