CN108495328B - Method for enhancing transmission reliability of wireless local area network under WiFi interference - Google Patents
Method for enhancing transmission reliability of wireless local area network under WiFi interference Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for enhancing the transmission reliability of a wireless local area network under WiFi interference, which comprises the following steps: in a WiFi interference environment, in order to avoid the collision problem with the conventional WiFi, a virtual carrier sensing mechanism is introduced; meanwhile, on the basis of a TDMA scheduling mechanism, a pre-reservation mechanism is designed, and if the retransmission times in the last scheduling link are not used completely, the rest unused retransmission time is pre-reserved to the next link to be transmitted; the transmission time of the next link to be scheduled is increased by presetting the unused retransmission time in the link which has been successfully transmitted to the next link to be scheduled in advance, so that the reliability of data transmission is improved; meanwhile, the inter-frame space IFS of the TDMA network is shortened to improve the priority of the TDMA network, so that the TDMA network has higher opportunity to transmit data first than a common WiFi network.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a wireless communication transmission technology, in particular to a method for enhancing the transmission reliability of a wireless local area network under WiFi interference.
Background
Wireless network technologies have been easier to deploy and reduce maintenance and configuration costs due to their great advantages in mobility. However, the existing CSMA/CA mechanism, uncertain delay, cannot provide real-time reliable delivery of data packets, and channel conditions are in a continuous dynamic change in most cases. How to improve the reliability of data transmission, how to reduce the interference of common WiFi according to specific application, and how to improve the reliability of wireless local area network data transmission have great research significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for enhancing the transmission reliability of a wireless local area network under WiFi interference aiming at the problem of avoiding collision with common WiFi in a WiFi interference environment on the basis of a TDMA scheduling mechanism, which is a research hotspot at present.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method for enhancing transmission reliability of a wireless local area network under WiFi interference, the method comprising the steps of:
the first step is as follows: installing and turning on virtual carrier sensing in Ath9 k;
the second step is that: a TDMA link scheduling component is built in Ath9k, comprising a timer module for triggering link scheduling, a communication link scheduling module for scheduling order of accessed stations, a channel access control module for managing accessed stations;
the third step: constructing a link scheduling superframe, allocating uplink and downlink scheduling for each station, and sending a beacon frame at a first time slot AP at the beginning of each scheduling round robin for global time synchronization;
the fourth step: adding a pre-ordering mechanism in a communication link scheduling module, specifically, if the retransmission times are not used completely, reserving the rest unused retransmission time to a next link to be transmitted in advance;
the fifth step: shortening the interframe space IFS: allocating an IFS to the TDMA nodes that is shorter than conventional WiFi to give higher priority to the node access channels of the TDMA scheduling mechanism so that the TDMA nodes start transmitting earlier than conventional WiFi nodes;
and a sixth step: sharing unused bandwidth with conventional WiFi networks: the bandwidth sharing mechanism consists of a protection frame and a channel usage estimate;the protection pin broadcasts NAV in the network of the TDMA scheduling mechanism to postpone the transmission of the conventional WiFi; channel usage estimation by recording channel access times of measured past regular WiFi traffic and estimating access times by using an exponentially weighted average; suppose that the channel access time estimate for conventional WiFi is tEstAnd the guard frame transmission time is tGuardFrameDefining a sharing threshold time tSharedThe following were used:
tShared＝tEst+tGuardFrame
if the channel idle time is less than tSharedProtecting data transmission under a TDMA mechanism by using virtual carrier sensing; if the channel idle time exceeds t in the communication scheduleSharedScheduling a guard pin and sharing unused channel idle time to regular WiFi.
Further, in the first step, its carrier sense is turned on by AR _ DIAG _ SW and AR _ D _ GBL _ IFS _ MISC manipulating hardware registers of AR 9285.
Further, in the third step, the wifi signal is released through hostapd, and the isc-dhcp-server allocates an IP address to the accessed station; after the station connection is successful, the channel access control module can construct a new superframe; the link scheduling module controls the scheduling sequence of the stations in the superframe and performs a new cycle after the scheduling is finished; the timer module is used for triggering the start of each time slot; a superframe consists of many time slots, the first of which is for the AP to send a beacon frame at the beginning of each poll for global time synchronization.
Further, in the fourth step, when the link reserves three transmission opportunities in one scheduling, among the three opportunities, the first transmission may be successful, or the first transmission may be failed, and the second transmission may be successful, or the first two transmissions may be failed, and at this time, the third retransmission is required; an efficient mechanism is provided for detecting the first link L1Whether the last retry chain is used or not is specifically: the third micro-slot is reserved in advance, and in the first link L1Let the next retry opportunity when the last retry opportunity is not usedA second link L to be transmitted2Directly on the first link L1Is sent in advance in the third retry opportunity, and furthermore, the advance subscription mechanism still needs to ensure L1And L2Meet their reliability requirements; for L1Since the third retransmission is always transmitted when necessary, the reliability satisfies L1The requirements of (1); in addition, L is not transmitted only in the third micro-slot1Can schedule L ahead of time for the third transmission2Thus, L1And L2Scheduling may be performed with expected reliability.
Further, in the sixth step, the transmission blocking is solved by flexibly using virtual carrier sensing in the conventional WiFi network, in the virtual carrier sensing process, the link blocks the WiFi network by using NAV, but in the long time of NAV, the unused NAV long channel idle time wastes the sharing opportunity with the conventional WiFi transmission, and the problem is solved by protecting the TDMA traffic mechanism and making the conventional WiFi network share the unused bandwidth.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention discloses a method for improving the data transmission reliability of a wireless local area network under the interference of common WiFi signals under a TDMA scheduling mechanism. Aiming at the problem of how to avoid collision with common WiFi in the environment of WiFi interference, the invention introduces a virtual carrier sensing mechanism; meanwhile, on the basis of rate self-adaptive derivation retry chain, a pre-ordering mechanism is designed, if the retransmission times are not used completely, the residual unused retransmission time is pre-ordered to the next link to be transmitted; the transmission time of the next link to be scheduled is increased by presetting the unused retransmission time in the link which has been successfully transmitted to the next link to be scheduled in advance, so that the reliability of data transmission is improved; meanwhile, the inter-frame interval IFS of the TDMA network is shortened to improve the priority of the TDMA network, so that the TDMA network has higher opportunity to transmit data first than a common WiFi network; the invention avoids collision of a common WiFi network by introducing virtual carrier sense, improves the priority of the TDMA network by shortening the interframe space IFS of the TDMA network, and provides a mechanism for advance reservation and bandwidth sharing.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a TDMA link scheduling module;
FIG. 2 is an overall architecture of a TDMA scheduling mechanism;
FIG. 3 is a design diagram of a time slot;
in fig. 4, (a) is link scheduling without advance reservation, and (b) is link scheduling under an advance reservation mechanism;
fig. 5 shows coexistence of a TDMA network and a WiFi network in different modes, (a) is an original coexistence mode, (b) is a coexistence mode under virtual carrier sensing, and (c) is a coexistence mode under bandwidth sharing.
Detailed Description
In order to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description is further made.
As shown in fig. 1, the TDMA link scheduling component mainly has three major modules, the channel access control module is used for accessing stations, wifi signals are released through hostapd, and the isc-dhcp-server allocates IP addresses to the accessed stations; after the station connection is successful, the channel access control module can construct a new superframe; the link scheduling module controls the scheduling sequence of the stations in the superframe and performs a new cycle after the scheduling is finished; the timer module is used for triggering the start of each time slot; a superframe consists of many time slots, and at the beginning of each poll, the first time slot is for the AP to send a beacon frame for global time synchronization, as shown in table 1.
Table 1 a superframe with 7 slot example
Fig. 2 shows the overall software architecture, namely the software architecture of the TDMA scheduling mechanism network management framework at the AP side and the station side, which is built on the Linux operating system and uses IEEE 802.11 compatible hardware. In order to meet the strict time limit of the TDMA, a MAC module and a rate adaptive control module in a TDMA scheduling mechanism are developed in a linux kernel. To be compatible with existing system designs, a management framework of the TDMA scheduling mechanism is integrated with two existing kernel modules (MAC80211 and hardware dependent MAC) in the kernel space. MAC80211 is a kernel management module for managing MAC sublayer entities in IEEE 802.11 protocol in linux, and a hardware-dependent MAC kernel module for processing specific wireless network interface drivers. In addition to modifying existing core modules, we develop a configurable TDMA datalink layer in the core. There are two types of message flows in this network management architecture. The solid black lines in fig. 2 represent internal messages exchanged within the AP side or the station side in the TDMA scheme through the internal interface. The dashed lines show the transmission of communication information in different machines. For internal messages, a network socket is used for communication between the user space program and the kernel module. Messages are transmitted on different machines using TCP or UDP protocols.
As shown in fig. 3, a WiFi network for a TDMA scheduling mechanism has strict timing requirements for each device. For example, if a total sample rate of 2kHz is required, the timer needs to deliver a precise timing interrupt every 500 mus, within which time slot all tasks related to that sample (including data transmission, acknowledgement and possible slot retransmission) should be completed. The time slot is a basic temporary channel access unit of the TDMA scheduling mechanism network. A deterministic timing behavior is provided for each target, and a node in each TDMA scheduling mechanism can only access the channel in its pre-assigned time slot. Fig. 3(a) shows the time slots of the TDMA scheduling mechanism, the time slot size is determined by equation (1), and the guard interval (T)GuardInterval) For ensuring mutual interference due to inaccurate synchronization during continuous data transmission, starting data transmission after guard interval, and transmitting time (T)Data) Depending on the transmission rate and the size of the packet. After the receiver successfully receives the data, it will respond with An (ACK) message after a short interframe space (SIFS). If the sender does not receive an ACK after a short interframe space (SIFS), the sender assumes that the packet is lost.
TTimeSlot≥TGuardInterval+TData+TSIFS+TACK (1)
TDMA scheduling mechanisms apply retransmission mechanisms to improve the reliability of the communication link. This retransmission mechanism is called intra-slot retry: the intra-slot retransmission scheme is shown in fig. 3 (b). And if the sender does not receive the ACK message from the receiver, immediately resending the ACK message. The retransmission time within a slot should not exceed the length of the slot.
As shown in fig. 4, assuming there are three retry opportunities in each scheduled link with a probability of success per transmission of 0.5, it is shown in fig. 4(a) that we cannot schedule two links at the same time. However, L is observed in FIG. 4(a)1The probability of using the last retry is only 0.25, since if L is1The third retry is used until both of the first two retries fail. Therefore, if there is an efficient mechanism, L can be detected1Whether the last retry chain of (a) is used, as shown in fig. 4(b), we can pre-book minislot 3 in advance, so that only T is sent(2,1)If T is(1,3)In the case of no use in the minislot. Furthermore, the advance subscription mechanism still needs to ensure L1And L2Still meet their reliability requirements. For L1Due to T(1,3)Always transmits when necessary, and the reliability satisfies L1The requirements of (1). In addition, T is not transmitted only in minislot 3(1,3)Can schedule L ahead of time2，L2The successful transfer rate of the packet is calculated as follows: 0.75. E ({ T)(2，1),T(2，2),T(2，3)})+0.25·E({T(2，1),T(2，2)0.75 · 0.875+0.25 · 0.75 — 0.84375. Thus, L1And L2Scheduling may be performed with expected reliability.
The carrier sensing method is as shown in fig. 5 (a), because the old coexistence mode cannot defer normal WiFi transmission, it pessimistically estimates that conventional WiFi transmits in the worst case, i.e., assuming that WiFi uses the maximum transmission unit and the lowest data rate. Thus, this approach results in inefficient channel usage. On the other hand, as shown in fig. 5 (b), link 2 may be scheduled immediately after the deadline of link 1 under the virtual carrier sensing mechanism. The transmission of link 2 is not blocked by conventional WiFi transmission even though link 1 is not using all of itBecause normal WiFi will be deferred to the end of the specified NAV. As in fig. 5 (c), if the channel idle time is less than tSharedWe use virtual carrier sensing to protect data transmission under the TDMA scheme. On the other hand, if the channel idle time exceeds the sharing threshold in our communication schedule, we schedule a guard pin and share the unused channel idle time to regular WiFi. Note that since time is reserved for guard frames and channel access from conventional WiFi, TDMA transmission will not be delayed if the estimate is accurate. However, if the TDMA transmission misses the deadline, the system adaptively updates the channel estimate and builds a new communication schedule due to underestimating the channel access time.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and those skilled in the art can implement the present invention in other various embodiments based on the disclosure of the present invention. Therefore, the design of the invention is within the scope of protection, with simple changes or modifications, based on the design structure and thought of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for enhancing transmission reliability of a wireless local area network under WiFi interference, the method comprising:
the first step is as follows: installing and turning on virtual carrier sensing in Ath9 k;
the second step is that: a TDMA link scheduling component is built in Ath9k, comprising a timer module for triggering link scheduling, a communication link scheduling module for scheduling order of accessed stations, a channel access control module for managing accessed stations;
the third step: constructing a link scheduling superframe, allocating uplink and downlink scheduling for each station, and sending a beacon frame at a first time slot AP at the beginning of each scheduling round robin for global time synchronization;
the fourth step: adding a pre-ordering mechanism in a communication link scheduling module, specifically, if the retransmission times are not used completely, reserving the rest unused retransmission time to a next link to be transmitted in advance;
the fifth step: shortening the interframe space IFS: allocating an IFS to the TDMA nodes that is shorter than conventional WiFi to give higher priority to the node access channels of the TDMA scheduling mechanism so that the TDMA nodes start transmitting earlier than conventional WiFi nodes;
and a sixth step: sharing unused bandwidth with conventional WiFi networks: the bandwidth sharing mechanism consists of a protection frame and a channel usage estimate; the protection frame broadcasts NAV in the network of the TDMA scheduling mechanism to postpone the transmission of the conventional WiFi; channel usage estimation by recording channel access times of measured past regular WiFi traffic and estimating access times by using an exponentially weighted average; suppose that the channel access time estimate for conventional WiFi is tEstAnd the guard frame transmission time is tGuardFrameDefining a sharing threshold time tSharedThe following were used:
tShared＝tEst+tGuardFrame
if the channel idle time is less than tSharedProtecting data transmission under a TDMA mechanism by using virtual carrier sensing; if the channel idle time exceeds t in the communication scheduleSharedScheduling a guard frame and sharing unused channel idle time to regular WiFi.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in the first step, the carrier sense is turned on by manipulating the AR _ DIAG _ SW and AR _ D _ GBL _ IFS _ MISC of the hardware registers of AR 9285.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the third step, WiFi signal is released through hostapd, and isc-dhcp-server assigns IP address to the accessed station; after the station connection is successful, the channel access control module can construct a new superframe; the link scheduling module controls the scheduling sequence of the stations in the superframe and performs a new cycle after the scheduling is finished; the timer module is used for triggering the start of each time slot; a superframe consists of many time slots, the first of which is for the AP to send a beacon frame at the beginning of each poll for global time synchronization.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, when the link reserves three transmission opportunities in one schedule, of the three opportunities, the first transmission is successful, or the first transmission is failed, and the second transmission is successful, or the first two transmissions are failed, and the third retransmission is required; an efficient mechanism is provided for detecting the first link L1Whether the last retry chain is used or not is specifically: the third minislot is predetermined in advance, and in the first link L1Let the second link L to be transmitted next when the last retry opportunity is not used2Directly on the first link L1Is sent in advance in the third retry opportunity, and furthermore, the advance reservation mechanism still needs to ensure L1And L2Meet their reliability requirements; for L1Since the third retransmission is always transmitted when necessary, the reliability satisfies L1The requirements of (1); in addition, L is not transmitted only in the third micro-slot1Can schedule L ahead of time for the third transmission2Thus, L1And L2Scheduling may be performed with expected reliability.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein in the sixth step, the transmission blocking is solved by flexibly using virtual carrier sensing in the conventional WiFi network, and in the virtual carrier sensing process, the link blocks the WiFi network by using NAV, but in the long time of NAV, the unused NAV long channel idle time wastes the sharing opportunity with the conventional WiFi transmission, and the problem is solved by protecting the TDMA traffic mechanism and making the conventional WiFi network share the unused bandwidth.
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| US8767597B2 (en) * | 2011-11-18 | 2014-07-01 | The University Of Tokyo | Wireless communication apparatus |
| CN105357712A (en) * | 2015-05-11 | 2016-02-24 | 西南交通大学 | Multi-node channel scanning and distribution method in wireless network |
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