CN108501255B - Plastic recovery method - Google Patents
Plastic recovery method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108501255B CN108501255B CN201810115480.4A CN201810115480A CN108501255B CN 108501255 B CN108501255 B CN 108501255B CN 201810115480 A CN201810115480 A CN 201810115480A CN 108501255 B CN108501255 B CN 108501255B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B9/00—Making granules
- B29B9/02—Making granules by dividing preformed material
- B29B9/06—Making granules by dividing preformed material in the form of filamentary material, e.g. combined with extrusion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B2017/001—Pretreating the materials before recovery
- B29B2017/0015—Washing, rinsing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
- Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a plastic recovery method, which comprises the steps of sorting according to the types and purposes of recovered plastics, then carrying out rough washing, crushing, cleaning and airing, and finally granulating by adopting a staged melting and filtering process to finally obtain plastic particles with different melting points, so that the plastic particles are convenient to utilize, and the recovered plastic particles can be used for processing products such as plastic bags, plastic bottles, plastic water pipes and the like according to the difference of the melting points.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plastic recovery, and particularly relates to a plastic recovery method.
Background
In the current society, industrial technology is developed, plastic products are greatly convenient for people's daily life, however, along with the accumulation of the plastic products, plastic garbage becomes a main pollutant which harms the environment of the first meeting, and based on the requirement of environmental protection, the recycling technology of the plastic appears, the recycling of the plastic is to recycle and clean the waste plastic products and then reuse the waste plastic products for the production of the plastic products, however, the plastic products have various purposes and complex types, because of the different purposes, the properties such as melting point, wear resistance, chemical corrosion resistance and the like are greatly different, especially when the plastic products with different melting points are recycled, if all the plastic products are melted and then granulated, when the granulated plastic particles are used for the industrial production, the phenomena of partial melting and partial refractory of the plastic particles occur in the melting process, in order to melt all plastic particles, the melting temperature needs to be increased, which not only causes energy waste, but also causes that a plastic component with a relatively low melting point is damaged by high temperature and loses the original performance, and in the serious condition, even a part of plastic is not melted, and a part of plastic is damaged and even volatilizes, so that the method for recycling various plastic classes has great significance.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the prior art, the invention aims to provide a plastic recovery method, which comprises the steps of sorting according to the type and the application of recovered plastics, then carrying out rough washing, crushing, cleaning and airing, and finally granulating by adopting a staged melting and filtering process to finally obtain plastic particles with different melting points, so that the plastic particles can be conveniently utilized.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a plastic recycling method comprising the steps of:
step 1, primarily sorting recycled plastics;
step 2, roughly washing, crushing, cleaning and airing the sorted plastics, wherein the cleaning process comprises washing, ultrasonic cleaning and rinsing;
and 3, mixing the aired plastic with an auxiliary agent, and then carrying out melting granulation to obtain recycled plastic particles, wherein the granulation process adopts stage type melting filtration granulation, and the auxiliary agent is obtained by adopting the following process:
according to the weight parts, 45-60 parts of titanium dioxide, 35-40 parts of wollastonite powder and 1-3 parts of sodium bicarbonate are mixed and ground until the particle size is below 200 micrometers, and then the mixture is calcined for more than 2 hours at the temperature of 800-1000 ℃ to obtain the assistant.
As an optimization, the preliminary sorting process in the step 1 comprises the following steps: sorting according to the types and the purposes of the recycled plastics, preferably manually sorting, and then respectively carrying out the step 2 and the step 3.
As an optimization, the rough washing process in the step 2 specifically comprises the following steps: placing the sorted plastic in water at the temperature of 37-45 ℃, stirring and roughly washing for more than 10 minutes, and respectively dissolving and precipitating water-soluble impurities and large-particle impurities in the recycled plastic in the step, thereby preliminarily removing more than 80% of impurities in the recycled plastic.
As optimization, the crushing process in the step 2 specifically comprises the following steps: the coarsely washed plastic is crushed into fragments with the size of below 5cm, because the recycling of the plastic is carried out in batches, the uncrushed recycled plastic occupies a large space after being stacked, and the uncrushed recycled plastic occupies relatively less space after being crushed into fragments, so that the efficiency of batch recycling is improved.
As an optimization, the cleaning process in the step 2 specifically comprises the following steps: placing the crushed plastic in a filter sieve, and then adopting 1-3 kg/cm2The water pressure and the flow rate of 5-10L/min are sprayed and washed for more than 10 minutes, so that more than 80% of granular residual impurities in the recovered plastic fragments can be removed, then the recovered plastic fragments are placed in water with the temperature of 50-70 ℃ for ultrasonic cleaning for more than 3 times, the cleaning time is 5-10 minutes each time, as optimization, washing agents, bleaching agents and washing agents are added into the water for spraying, washing and ultrasonic cleaning according to needs so as to completely clean and bleach the recovered plastics, the washing agents and the bleaching agents can be common plastic washing agents and bleaching agents obtained from the market, and then the recovered plastics are rinsed for 3 times by using clean water to remove the residual impurities in the recovered plastic fragmentsAnd obtaining clean plastic, and then drying the clean plastic in the air.
As further optimization, the sieve pores of the filter sieve are 3-12 mm, the filter sieve periodically undulates along the horizontal plane in the spraying and washing process, and the inclination angle of the undulation relative to the horizontal plane does not exceed 30 degrees, so that the plastic can be left.
As another optimization, the cleaning process in the step 1 is performed by using a circulating water cleaning system, sewage obtained by the cleaning process is filtered and then is subjected to standing and precipitation, and the upper-layer clarified filtrate is used for rough cleaning, flushing and ultrasonic cleaning of the next batch of plastics, so that water resources are completely utilized.
As an optimization, the airing process in the step 2 specifically comprises the following steps: and (3) airing the cleaned plastic under the conditions that the temperature is 45-60 ℃ and the humidity is below 10%.
As an optimization, the cleaned plastic is turned and dried in the step 2.
As an optimization, the stage type melting, filtering and granulating process in the step 3 specifically comprises the following steps: mixing the aired plastic with an auxiliary agent according to the weight ratio of 1: 0.01-0.03, melting at 90-120 ℃, filtering the non-melting plastic, extruding and granulating the molten plastic, melting the non-melting plastic at 140-160 ℃, filtering the non-melting plastic again, extruding and granulating the molten plastic, melting the filtered non-melting plastic at more than 200 ℃, and extruding and granulating.
Advantageous effects
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the plastic recovery method provided by the invention integrally adopts the processes of sorting, cleaning and granulating to recycle the plastic, adopts the processes of rough washing, crushing and cleaning to remove impurities in the plastic to obtain clean recovered plastic, then extrudes the plastic with different melting points in batches for granulation, and can be used for processing products such as plastic bags, plastic bottles, plastic water pipes and the like according to the difference of the melting points.
(2) According to the plastic recycling method provided by the invention, in the high-temperature melting granulation process, the auxiliary agent is prepared from titanium dioxide, wollastonite powder and sodium bicarbonate, the titanium dioxide enables the recycled plastic to have high glossiness, the wollastonite enables the whiteness of the recycled plastic to be increased, after the wollastonite is combined with the titanium dioxide, the plastic is free of mixed colors and is in a semitransparent white state after melting granulation, and the auxiliary agent obtained by high-temperature calcination is not agglomerated and crystallized due to the sodium bicarbonate; in the process of melting and granulating after mixing the auxiliary agent and the recycled plastic, the auxiliary agent enables the plastic to be easily melted at a relatively low temperature, and the plastic particles obtained by melting and granulating have uniform white color and transparency, and further the obtained plastic particles are easily colored in the process of preparing plastic products.
(3) The plastic recovery method further adopts a circulating water system to clean the recovered plastic, the wastewater after the cleaning process is filtered and precipitated, and then the upper layer of clear filtrate is adopted to carry out rough cleaning, flushing and ultrasonic cleaning on the next batch of recovered plastic, so that the pollution of the sewage discharge to the environment is reduced, the utilization rate of water materials is also improved, and the waste is avoided.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a plastic recycling method, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, primarily sorting recycled plastics according to types and purposes;
step 2, roughly washing, crushing, cleaning and airing the sorted plastic, wherein the roughly washing process specifically comprises the following steps: placing the sorted plastics into water with the temperature of 37 ℃, stirring and roughly washing for more than 10 minutes; the crushing process specifically comprises the following steps: crushing the roughly washed plastic into fragments with the size of less than 5 cm; the cleaning process specifically comprises the following steps: placing the crushed plastic in a filter sieve, and then adopting 1kg/cm2The water pressure and the flow rate of the filter screen are 5L/min, the filter screen is sprayed and washed for more than 10 minutes, the screen hole of the filter screen is 5mm, the filter screen is periodically fluctuated along the horizontal plane in the spraying and washing process, and the inclination angle of the filter screen relative to the horizontal plane is not changed when the filter screen is fluctuatedAfter the temperature is over 30 ℃, placing the plastic in water with the temperature of 50 ℃ for ultrasonic cleaning for more than 3 times, wherein the cleaning time is 10 minutes each time, then rinsing the plastic for more than 3 times by using clean water to obtain clean plastic, wherein the cleaning process is carried out by adopting a circulating water cleaning system, filtering sewage obtained after the cleaning process, standing and precipitating the filtered sewage, and carrying out rough cleaning, flushing and ultrasonic cleaning on the next batch of plastic by adopting upper clear filtrate; the airing process specifically comprises the following steps: and (3) placing the cleaned plastic under the conditions that the temperature is 45 ℃ and the humidity is less than 10% to turn over and dry the plastic.
And 3, mixing the aired plastic with an auxiliary agent, and then carrying out melting granulation to obtain recycled plastic particles, wherein the granulation process adopts stage type melting filtration granulation, and the auxiliary agent is obtained by adopting the following process:
mixing 60 parts of titanium dioxide, 35 parts of wollastonite powder and 1 part of sodium bicarbonate according to parts by weight, grinding until the particle size is below 200 microns, and calcining for 3 hours at 800 ℃ to obtain an auxiliary agent;
the stage type melting, filtering and granulating process comprises the following steps: mixing the aired plastic with an auxiliary agent according to the weight ratio of 1: 0.01, melting at 90 ℃, filtering the infusible plastic, extruding and granulating the molten plastic, melting the infusible plastic at 140 ℃, filtering the infusible plastic again, extruding and granulating the molten plastic, and finally melting the filtered infusible plastic at more than 200 ℃ and extruding and granulating.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a plastic recycling method, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, primarily sorting recycled plastics according to types and purposes;
step 2, roughly washing, crushing, cleaning and airing the sorted plastic, wherein the roughly washing process specifically comprises the following steps: placing the sorted plastics into water with the temperature of 41 ℃, stirring and roughly washing for more than 10 minutes; the crushing process specifically comprises the following steps: crushing the roughly washed plastic into fragments with the size of less than 5 cm; the cleaning process specifically comprises the following steps: placing the crushed plastic in a filter sieve, and then adopting 2kg/cm2The water pressure and the flow rate of the filter screen are 8L/min, the filter screen is sprayed and washed for more than 10 minutes, the screen hole of the filter screen is 8mm, the filter screen is periodically fluctuated along the horizontal plane in the spraying and washing process, the inclination angle of the undulated filter screen relative to the horizontal plane does not exceed 30 ℃, then the filter screen is placed in water with the temperature of 60 ℃ for ultrasonic washing for more than 3 times, the washing time is 7 minutes each time, then the filter screen is rinsed for more than 3 times by using clean water to obtain clean plastics, the washing process is carried out by adopting a circulating water washing system, sewage obtained after the washing process is filtered and then is kept stand for precipitation, and the upper layer clarified filtrate is used for rough washing, washing and ultrasonic washing; the airing process specifically comprises the following steps: and (3) placing the cleaned plastic under the conditions that the temperature is 52 ℃ and the humidity is less than 10% to turn over and dry the plastic.
And 3, mixing the aired plastic with an auxiliary agent, and then carrying out melting granulation to obtain recycled plastic particles, wherein the granulation process adopts stage type melting filtration granulation, and the auxiliary agent is obtained by adopting the following process:
mixing 50 parts of titanium dioxide, 37 parts of wollastonite powder and 2 parts of sodium bicarbonate according to parts by weight, grinding until the particle size is below 200 microns, and calcining for 7 hours at 900 ℃ to obtain an auxiliary agent;
the stage type melting, filtering and granulating process comprises the following steps: mixing the aired plastic with an auxiliary agent according to the weight ratio of 1: 0.02 weight ratio, melting at 105 ℃, filtering the infusible plastic, extruding and granulating the molten plastic, melting the infusible plastic at 150 ℃, filtering the infusible plastic again, extruding and granulating the molten plastic, and finally melting the filtered infusible plastic at more than 200 ℃ and extruding and granulating.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a plastic recycling method, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, primarily sorting recycled plastics according to types and purposes;
step 2, roughly washing, crushing, cleaning and airing the sorted plastic, wherein the roughly washing process specifically comprises the following steps: the sorted plastic is put at a temperature ofStirring and roughly washing in water at 45 ℃ for more than 10 minutes; the crushing process specifically comprises the following steps: crushing the roughly washed plastic into fragments with the size of less than 5 cm; the cleaning process specifically comprises the following steps: placing the crushed plastic in a filter sieve, and then adopting 3kg/cm2The water pressure and the flow rate of the filter screen are 10L/min, the filter screen is sprayed and washed for more than 10 minutes, the screen hole of the filter screen is 12mm, the filter screen is periodically fluctuated along the horizontal plane in the spraying and washing process, the inclination angle of the undulated filter screen relative to the horizontal plane does not exceed 30 ℃, then the filter screen is placed in water with the temperature of 70 ℃ for ultrasonic washing for more than 3 times, the washing time is 6 minutes each time, then the filter screen is rinsed for more than 3 times by using clean water to obtain clean plastics, the washing process is carried out by adopting a circulating water washing system, sewage obtained after the washing process is filtered and then is kept stand for precipitation, and the upper layer clarified filtrate is used for rough washing, washing and ultrasonic washing; the airing process specifically comprises the following steps: and (3) placing the cleaned plastic under the conditions that the temperature is 60 ℃ and the humidity is less than 10% to turn over and dry the plastic.
And 3, mixing the aired plastic with an auxiliary agent, and then carrying out melting granulation to obtain recycled plastic particles, wherein the granulation process adopts stage type melting filtration granulation, and the auxiliary agent is obtained by adopting the following process:
mixing 50 parts of titanium dioxide, 40 parts of wollastonite powder and 3 parts of sodium bicarbonate according to parts by weight, grinding until the particle size is below 200 micrometers, and calcining for 5 hours at 1000 ℃ to obtain an auxiliary agent;
the stage type melting, filtering and granulating process comprises the following steps: mixing the aired plastic with an auxiliary agent according to the weight ratio of 1: 0.03 weight ratio, melting at 120 ℃, filtering the infusible plastic, extruding and granulating the molten plastic, melting the infusible plastic at 160 ℃, filtering the infusible plastic again, extruding and granulating the molten plastic, and finally melting the filtered infusible plastic at more than 200 ℃ and extruding and granulating.
The plastic granules prepared by the staged melting, filtering and granulating in the above examples 1 to 3 have different melting points, and can be used for producing plastic products with different melting points.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method of recycling plastic, comprising the steps of:
step 1, primarily sorting recycled plastics;
step 2, roughly washing, crushing, cleaning and airing the sorted plastics, wherein the cleaning process comprises washing, ultrasonic cleaning and rinsing, a circulating water cleaning system is adopted for the cleaning process, sewage obtained after the cleaning process is filtered and then is kept stand for precipitation, and upper-layer clarified filtrate is adopted for roughly washing, washing and ultrasonic cleaning of the next batch of plastics;
and 3, mixing the aired plastic with an auxiliary agent, and then carrying out melting granulation to obtain recycled plastic particles, wherein the granulation process adopts stage type melting filtration granulation, and the auxiliary agent is obtained by adopting the following process:
mixing 45-60 parts by weight of titanium dioxide, 35-40 parts by weight of wollastonite powder and 1-3 parts by weight of sodium bicarbonate, grinding until the particle size is below 200 micrometers, and calcining for more than 2 hours at 800-1000 ℃ to obtain an auxiliary agent;
the stage type melting, filtering and granulating process specifically comprises the following steps: mixing the aired plastic with an auxiliary agent according to the weight ratio of 1: 0.01-0.03, melting at 90-120 ℃, filtering the non-melting plastic, extruding and granulating the molten plastic, melting the non-melting plastic at 140-160 ℃, filtering the non-melting plastic again, extruding and granulating the molten plastic, melting the filtered non-melting plastic at more than 200 ℃, and extruding and granulating.
2. The plastic recycling method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preliminary sorting process of step 1 is: sorting according to the types and the purposes of the recycled plastics, and then respectively carrying out the step 2 and the step 3.
3. The plastic recovery method according to claim 1, wherein the rough washing process in the step 2 is specifically: and placing the sorted plastics into water with the temperature of 37-45 ℃, stirring and roughly washing for more than 10 minutes.
4. The plastic recycling method according to claim 1, wherein the crushing process in step 2 is specifically: the roughly washed plastic is crushed into pieces having a size of 5cm or less.
5. The plastic recycling method according to claim 1, wherein the cleaning process of the step 2 is specifically: placing the crushed plastic in a filter sieve, and then adopting 1-3 kg/cm2The water pressure and the flow rate are 5-10L/min, the spraying and washing are carried out for more than 10 minutes, then the ultrasonic cleaning is carried out for more than 3 times in water with the temperature of 50-70 ℃, the cleaning time is 5-10 minutes each time, then the clean plastic is obtained by rinsing for more than 3 times with clean water, and the clean plastic is dried in the air.
6. The plastic recycling method of claim 5, wherein the screen hole of the filter screen is 3-12 mm, the filter screen is periodically fluctuated along the horizontal plane during the spraying and washing process, and the inclination angle of the fluctuated filter screen relative to the horizontal plane is not more than 30 degrees.
7. The plastic recycling method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the airing process of the step 2 is specifically: and (3) airing the cleaned plastic under the conditions that the temperature is 45-60 ℃ and the humidity is below 10%.
8. A plastic recycling method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the cleaned plastic is dried by tumbling in step 2.
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| CN201810115480.4A CN108501255B (en) | 2018-02-06 | 2018-02-06 | Plastic recovery method |
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| CN201810115480.4A CN108501255B (en) | 2018-02-06 | 2018-02-06 | Plastic recovery method |
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| CN108501255B true CN108501255B (en) | 2021-05-11 |
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| CN109624145A (en) * | 2018-11-28 | 2019-04-16 | 松滋市隆鑫塑料制品有限公司 | A kind of plastic waste recyclable device |
| CN109624144A (en) * | 2018-11-28 | 2019-04-16 | 松滋市隆鑫塑料制品有限公司 | A kind of waste material recovery device of plastic products |
| CN110370503A (en) * | 2019-08-09 | 2019-10-25 | 江苏中鼎塑业有限公司 | A kind of regenerated production technology of PVC reclaimed materials |
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| CN103934923B (en) * | 2014-04-25 | 2016-02-10 | 安徽理工大学 | Waste and old mixed plastic reclaims separator and method |
| CN107443618A (en) * | 2017-08-15 | 2017-12-08 | 武冈市鑫瑞能塑料制品有限公司 | A kind of regenerating and modifying plastic production technology based on waste or used plastics woven bag |
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