CN108500394B

CN108500394B - Cutter head and cutter blade for rough machining

Info

Publication number: CN108500394B
Application number: CN201810659126.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张磊
Original assignee: Langfang Supower Diamond Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Langfang Supower Diamond Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2018-06-25
Filing date: 2018-06-25
Publication date: 2024-03-15
Anticipated expiration: 2038-06-25
Also published as: CN108500394A

Abstract

The utility model discloses a tool bit and blade for rough machining, tool bit edge is circumference blade, sets up the chip breaker on the work terminal surface of tool bit, and the chip breaker is the concave structure that is less than circumference blade, and the chip breaker includes at least two chip breaking boss and at least one chip breaking recess, and chip breaking boss and chip breaking recess interval connection are fan-shaped and are distributed; the blade includes a cutting head and a base for securing the cutting head. The utility model provides a tool bit and blade have the chip breaker of novel structure, can make the aluminium bits get into and roll up the chip groove more smooth, the structure that chip breaking boss and chip breaking recess interval set up can provide different book bits curved surface, has increased the additional deformation of aluminium bits, reduces its plasticity and toughness, reaches the purpose of chip breaking more easily, effectively avoids banding aluminium bits scratch work piece surface, avoids work piece fish tail or cutter winding, has reduced the probability of the unusual wearability damage of cutter.

Description

Cutter head and cutter blade for rough machining

Technical Field

The application relates to the field of cutter machining, in particular to a cutter head and a cutter blade for rough machining.

Background

The modern automobile hub has a plurality of surface shapes and patterns, has high requirements on surface performance, and is generally processed by adopting an aluminum alloy material. The aluminum alloy material is prepared by adding certain elements into pure aluminum, has higher strength while keeping the light weight of the pure aluminum, and has sigma b values of 24-60 kgf/mm respectively ² . Thus, the specific strength (the ratio sigma b/rho of the strength to the specific gravity) of the alloy steel is superior to that of a plurality of alloy steels, and the alloy steel is an ideal structural material, is the most widely used nonferrous metal structural material in industry, and has a great deal of application in aviation, aerospace, automobile, mechanical manufacturing, ship and chemical industry.

However, because the aluminum alloy material has the physical properties, the aluminum alloy material is not easy to break, and aluminum scraps generated in the rough machining process are in a strip shape and are not easy to break, so that the surface of a workpiece is easy to scratch. The continuous cutting chips also cause the problems of workpiece scratch or cutter winding and the like, so that the probability of abnormal abrasive damage of the cutter is increased, and the requirements of high-speed and high-efficiency cutting cannot be met.

Disclosure of Invention

The application provides a tool bit and blade for rough machining to difficult chip breaking, fish tail work piece surface or winding cutter scheduling problem that the aluminium bits of work piece appear in the solution course of working.

In order to achieve the above object, the present application provides a cutter head for rough machining, where the cutter head is in a circumferential structure, the edge of the cutter head is a circumferential cutting edge, a chip breaker is formed on a working end surface of the cutter head, the chip breaker is in a concave structure lower than the circumferential cutting edge, the chip breaker includes at least two chip breaking bosses and at least one chip breaking groove, and the chip breaking bosses are connected with the chip breaking groove at intervals;

the chip breaking boss comprises a first connecting surface, a boss surface and a second connecting surface, one side of the boss surface is connected with one side of the first connecting surface, and the other side of the boss surface is connected with one side of the second connecting surface;

the chip breaking groove is a U-shaped groove, one side of the chip breaking groove is connected with the second connecting surface of one chip breaking boss, and the other side of the chip breaking groove is connected with the first connecting surface of the other chip breaking boss.

With reference to the first aspect, in a first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the chip breaking boss and the chip breaking groove are further connected to a transition surface on a circumferential edge side.

With reference to the first aspect, in a second possible implementation manner of the first aspect, a groove width of the chip breaking groove gradually decreases from a circumferential edge side to a central angle side.

With reference to the first aspect, in a third possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the circumferential edge transitions to the chip breaker groove through a third connection surface.

With reference to the first aspect, in a fourth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the first connection surface and the second connection surface are inclined planes or concave cambered surfaces.

With reference to the second possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in a fifth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, an included angle γ is formed between a bottom line of the chip breaking groove and a working end surface of the tool bit, where γ ranges from 5 ° to 15 °, and preferably ranges from 9 ° to 12 °.

With reference to the third possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in a sixth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the third connection surface forms a rake angle α with the circumferential edge, where α ranges from 10 ° to 25 °, and preferably ranges from 15 ° to 20 °.

With reference to the fifth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in a seventh possible implementation manner of the first aspect, an included angle β between tangent lines of the groove surface ranges from 100 ° to 160 °, and is preferably 120 ° to 150 °.

With reference to the first aspect, in an eighth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the land surface forms an angle θ with the working end surface of the tool bit, where θ ranges from 5 ° to 10 °, and preferably ranges from 6 ° to 9 °.

In a second aspect, the present application further provides a blade for roughing, comprising a base body, and further comprising a cutting head according to the first aspect, the cutting head being secured to the base body.

According to the technical scheme, the diamond tool bit and the diamond blade for rough machining are used for grinding or pressing the fan-shaped chip breaking grooves comprising the chip breaking boss and the chip breaking groove on the end face of the tool bit, aluminum chips are curled and deformed again when forced to flow into the chip breaking grooves, the aluminum chips are subjected to additional re-curling deformation at the chip breaking grooves after being basically deformed at the circumferential cutting edge, further hardening and embrittling are carried out, and when the curled aluminum chips collide with a workpiece or a rear tool face, the curled aluminum chips are broken easily. The application novel chip breaker of structure can make aluminium bits get into and roll up the bits groove more smooth, the structure that chip breaking boss and chip breaking recess interval set up can provide different book bits curved surface, has increased the additional deformation of aluminium bits, reduces its plasticity and toughness, reaches the purpose of chip breaking more easily, effectively avoids banding aluminium bits scratch work piece surface, avoids work piece fish tail or cutter winding, has reduced the probability of the unusual wearability damage of cutter.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the application.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a tool bit for rough machining according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 2 is a schematic front view of a tool bit for rough machining according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 3 is a schematic top view of a tool bit for rough machining according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the direction A-A of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view in the direction B-B of FIG. 3;

FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a chip breaking curved surface according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another chip breaking curved surface according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a structure of a blade for roughing provided in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the effect of the blade roughing provided in the embodiments of the present application;

FIG. 10 is an enlarged partial schematic view of the effect diagram of FIG. 9;

FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the portion C of the enlarged schematic view of FIG. 10;

fig. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view of fig. 10 at position D in the partially enlarged schematic illustration.

Reference numerals illustrate:

the tool comprises a tool bit-100, a working end face-1, a circumferential cutting edge-2, a chip breaker groove-3 and a third connecting surface-4; chip breaking boss-31, chip breaking groove-32, transition surface-33, first connection surface-311, boss surface-312 and second connection surface-313; matrix-200.

Detailed Description

The features and advantages of the present application will become more apparent and clear from the following detailed description of the application.

The word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "serving as an example, embodiment, or illustration. Any embodiment described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. Although various aspects of the embodiments are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale unless specifically indicated.

In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "front", "rear", "left" and "right", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships in the working state of the present application, are merely for convenience of description and simplification of the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and "fourth" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

The applicant finds that in the rough cutting process of an aluminum alloy workpiece, in order to quickly cut off blank allowance, a larger feeding amount and a cutting depth as large as possible are selected, but as the cutting speed increases, the basic edge shape of the cutting chip decreases, the diameter of the rolling chip increases, and the chip breaking effect also becomes poor; in addition, because the aluminum alloy material is light in weight, high in strength and not easy to break, the cutting layer is not deformed fully along with the increase of the cutting speed and becomes the chip, the stress on shearing does not reach the damage value yet, and the strip chip is easy to form only by plastic sliding without breaking. The strip-shaped aluminum scraps are easy to scratch the surface of a workpiece, and the problems of workpiece scratch or cutter winding and the like can be caused, so that the probability of abnormal abrasive damage of the cutter is increased. In order to avoid the occurrence of the above phenomena, the applicant has improved the structure of the existing diamond tips and blades.

Specific embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a structure of a tool bit for rough machining according to a preferred embodiment, and fig. 2 is a schematic view of a front view of the tool bit shown in fig. 1. As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the edge of the cutter head is provided with a circumferential cutting edge 2, the working end surface 1 of the cutter head is provided with chip breakers 3, the chip breakers 3 are of a concave structure lower than the circumferential cutting edge 2, the chip breakers 3 comprise at least two chip breaking bosses 31 and at least one chip breaking groove 32, and the chip breaking bosses 31 and the chip breaking grooves 32 are connected at intervals to form fan-shaped distribution;

the chip breaking boss 31 comprises a first connecting surface 311, a boss surface 312 and a second connecting surface 313, one side of the boss surface 312 is connected with one side of the first connecting surface 311, the other side of the boss surface 312 is connected with one side of the second connecting surface 313 to form a chip breaking boss 31 with a cross section similar to a trapezoid, aluminum chips cut by the circumferential cutting edge 2 are bent and transited to the chip breaking boss 31, so that the aluminum chips are plastically deformed, the cross section is changed from a straight surface to an inward-bent curved surface, and the aluminum chips are curled to a certain extent and then broken; the first connecting surface 311 and the second connecting surface 313 also play a role of reinforcing ribs, so that aluminum scraps are more beneficial to scraps breaking;

the chip breaking groove 32 is a U-shaped groove, one side of the chip breaking groove is connected with the second connecting surface 313 of one chip breaking boss 31, and the other side of the chip breaking groove is connected with the first connecting surface 311 of the other chip breaking boss; the second connecting surface 313, the first connecting surface 311 and the chip breaking groove 32 together form a chip rolling curved surface, after the aluminum chips flow out along the circumferential cutting edge 2, the aluminum chips are subjected to the action force generated by the chip rolling curved surface, the cross section of the aluminum chips is changed from a straight surface to a curved surface and is bent upwards under the action of the force, additional deformation is generated along the chip breaking groove 32 to curl, the curled aluminum chips are broken when the curled aluminum chips continue to be curled to the limit deformation degree under the action of the action force, and the strip-shaped aluminum chips cannot be formed to scratch the surface of a workpiece or wind a cutter.

Fig. 3 is a schematic top view of the cutter head, fig. 4 is a sectional view in A-A direction of fig. 3, and fig. 5 is a sectional view in B-B direction of fig. 3. As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the bottom line of the chip breaking groove 32 forms an included angle gamma with the working end surface 1 of the cutter head, and the range of gamma is 5-15 degrees, preferably 9-12 degrees; the boss surface 312 forms an included angle theta with the working end surface 1 of the tool bit, the range of theta is 5-10 degrees, preferably 6-9 degrees, the formed chip breaking groove is ensured to be of a concave structure lower than the working end surface of the tool bit, the basic deformation of the aluminum chips at the circumferential cutting edge 2 is transited to the additional deformation on the chip breaking curved surface, and the long aluminum chips are rapidly curled and broken under the combined action of the basic deformation and the additional deformation, so that the surface of a tool is prevented from being scratched.

In the metal cutting process, whether the chip is easy to break or not is directly related to the deformation of the chip. The chip formed during cutting has an increased hardness due to a relatively large plastic deformation, while the plasticity and toughness are significantly reduced, a phenomenon called cold work hardening. After hardening by cold working, the chip becomes hard and brittle and breaks easily when subjected to alternating bending or impact loads. The applicant finds that the chip breaker groove formed by the method is formed by combining two structures of the chip breaking boss and the chip breaking groove, plastic deformation of aluminum chips can be increased by the chip breaker groove in the cutting process, the hard and brittle phenomena are remarkable, the aluminum chips are subjected to more obvious alternating bending and impact loads, and the chip breaking is easy, so that the purpose of rapid chip breaking is achieved, the formed long-strip-shaped aluminum chips are prevented from scratching the surface of a workpiece, the problems of workpiece scratch or cutter winding and the like are caused, and the probability of abnormal abrasive damage of a cutter is increased.

As shown in fig. 2, in one embodiment, the chip breaking boss 31 and the chip breaking groove 32 are further connected to a transition surface 33 at the side of the circumferential cutting edge 2, and the transition surface 33 makes the aluminum chips smoothly transition to the chip breaking boss 31 or the chip breaking groove 32 after flowing out along the circumferential cutting edge 2, so that the aluminum chips are curled; the transition surface 33 is an inclined surface or an inward concave cambered surface, when the transition surface 33 is an inclined surface, the aluminum scraps can form larger impact force when contacting the inclined surface, and the aluminum scraps are beneficial to inwards bending so as to form curling; when the transition surface 33 is a concave arc surface, smooth transition of aluminum scraps can be ensured, the generated impact force is small, and the phenomenon of tipping is prevented.

Further, the groove width of the chip breaking groove 32 gradually decreases from the circumferential cutting edge 2 side to the central angle side, and the surface width of the boss surface 312 also gradually decreases from the circumferential cutting edge 2 side to the central angle side, so that the structure is beneficial to forming a fan-shaped structure, the groove width gradually tightens along the moving direction of the aluminum chip, the side edge of the aluminum chip can be enabled to be subjected to the clamping force of the groove walls at the two sides of the chip breaking groove 32, the aluminum chip is further promoted to be plastically bent in the groove, and the aluminum chip is broken when the curling deformation reaches the limit.

Further, as shown in fig. 2 and 4, the circumferential cutting edge 2 transitions into the chip breaker groove 3 through a third connecting surface 4; the extension line of the third connecting surface 4 and the end surface of the circumferential cutting edge 2 form a front angle alpha; the chip breaker groove 3 is lower than the circumferential cutting edge 2, and if the angle of the front angle alpha or alpha is not too large, the strength of the circumferential cutting edge 2 is reduced, so that the chip breaking is easy to cause in the processing process; if the rake angle a is too small, which results in a length of the third connecting surface 4 that is much greater than the contact length of the aluminium chip on the third connecting surface 4, the curved aluminium chip will leave the rear section of the third connecting surface 4, which will lose the effect of the chip, so that the rake angle a is in the range of 10 deg. to 25 deg., preferably 15 deg. to 20 deg., more preferably 18 deg.. In addition, the third connecting surface 4 is an inclined surface or a concave cambered surface, the inclined surface can ensure the strength, and the concave cambered surface can conform to the curved aluminum scraps to enable the aluminum scraps to be in smooth transition; if the third connecting surface 4 is a concave cambered surface, the front angle alpha is an included angle formed by a tangent extension line of the concave cambered surface and the end surface of the circumferential cutting edge 2.

In another embodiment, referring to fig. 2, the first connecting surface 311 and the second connecting surface 313 are inclined surfaces or concave cambered surfaces, and a cross section of the chip breaking curved surface formed by the first connecting surface and the chip breaking groove 32 is shown in fig. 6 and fig. 7.

When the first connection surface 311 and the second connection surface 313 are inclined surfaces, one side of the chip breaking groove 32 is connected with the second connection surface 313 of one chip breaking boss 31, the other side is connected with the first connection surface 311 of the other chip breaking boss, the second connection surface 313, the first connection surface 311 and the chip breaking groove 32 together form a chip breaking curved surface with a semi-V-shaped cross section, the semi-V-shaped inclined surfaces on two sides can provide larger clamping force, the additional deformation of aluminum chips is improved, the contact area between the bottom of the curved aluminum chips and the groove can be increased by the semi-U-shaped groove on the bottom, and the deformation of the aluminum chips is improved under the combined action of acting forces on two sides, so that the aluminum chips can be curled and broken rapidly.

When the first connecting surface 311 and the second connecting surface 313 are concave cambered surfaces, the broken chip curved surfaces can enable the aluminum chips to be curled and deformed, a good chip removal effect can be achieved, broken aluminum chips are timely discharged from the cutter head, and the aluminum chips are prevented from accumulating and scratching the surface of the tool.

As shown in fig. 5, the included angle β between the cutting lines on both sides of the chip breaking groove 32 is in the range of 100 ° to 160 °, preferably 120 ° to 150 °, and more preferably 130 °. If the included angle beta is too large, the groove surface is similar to a plane, and the groove shape is not formed; if the angle beta is too small, bending of the chip is not favored.

As shown in fig. 8, the present application further provides a blade for roughing, including a base 200, and further including the above-mentioned tool bit 100, where the tool bit 100 is welded and fixed on the base 200. The substrate 200 may have any shape, and may be made of tungsten carbide or a high-hardness material. The chip breaking effect of the blade is shown in fig. 9, fig. 10 is a partial enlarged view of fig. 9, the cross section of the position C in fig. 10 is a straight surface, as shown in fig. 11, and the cross section of the position D in fig. 10 is a curved surface, as shown in fig. 12.

The chip breaking grooves are formed in the working end face of the tool bit in a grinding or pressing mode, the chip breaking bosses and the chip breaking grooves are arranged at intervals, after the aluminum chips are basically deformed, additional deformation further occurs in the chip breaking grooves, after the aluminum chips are subjected to additional re-curling deformation, the aluminum chips are further hardened and embrittled, and when the aluminum chips collide with a workpiece or a rear tool face, the aluminum chips are broken easily. The chip breaker groove of new construction make aluminium bits get into and roll up the bits groove more smooth, and broken bits boss and broken bits recess interval set up, can provide different book bits curved surface, increased the additional deformation of aluminium bits, reduce its plasticity and toughness, can reach the purpose of broken bits fast.

The tool bit and the blade are mainly used for roughing processes of imitation machining in nonferrous metal products in automobile hubs, mechanical manufacturing, ships and chemical industry, and effectively solve the problem that long-strip aluminum scraps are not easy to break to scratch tools or wind tools in the roughing processes.

The invention has been described in detail in connection with the specific embodiments and exemplary examples thereof, but such description is not to be construed as limiting the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various equivalent substitutions, modifications or improvements may be made to the technical solution of the present invention and its embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a tool bit for rough machining, the tool bit is circumference column structure, its characterized in that, the tool bit edge is circumference blade (2), offer chip breaker (3) on the working end face (1) of tool bit, chip breaker (3) are the concave structure that is less than circumference blade (2), chip breaker (3) include at least two chip breaking boss (31) and at least one chip breaking recess (32), chip breaking boss (31) with chip breaking recess (32) interval connection; the groove width of the chip breaking groove (32) gradually decreases from the circumferential cutting edge (2) side to the central angle side;

the chip breaking boss (31) comprises a first connecting surface (311), a boss surface (312) and a second connecting surface (313), one side of the boss surface (312) is connected with one side of the first connecting surface (311), and the other side of the boss surface (312) is connected with one side of the second connecting surface (313);

the chip breaking groove (32) is a U-shaped groove, one side of the chip breaking groove is connected with the second connecting surface (313) of one chip breaking boss, and the other side of the chip breaking groove is connected with the first connecting surface (311) of the other chip breaking boss.

2. The tool head for roughing according to claim 1, characterized in that the chip breaking projection (31) and the chip breaking recess (32) are also connected to a transition surface (33) on the side of the circumferential cutting edge (2).

3. The tool head for roughing according to claim 1, characterized in that the circumferential cutting edge (2) transitions into the chip breaker groove (3) via a third connecting surface (4).

4. The tool bit for roughing according to claim 1, wherein the first and second connection surfaces (311, 313) are beveled or concave cambered surfaces.

5. A cutting head for roughing according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom line of the chip breaking recess (32) forms an angle γ with the working end face (1) of the cutting head, which is in the range of 5 ° to 15 °.

6. A tool head for roughing according to claim 3, characterized in that the third connection surface (4) forms a rake angle α with the circumferential cutting edge (2) in the range of 10 ° to 25 °.

7. The tool bit for roughing according to claim 5, characterized in that the angle β between the cutting lines on both sides of the chip breaking recess (32) ranges from 100 ° to 160 °.

8. The tool bit for roughing according to claim 1, characterized in that the boss surface (312) forms an angle θ with the working end surface (1) of the tool bit, which is in the range of 5 ° to 10 °.

9. A blade for roughing comprising a basic body (200), characterized in that it further comprises a cutting head (100) according to any one of claims 1-8, said cutting head (100) being fixed to said basic body (200).