CN108500271A - 一种用于同轴送粉增材制造的分体式打印头 - Google Patents
一种用于同轴送粉增材制造的分体式打印头 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种用于同轴送粉增材制造的分体式打印头主要由3部分组成：光学系统、光粉耦合装置、打印头连接件。其主要特征为打印头光学系统和光粉耦合装置之间是通过柔性套筒相连的软连接；当光学系统和光粉耦合装置发生相对运动时，柔性套筒可发生弹性变形，仍能起到密封作用。本发明避免了增材制造过程中打印头光学系统被损坏，提高了增材制造装备的可靠性，降低了装备使用和维护成本。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于增材制造的分体式打印头，属于激光增材制造装备技术领域，适用于同轴送粉式激光增材制造。
背景技术
同轴送粉式激光增材制造是一种激光熔化沉积技术(也称为3D打印)，具体过程为：打印头将激光束聚焦形成高能光斑，这个光斑在被加工零件上形成熔池，同时，金属粉末通过光粉耦合装置上的送粉管进入到熔池中熔化成液态，随着光斑按照事先设定的扫描路径以一定速度移动，熔化的金属快速凝固，同时光粉耦合装置跟随光斑同步运动，新的金属粉末被不断加入到熔池，零件则在这个过程中逐步成形。为了避免发生氧化反应而影响成形件的质量，上述成形过程需要在很低的氧含量下进行，为形成低氧含量的气体环境，成形运动机构和工作台被置于气体保护室中，并在气体保护室中充满惰性气体。这种增材制造技术的特点是能够实现尺寸达到数米的大型复杂毛坯的制造，而且零件的金属组织晶粒细小、成分均匀、组织细密，综合力学性能达到锻件水平。
打印头由光学系统和光粉耦合装置组成，光学系统先将光纤输出的激光扩束并准直成平行光，然后再由聚焦镜将平行光汇聚到焦点处；光粉耦合装置通常位于光学系统的下部，同时将多路粉末输送到激光的焦点处。传统打印头光粉耦合装置直接固定在光学系统上，在增材制造的过程中，送粉管紧邻金属熔池，由于熔池反光、热辐射等因素会使金属粉末极易烧结在送粉管上，送粉管将被烧结在已经成形的工件上，但此时机床的运动并未停止，造成打印头被损坏。
本发明提供一种分体式打印头，避免了因光粉耦合装置损坏而造成的光学系统损坏，提高了增材制造设备的可靠性。
发明内容
本发明提供一种用于同轴送粉增材制造的分体式打印头，其目的在于避免增材制造过程中打印头光学系统被损坏，提高了增材制造装备的可靠性，降低了装备使用和维护成本。本发明的技术方案如下：
本发明的分体式打印头由3部分组成：用来光束整形的光学系统、将金属粉末送入熔池的光粉耦合装置、打印头连接件。其主要特征为打印头光学系统和光粉耦合装置之间是通过柔性套筒相连的软连接。
所述光学系统主要由扩束准直镜整、聚焦镜、保护镜组成。光学系统将光纤输出的发散激光由扩束准直镜整形为平行光，然后再经聚焦镜整形为汇聚光。其保护镜为可插拔替换式，位于光学系统的下侧，用来防止金属粉末或烟尘污染光学系统。
所述光粉耦合装置由光粉耦合托盘和多路送粉管组成，多路送粉管均对准光学系统在加工平面上形成的光斑。光粉耦合托盘上有固定粉管的接口。光粉耦合托盘中间留有圆孔，可透过光学系统输出的激光。光粉耦合装置的目的是将送粉器输出的金属粉末，准确送入激光在加工平面形成的熔池。
所述柔性套筒上端连接光学系统，下端连接光粉耦合装置。其主要目的是将光学系统和光粉耦合装置密封连接，防止灰尘进入光学系统，同时防护光粉耦合装置输出的激光。
所述打印头连接件，一侧固定在机床或机器手上，另一侧分别连接光学系统和光粉耦合装置。
本发明的有益效果：增材制造过程中，因增材制造过程中工艺不稳定、误操作等因素，极易导致光粉耦合装置的损坏，本发明的分体式打印头，避免了因光粉耦合装置损坏而造成的光学系统损坏，提高了增材制造设备的可靠性。
附图说明
图1为用于同轴送粉增材制造的分体式打印头示意图。
具体实施方式
为了更好地说明本发明的目的和优点，下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。
如图所示，本发明的分体式打印头由3部分组成：用来光束整形的光学系统102、将金属粉末送入熔池的光粉耦合装置104、打印头连接件105。
光学系统102主要由扩束准直镜整201、聚焦镜202、保护镜203组成。光学系统102将光纤101输出的发散激光由扩束准直镜201整形为平行光，然后再经聚焦镜202整形为汇聚光。
保护镜203为可插拔替换式，位于光学系统102的下侧，用来防止金属粉末或烟尘污染光学系统102。
光粉耦合装置104由光粉耦合托盘302和送粉管301组成，为提高粉末输送的均匀性，可采用多路送粉管301送粉。送粉管301对准光学系统102在加工平面上形成的光斑。光粉耦合托盘302上有固定送粉管301的接口。光粉耦合托盘302中间留有圆孔，可透过光学系统102输出的激光。光粉耦合装置104 的目的，是将送粉器输出的金属粉末，准确送入激光在加工平面形成的熔池。
柔性套筒103上端连接光学系统102，下端连接光粉耦合装置104。其主要目的是将光学系统102和光粉耦合装置104密封连接，防止灰尘进入光学系统 102，同时防护光粉耦合装置104输出的激光。柔性套筒103可由金属波纹管制作而成，要求其具有一定的弹性，当光学系统102和光粉耦合装置104发生相对运动时，柔性套筒103可发生弹性变形，仍能起到密封作用。
打印头连接件105，一侧固定在机床或机器手106上，另一侧分别连接光学系统102和光粉耦合装置104。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，根据本发明的技术方案及发明构思加以等同替换或改变，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (4)
1.一种用于同轴送粉增材制造的分体式打印头主要由3部分组成：光学系统、光粉耦合装置、打印头连接件；光粉耦合装置通常位于光学系统的下部，将多路粉末输送到激光的焦点处；打印头连接件一侧固定在机床或机器手上，另一侧分别连接光学系统和光粉耦合装置；其主要特征为光学系统和光粉耦合装置之间是软连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于同轴送粉增材制造的分体式打印头，其光学系统主要由扩束准直镜整、聚焦镜、保护镜组成；实现将光纤输出的发散激光由扩束准直镜整形为平行光，然后再经聚焦镜整形为汇聚光；所述保护镜为可插拔替换式，位于光学系统的下侧。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于同轴送粉增材制造的分体式打印头，其光粉耦合装置由光粉耦合托盘和多路送粉管组成，多路送粉管对准光学系统在加工平面上形成的光斑；光粉耦合托盘上有固定粉管的接口；光粉耦合托盘中间留有圆孔，可透过光学系统输出的激光。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于同轴送粉增材制造的分体式打印头，所述软连接具体是指柔性套筒，其上端连接光学系统，下端连接光粉耦合装置，用于将光学系统和光粉耦合装置密封连接。
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